Isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky ebuciko: incazelo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo nezibuyekezo

U-Alexander Nevsky - indoda enhle nesikhulu, umlawuli wokubhala nokubhala, isibonelo sezingokomoya nokuziphatha, wadlala indima enkulu emlandweni waseRashiya. Akabonga kuphela ngenxa yenzalo yakhe, kodwa futhi kubantu abaphila ezikhathini zanamuhla, abadali abaningi abakhazimulisayo badumisa isithombe sakhe ngobuciko.

U-Alexander Nevsky: ubuntu emlandweni

Wonke umuntu owazi umlando uyazi umuntu onjalo njengo-Alexander Nevsky. WayenguMkhulukazi WaseRussia futhi wenza okuningi ekuthuthukiseni kwamandla, okwakuqinile emoyeni futhi kwaziwa ngamandla ayo.

Ungatshela okuningi ngokuphila kwesikhulu, kodwa kungcono ukubhala zonke iziqu zakhe ezizokutshela zonke izinto ngokwakho: isikhulu sikaNovgorod, isikhulu saseKiev, isikhulu sikaVladimir, umphathi wamabutho aseKivanvan Rus kanye nesonto elingcwele lama-Orthodox.

Phakathi neminyaka engu-42 yokuphila kwakhe ekhulwini le-13, isikhulu sakwazi ukuphatha okuningi, ngakho-ke iminyaka eminyaka isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky ngobuciko sidunyiswa emisebenzini eminingi. Futhi uqale nabantu abaphila nabo futhi baphele ngezinsuku zethu.

Isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky ngobuciko: isifinyeto

U-Alexander Nevsky ujwayele wonke umuntu, futhi igama lakhe lihlale lizwakala, ngakho-ke izitaladi, izikwele kanye nezindlela zokuhamba, futhi iSt. Petersburg uyisihlalo sasezulwini. Noma kunjalo, isithombe esingaphezu kwesisodwa sesikhulu asifinyelelanga ezinsukwini zethu, futhi wonke umuntu uyibona ngendlela yakhe. Isithombe sakhe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo sivela emisebenzini yobuciko ehlukahlukene , futhi ungabhala kafushane izikhombisi-ndlela:

• Izincwadi zakudala zaseRussia.
• Izinganekwane.
• Ubuciko obuhle.
• Ukulinganisa.
• Ukudweba.

Isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky emisebenzini yobuciko: incazelo

Ukubhala, ukudweba nokudweba kwezithonjana, ukubuka izithombe nomculo, ukudweba kanye nezakhiwo kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko, ngakho akufani nomunye. Kodwa ekuqondeni ngalunye kumele kube nomuntu obalulekile owavikela amazwe akhe nabantu bakhe, ebonisa ukuthi uyisibonelo.

Omunye angadala i-monologue isikhathi eside futhi acaphuna abantu abahlukahlukene mayelana nomuntu owayengumbusi, achaza impumelelo yakhe, ukuthi u-Alexander Nevsky usebenza kanjani emisebenzini yobuciko kaningi, kanti zonke izinhlobo zingacatshangwa ngokwehlukana ukuze ziqonde ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani njengomuntu ongokomlando.

U-Alexander Nevsky ekudwebeni

Isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky kwezobuciko sitholakala yonke indawo, futhi emdwebeni wayekhokha okuningi. Enye ingxenye yabaculi yakha izithombe zakhe futhi ekhonjiswa ngesikhathi sezimpi, enye ikhetha ukwakha umfanekiso wesanta, okholwayo abaningi namuhla abakhulekayo.

Ukuqala kokuqala komdwebo waseRussia kufakwe ngesimo somncanyana mayelana neMpi Yeqhwa ezincwadini ze-annals.

Isikhulu esidumile uNikolai Roerich, ebhala imidwebo eminingana, uVasnetsov, uKorin noMoller, nabo banaka uMdunkulu, noSerov nomdwebo wakhe odumile "u-Alexander Nevsky wangena ePhukov ngemuva kweMpi Yeqhwa".

Abaningi abaculi ababonisa uNevsky ngesikhathi sezimpi nezimpi, bambonisa njengomkhuzi oqinile futhi onesibindi, ngaphansi komyalo wakhe owedlule impi engaphezu kweyodwa.

Nevsky emisebenzini ye-Semiradsky

Isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky kubuciko obubukwayo sibonakala ngokucacile emidwebo ye-GI. Semiradsky. Ngo-1875, njengoba efundela i-Academy of Art eSt. Petersburg, wanikezwa ukuba enze imiidwebo emine eyanikezelwa eSt. U-Alexander Nevsky. Phakathi neminyaka, belahlekile, kodwa eMusimusi yaseMussia ungabona imidwebo eqinisekisa ukuthi ikhona.

