Moscow izinkanyezi ku Barricadnaya

Izinkanyezi ku Barricadnaya eMoscow ingenye esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi omdala eRussia. Lesi sakhiwo likhona uhlu ezikhangayo yenhloko-dolobha. Kumele wathi ukuthi uvakashela izinkanyezi Barricadnaya interesting hhayi kuphela izingane kodwa futhi abadala.

Umlando sokudalwa

Umqondo ukwakhiwa kwalesi izinkanyezi eMoscow iphutha eminyakeni yokuqala kwamandla Soviet. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke uMkhandlu dolobha wayesiqaphela isidingo sokuhlala imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Izinkanyezi ku Barricadnaya kuhlelwe ukwenza maphakathi okuyinto ukukhuthaza isayensi universe.

Ukuqalisa lo mbono ngo-1927, sidale umsebenzi okhethekile. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu ukuhola inqubo ekwakheni izinkanyezi. Ngaleyo minyaka, emhlabeni kwakukhona abayishumi nambili izakhiwo ezinjalo. Iningi lazo zitholakala eJalimane. Moscow izinkanyezi ku Barricadnaya baba nantathu.

ukuthuthukiswa Project futhi ekwakheni izakhiwo

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo izinkanyezi eMoscow Uhulumeni labelwe umxhwele ngesikhathi uxhaso isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isamba esikhulu semali edingekayo ukuthenga eJalimane, umshini wokudlala ekhethekile. Imishini yathengwa ngokuba Observatory, izindawo laboratory kanye cinema. I izinkanyezi Kwakuhlelwe ukuvula ube umtapo wezincwadi, i Museum yezinkanyezi kanye izithameli imisebenzi imibuthano cwaningo. Ngakho, onjiniyela iphrojekthi sixazulula inkinga yokudala lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa ezinkulu nyuvesi kazwelonke.

Sasisebenza ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane izinkanyezi abaklami abasha i-MO Barshch futhi MI Sinyavsky, ngubani kakade wayesaziwa emibuthanweni ethile. iphrojekthi base wadala isitayela constructivist futhi imfashini ngaleso sikhathi. Intuthuko, ngemva kwalokho ukwakhiwa.

Into wafakwa ukusebenza ekwindla ka 1929. Ngalesi sikhathi yaqedwa ukwakhiwa Dome isikrini bese uqedela ukufakwa imishini. Ukuze jikelele izinkanyezi yomphakathi eMoscow Barricadnaya kwaba evulekile kuphela ngoNovemba 5.

Ukuqalisa

Eminyakeni yokuqala ukhona, YaseMoscow izinkanyezi ku Barricadnaya kwadingeka izinhlelo ebanzi. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe uchungechunge emfushane izinkulumo. Nokho, kancane kancane, uhlelo linwetshelwe. Izivakashi bamenyiwe ukulalela ngokushesha ungakakwenzi ezintathu, njengakuqala, kodwa amane ababenze ukufunda abafundisayo oqeqeshiwe.

Kancane kancane kwenziwe ngcono imishini yezobuchwepheshe of "Abantu sika University". Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kuvulwa uphiko oluyisipesheli sidaliwe ku izinkanyezi, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "The ilanga liphuma." Wayesebenza kuze kube ngo-1994 ngu-1934 imishini izinkanyezi avunyelwe ukubonisa izivakashi indiza lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye izibani enyakatho, ukusitheka kwelanga Agasti starbursts. Mina wabonisa lapha Tsiolkovsky rocket, ephelezelwa umsila somlilo. Kuze zamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka Kwakukhona lonke izwe izinkanyezi ezingase abonise efanayo izivakashi zayo. Kwakuwusuku inani KN Shistovskogo, owayeyilungu unjiniyela abanamakhono futhi umqondisi lokuqala izinkanyezi eMoscow.

Ngo efanayo, ngo-1934 "People sika University" Ngajoyina emjikelezweni yezinkanyezi. Labetibambile lapha ubunjiniyela design izifundo. Ngemva kwalokho, abathweswa iziqu zabo baba abasunguli edume design bureau KB-7, lapho umshado ekuthuthukiseni okusamanzi-Propellant rocket.

Ngaphezu imisebenzi yocwaningo, izinkanyezi inikeza izivakashi umbono yamakhonsathi. main theme wabo - ukukhazinyuliswa izazi zezinkanyezi abadumile - uCopernicus, Giordano Bruno noGalileo.

Angizange ayeke umsebenzi walo izinkanyezi Barricadnaya futhi phakathi neminyaka yempi. Lapha, sifunda hhayi kuphela inkulumo evamile. Lonke umjikelezo lwenzelwe ukuqeqeshwa kwabashayeli bezindiza wezempi kanye intelligence izikhulu.

Life izinkanyezi emva Victory Omkhulu

ukwakhiwa site yezinkanyezi ukuthi kwenziwe eminyakeni post-yimpi. Kusukela lapho, kwase kulula ukuqapha lezi zindikimba zasemkhathini.

