Zone Arctic izingwadule

Kukhona emhlabeni insimu ekhethekile kakhulu: onqenqemeni esisenyakatho ye-Asia kanye enyakatho ingxenye zwekazi American, kanye insimu esiqhingini e-Arctic, le polar zone imingcele afakiwe.

Iyini indawo ehlane arctic? Okokuqala, kungcono sezulu ekhethekile, lapho kungekho ocacile ku zonyaka. Kukhona nje kusebusika, esibonakala ebusuku polar nge control lokushisa, ziyaguquguquka phakathi eziyishumi, anamanci mahlanu degrees nge uphawu lokususa, ehlobo esifushane kakhulu ngosuku ezibandayo kanye lokushisa ayeqi zero uphawu thermometer.

arctic ehlane endaweni has a sezwe ethize: ice neqhwa ukumboza ezinkulukazi esiqhingini ndawo. I leziqhingi of Franz Josef embozwe iqhwa at ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa per cent, Esiqhingini esisenyakatho Novaya Zemlya - amaphesenti amane, Ushakov esiqhingini cishe icebound ngokuphelele. Severnaya Zemlya (iziqhingi) ezingamashumi amane nanhlanu angu imbozwe ice izihlangu engamashumi amabili nambili.

Esikhathini indawo Russian Arctic esogwadule kuhlanganisa endaweni kusukela enyakatho iphuzu iningi (Franz Josef Land) kuya eningizimu kakhulu (Wrangel Island), lesi siqhingi ka Novaya Zemlya, i-New eSiberia Islands, Northern amazwe, emaphethelweni Peninsula Taimyr nolwandle Arctic elise ngaphakathi kwale ndawo.

arctic ehlane endaweni embozwe yiqhwa futhi icebound unyaka wonke. Inzika uwela lapha kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Izinga yabo yonyaka ilingana 200-300 amamilimitha angu futhi achazwa ngokuyinhloko iqhwa nesithwathwa kuphela. Isimo sezulu ye-Arctic ezingwadule yashubisa yimimoya enamandla, njalo inkungu ekhasa futhi amafu aphakeme.

Impumuzo seziqhingi kakhulu efanayo. Kuyinto thafa eliyisicaba ezindaweni ezisogwini nezintaba eziphakeme emkhakheni yasekhaya. Okuyisidina impumuzo flat sici kuphela okusha laseSiberia Islands. Esiqhingini insimu Arctic ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union, cishe amashumi amahlanu nesithupha namakhulu square metres isikhala yisici ice. Ice ishidi ukujiya ilingana amathathu namashumi of the New Earth, North eMhlabeni - amabili namashumi Franz Josef Land - ikhulu namashumi amamitha. ngomthamo usuwonke Iqhwa (enyakatho yeNhlonhlo Taimyr) idlula amamitha angamakhulu amahlanu.

Yini ingase ikumangaze arctic ehlane zone ngokuya izimila? Phela, akumangalisi iqiniso nje ukuthi zikhona ezindaweni eyiqhwa. Kasibili kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi ehlane, njengoba izitshalo ohluphekayo okuyisidina. Ikhava isitshalo idabukile, kanye enamathela Imininingwane ingeqi amaphesenti ayisithupha nanhlanu. Futhi engxenyeni engaphakathi iziqhingi (izintaba, amagquma) embozwe abangeqile kwabathathu amaphesenti. Izimila esifundeni imelelwa wona, ulele (ikakhulukazi crustose), ulwelwe. Izitshalo eziqhakazayo e-Arctic presents blackgrass Alpine, Arctic pickerel, Buttercup, kamenolomkoy iqhwa, poppy Arctic. zinhlobo ezintathu namashumi ayisihlanu izitshalo ephakeme ungumhleli Arctic esiqhingini flora, ubunjalo okuyinto ngokuphongoza engxenyeni esenyakatho yaseningizimu.

Uma engxenyeni esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo Taimyr libhekene ehlane utshani-moss Arctic, eseningizimu - Eziqhingini okusha eSiberia - esikhundleni ehlane abampofu izihlahlana-moss nge obhekwe willow polar kanye saxifrage. Kodwa indawo ice yaseningizimu, futhi olunikezwa ehlane izihlahlana-moss Arctic - lena evuthiwe izihlahlana ungqimba ne willow elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye zasezindaweni ezibandayo Dryads.

Ngenxa yezimila eliphansi nezilwane ehlane arctic zone ayiyinhle kakhulu: lemmings nezimpungushe Arctic, amabhere futhi kwezinye izindawo reindeer, walruses nezimpawu. Ngo Greenland must inkabi kungatholakala. coast Rocky ehlobo - indawo wamakoloni lokushutheka zasolwandle. Loon kanye seagull, guillemot futhi omnyama guillemot, ihansi kanye, yebo, isikhova seqhwa limelela umbuso izinyoni abahlala kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu yasehlane ezineqhwa.