Representativeness isampuli

Vyborka- lokhu iqoqo idatha ezithathwe izinqubo ezifanele sabantu for ukuhlaziya ucwaningo. Representativeness - lokhu impahla ukudlala kokwethula wonke amalungu awo. Ngesinye, kuba nokwenzeka ekusakazekeni umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi lonke, ukuthi le ngxenye kuhlanganisa.

Representativeness isampuli - esilinganisweni, esakhiwa ngo yokuthi isampuli kumele libonise isiqalo nesigcino izimpawu ngokuphelele futhi enokwethenjelwa, okuyinto iyingxenye. Ingase futhi lingachazwa ngokuthi isakhiwo isampuli amelela ngokugcwele kakhulu izimfanelo labantu, okukhulu kusukela umbono zocwaningo.

Ucabange ukuthi wonkana - bonke abafundi lesikole (abantu 900 kusukela amakilasi 30, 30 abafundi ekilasini ngalinye). Into - i-ratio abafundi kusuke kungenxa yokubhema. Isethi isampula ehlanganisa 90 abafundi kuphela esikoleni esiphakeme, ingasaphathwa samanje a ngokuphelela ngaphandle isampula 90 abafundi okufanayo, okwakuba khona kuyo komunye umfundi ekilasini 3. Isizathu esiyinhloko - yokwaba kithi ukugcina kwezikhathi. Ngakho, endabeni yokuqala representativeness isampuli kuyoba aphansi. Esimeni sesibili - okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngo kwabantu, wathi kukhona representativeness isampula representativeness yayo.

Njengoba isibonelo, isampula lula kungaholela Yisimo esivamile lesi, owenzeka ngo-1936 e-United States phakathi ngokhetho.

Magazine "Literari Digest", okuyinto kule kakhulu ngempumelelo labikezela imiphumela yokhetho lwezindawo langaphambilini, ngalesi sikhathi wenza iphutha izibikezelo, nakuba wathumela imibuzo ebhalwe esinabantu abayizigidi eziningana ababhalisile, kanye abaphendulayo abakhethwe incwadi yocingo bese kusuka yokubhalisa imoto uhlu. Esikhathini lokuvota sesine ezibuyisiwe emuva egcwele, ukuvota lalithé: 57% kuya ku uholwe ikhandidethi Republican Alf Landon wabiza, 41% waveza ukuthi likhetha umongameli eyisibopho - Democrat Franklin Roosevelt.

Eqinisweni, ukhetho iwine Roosevelt owashaya igoli cishe u-60% wamavoti. Iphutha "Literari Digest" yayiseceleni kwesinagoge. Babefuna ukwandisa representativeness isampuli. Futhi njengoba ayazi ukuthi iningi ababhalisile zabo iziveze Republican, banquma ukwandisa isampuli ngenxa Kubantu abaphendula, abangamaphesenti abazikhethayo amabhuku yefoni yokubhalisa imoto uhlu. Kodwa musa acabangele ezingokoqobo ekhona futhi empeleni bangiphuca abasekeli ngisho more of the Republican, ngoba ngesikhathi Yokuwohloka Okukhulu izimoto namafoni babethola middle class futhi engenhla. Yilaba ikakhulukazi Republican, hhayi Democrats.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene izibonelo zalokho: elula okungahleliwe, serial, ejwayelekile, mechanical kuhlanganiswe.

Simple amasampuli okungahleliwe iwukukhetha kusukela lonke iqoqo amayunithi ngaphansi cwaningo nomaphi ngaphandle ohlelweni.

amasampuli Mechanical isetshenziswa lapho labantu ku-ode ngaphambilini, isibonelo, kukhona ukulandelana ezithile amayunithi (izinombolo ukubhaliswa kwabasebenzi, uhlu ukhetho, izinombolo izinombolo abaphendulayo zefoni amafulethi nezindlu, njll).

Ukukhethwa ejwayelekile isetshenziswa lapho yonke isethi kungenziwa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngohlobo. Uma usebenzisa labantu abanjalo bangase, isibonelo, imfundo, ubudala, amaqembu omphakathi, ekuhloleni amabhizinisi - igatsha noma inhlangano ehlukile nabanye.

Ukukhetha yomkhiqizo kuyasiza uma amayunithi ehlangana uchungechunge elincane noma iqembu. Lolu chungechunge kungaba batch imikhiqizo eseqedile, amakilasi esikoleni, amaqembu zabasebenzi kanye namanye amaqembu.

isampula Kuhlanganiswe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo yangaphambilini ye amasampula e inhlanganisela obuhlukahlukene.