Isihloko sokudweba asizange sikhethwe ngumculi ngokwakhe, kodwa saxoxwa yikhomishini ekhethekile ebeka izigaba ezilandelayo ezibalulekile empilweni yoMkhulu Omkhulu: lapho isikhulu sivakashele iBatu Khan lapho ethola amanxusa, usuku lokufa kwakhe, nesimangaliso esenzeka ngesikhathi sokungcwaba.

U-Semiradsky wakwazi ukwakha imidwebo emangalisayo lapho efaka khona ukubaluleka kumininingwane. Esikhathini sekhanda kuhlanganiswe ikhono elitholakala esikoleni semfundo, kanye nomthelela womculi waseJalimane uPiloti.

Izithombe ezibhaliwe, lapho isikhulu sibonakala khona phambi kombukeli ngumbusi osemusha onamandla, akazange afane nethempeli nhlobo. Ubungcwele enkosini kwakunzima ukuqagela, abantu abahlala njalo baphawula lokhu futhi babhala ngakho emaphephandabeni.

Alexander Nevsky nenkolo

Namuhla kubo bonke ama-Orthodox, u-Alexander Nevsky ungumsanta, othandazwa nsukuzonke ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu, ecela usizo futhi ebonga isimangaliso esenzekile. Kakade ngo-1280 wayehlonishwa njengomuntu ongcwele, kamuva isikhulu sasivunyelwa isonto. U-Alexander Nevsky uhlobene eduze nenkolo, futhi iboniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko.

I-Order yaseSt. Alexander Nevsky yasungulwa ngokomyalelo kaCatherine I, nase-USSR ngo-1942 enye eyadalwa, eyanikezwa ngezinsizakalo ezenzweni zempi.

Kunezithombe ezimbili ezidume kakhulu, enye yazo eyadalwa ngu-Ivan wesiGreki ekhulwini le-18.

Isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky kwezobuciko saboniswa ekwakheni kwamasonto emadolobheni ahlukahlukene aseRussia. EMoscow, itshe lokuqala lafakwa ensimini yebutho lempi ngo-1995 futhi lalingcweliswa ngu-Alexy II.

E-St. Petersburg ngo-1710 kwafakwa itshe lokuqala loZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele u-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, ukwakhiwa kwahlala isikhathi eside futhi kwaphazamiseka, kwaqedwa ngo-1790 kuphela. I-cathedral yayakhiwa nasePetrozavodsk ngekhulu le-19, nakuba ekuqaleni kwakuyisonto efektri, eyakhiwe ngeminikelo yabasebenzi.

Ungakwazi ukuhlela amathempeli, amasonto kanye nama-chapelakhelwe ngaphansi kwegama lika-Alexander Nevsky isikhathi eside, kodwa kubalulekile ukubiza amagama amadolobha lapho wonke umuntu angabona khona indawo engcwele: i-Yaroslavl, i-Veliky ne-Nizhny Novgorod, i-Yekaterinburg, i-Chelyabinsk, i-Pskov, i-Riga, i-Yalta, i-Tallinn nabanye abaningi, Kutholakala ngaphandle kweRussia.

Esikhathini se-cinema

Enye yezinhlobo ezibalulekile zenkambiso egcina inkumbulo yesikhulu is cinema. Ngo-1938 kulezi zikrini kwakukhona ifilimu "Alexander Nevsky" evela kumqondisi uSergei Eisenstein. Yanikezwa umklomelo weStalin futhi wamukelwe abantu, namuhla ungowokudweba okwejwayelekile we-1930s.

Ngomnyaka we-1941, ngesikhathi iMpi yamaKhotho eProatia eqala, ifilimu yabuyiselwa ukuqasha ukugcina umoya, bekuphumelela khulu. Le filimu yaqoshwa yibo bonke abadlali abathandekayo nabaziwa kakhulu : u-Nikolai Cherkasov, u- Nikolai Okhlopkov, u-Andrei Abrikosov nabanye.

Ifilimu iyenzeka ngo-1242. Impi namaSweden yayiphelile, amasosha aseTeutonic aqala ukuqhubeka eRussia. Umdwebo uphela ngempi eLake Peipsi.

Isithombe sika-A. Nevsky ubuciko, kufaka phakathi kule filimu, sibaluleke kakhulu. Isikhulu siyisiqhawe, ohlale ezama ukuvikela amazwe akhe nabantu bakhe.

Umsebenzi wezincwadi

Isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yobuciko, kuhlanganise nezincwadi, sasibizwa kakhulu ngabalobi kanye nezimbongi. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala ezincwadini kubonakala ngenxa yesimanje sika-prince. "Ukuphila kuka-Alexander Nevsky" kubhekisela ezikhumulweni ze-Ancient Rus, kuchaza ngokuxhaphazwa nesibindi sikaNevsky.

Ngo-1977, kwavela indaba mayelana nezenzakalo zekhulu le-13, lapho i-Novgorod igxeka ukuhlaselwa kwamaJalimane. Indaba ibhekisela ekupheleni komuntu ohlakaniphile, ocebile ngokwengqondo, oyindoda yaseRiphabhuliki yaseNovodod. Le ndaba ibizwa ngokuthi "Mfundisi Veliky Novgorod", yabhalwa nguD.M. I-Balashov.

Kuyathakazelisa ukubhala inkulumo-ye-trilogy "u-Alexander Nevsky" evela kumbhali S.P. Mosiah. Umsebenzi uqala ngokuchazwa kwamandla edolobheni laseVeliky Novgorod, ukubaluleka kwalo nenhloso yokuthatha amazwe angomakhelwane. Kodwa u-Novgorod akayeki, ngoba ekuziphenduleleni kwakhe kuphakanyiswa isikhulu kanye nomphathi wezempi ohlakaniphile uNevsky.

Umculo

Ngo-1938, umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe umqondisi uSergei Eisenstein nomqambi uProtefiev waqala. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womculi kwakuwukudala umdwebo womdwebo ngokuvumelana nemibono nemibono yakhe. Ngomculo, umqambi wakwazi ukudlulisela umfanekiso weqhawe owalwa empini, konke lokhu kwakuhlanganiswe nezigcawu ezihle kakhulu nezithombe zokucula.

Ukubonakaliswa kwesithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky kwacaca ngokucacile emsebenzini kaSergei Prokofiev, umculo wakhe owawubhalwe ngamazwi omlobi uLuvsvsky. Kwachazwa ngomsebenzi onjengo-cantata "u-Alexander Nevsky", ohlanganisa izingxenye eziyisikhombisa. Ingxenye ngayinye ihloselwe abadlali abahlukahlukene: i-soloist, i-choir noma i-orchestra kuye ngokuthi ingxenye: "Impi Yeqhwa", "I-Dead Field", "Abakwa-Crusaders e-Pskov", njll.

Izikhumbuzo zomlando

Isithombe sika-Alexander Nevsky ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zobuciko, kufaka phakathi ukudweba, okwakuboniswa ngabakhi abaningi, namuhla bangabonakala kulo lonke izwe. Okudume kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:

• Isikhumbuzo eSt. Petersburg, esakhiwe ngumdwebi u-Valentin Kozenyuk futhi safakwa ngo-2002 phambi komnyango ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Isikhumbuzo senziwe nge-granite ebomvu, futhi isibalo, ehlezi ehhashi, senziwa ngethusi.
• Ngo-1993, isikhumbuzo seNevsky eNtabeni iSokolikha sakhiwa eHokkov, njengoba kwakunjalo kuleli dolobha ngo-1242 lapho amaTeutonic Knights aseLake Peipsi anqotshwa khona. Umdali wesithombe uyingcweti uJoseph Kozlovsky.
• KuVeliky Novgorod kukhona nesikhumbuzo, esungulwa ngo-1985. Ngesikhumbuzo sokunqoba kweLake Peipsi, imikhosi yenziwa ngenhlonipho ukuze inkumbulo yomlawuli omkhulu. Esinye isikhumbuzo sabekwa phakathi kwedolobha phambi kwesonto laseBoris neGleb.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zikhumbuzo, kusekhona izikhumbuzo eMoscow, eRostov-on-Don, e-Alexandrov (esifundeni saseVladimir), eVladimir naseKursk.

Ukuhlola ubuntu bukaNevsky nemiphumela yokubusa kwakhe

U-Alexander Nevsky wayehlala futhi wabusa ekhulwini le-13 leminyaka elikude, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulwazi lufinyeleleka kanjani kulolu suku, akekho ongasho ngokuqinisekile. Abaningi-mlando babantu bakhe abalingani ngokulinganisela okuhle, ngezinye izikhathi imibono ihluke kakhulu.

Nokho, ngonyaka ka-2008 isikhulu saqanjwa ngokuthi "egameni laseRussia", futhi ngo-2016 waba ngumgcini wezinsizakalo zezwe laseRussia. Kunzima ukuphikisa ukuthi umfanekiso ka-Alexander Nevsky onobuciko ukhona emisebenzini eminingi eyavela ngezikhathi ezihluke ngokuphelele, udunyiswa futhi uthathwa njengenkulu.

Noma kunjalo, ukubuyekezwa mayelana nalomuntu akugcini nje kuphela. Ezinye izazi-mlando ziveza umbono wokuthi isikhulu sabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nombuso, kwaletha amaTatars emazweni aseRashiya, okwenza ubungane noSartak, owayeyindodana kaBatu, waze waze wangikhathaza umfowabo. Kodwa umuntu ngamunye ukhetha lokho okumele akholwe kukho, futhi lokho okwenzekile kakade akukwazi ukuguqulwa.