Kakade ngawo-1947 izinkanyezi ngesikhathi Barricadnaya (bheka ngezansi isithombe) kwaba lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo, kuhlanganise ihholo inkanyezi futhi foyer endaweni futhi Observatory yezinkanyezi.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakuwukuphela kwendawo kuphela ukunikeza ulwazi oluyilona olumayelana nokuhlenga isikhala. Kule ndaba, sekungamashumi amaningi eminyaka esikhathini internship izinkanyezi nokutadisha ilungiselelo izinkanyezi amatilosi esibhakabhakeni of yesikhathi eside zezindiza. Wavakashela eziyinkimbinkimbi Barricadnaya futhi osomkhathi esizayo. Lapha bahlolisisa navigation yasezulwini.

Inkathi isikhala ukunqoba

Izinkanyezi isiqongo salo sifinyelela ku 60s kwekhulu elidlule. Kwaba ngenkathi ekuqaleni ukunqoba isikhala. Kwelulwe kakhulu izinkanyezi izinhlelo Barricadnaya olwenziwa izivakashi, emva imishini ezinye. Ngakho, idivayisi entsha "izinkanyezi" wamiswa. Ngokungafani ubudala, kwadingeka ithuba elikhulu futhi isistimu ezenzakalelayo lomsebenzi. Nokho, cwilisa isikhathi sifika owaletha izinkanyezi la mavangeli. Ngo-1994 savalwa for ukuvuselela.

eziyinkimbinkimbi olusha

Ukulungiswa ngesikhathi eMoscow izinkanyezi eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa. Ngo-June 2011, ekugcineni ivulekile. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule eziyinkimbinkimbi iye kakhulu ngcono. endaweni yayo liye landa cishe ngasitfupha. Okwamanje, izinkanyezi ine indawo ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesikhombisa sq. Amamitha futhi yakhelwe ayinkulungwane izibukeli. Izivakashi Amathikithi abiza phakathi ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu yaba ezingamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi ruble. Inxanxathela nsuku kuthatha abantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu.

Esikhathini yokwamukela izivakashi izinkanyezi kuyinto umdwebo lesikhungo. On ke ungakwazi ukunquma indawo yakho bese uthole indlela yabo kanjani ukungena ihholo kwezinhloso zenzuzo. Isikimu ivolumu. Lapho ekhetha indawo yena uqala ukuze zikhanyise. Kuyinto elula kakhulu izivakashi. Uma ubunzima obuthile namanje kuphakama, kuba njalo kungenzeka ukuba ngilidlulisele abasebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto kuzosenza efanele.

Kuze kube manje, uhlelo olunzulu zemfundo kungaba ngizibonge izinkanyezi Barricadnaya. Izibuyekezo izivakashi eziningi ukukhombisa ukuthi ulwazi etholakale iyathakazelisa abantu abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene yolwazi kanye nobudala.

Ukuthandwa izinkanyezi usuphinde okukhulu. Kukhona ukufinyelela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinsukwini ezinkulumo. A indzawo lelungele wena, izinkambo elithakazelisayo iqhutshwe amahholo ahlukahlukene, ukuheha hhayi kuphela abahlali, kodwa futhi izivakashi enhlokodolobha.

Izinkanyezi Izivakashi nethuba uvuselele ulwazi lwabo yezinkanyezi. Ungenza lokhu kumagumbi eziningana, okuyinto zinama ku eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngamunye wabo uhlukile futhi kuwufanele ngokuvakashela indaba ephathwayo.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Urania

Leli kamelo Itholakala ingxenye endala eziyinkimbinkimbi. ezingeni lakhe lokuqala wethula izivakashi umlando we izinkanyezi, kanye ekuthuthukiseni izindlela isayensi ulwazi yonke.

Esikhathini Museum, izivakashi kuyakhexisa Urania sezinkanyezi-ngezinkanyezi. Uhlezi sizungezwe mikhondo Antique namabhuku, kanye nemishini ekhethekile.

Ngokulandelayo, izivakashi faka wokuhambela amagatsha, okwakuhlanganisa ziphephile ukwethula umlando we izinkanyezi. It eqoqwe inqwaba imibhalo nezithombe, ama-athikili namabhuku, ukunika amandla zibukeke nokuzala amaqiniso kanye nemicimbi eziphathelene eyinkimbinkimbi kusukela ngo-1929 kuze kube manje.

Ziphephile kunazo yesiteleka emelela imishini, okwakubekelwa ifakwe complex - idivayisi "izinkanyezi" (nge nenombolo ye-serial 313), owayesebenza kusukela ngo-1977 kuya ku-1994, kanye izingxenye yomculo igama elifanayo, esebenza kusukela 1926 kuya ku-1976. (Inombolo ye-serial 13). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sakhe ngosizo yokufakelwa yabo ikhanyisa esibhakabhakeni ku Dome.

Esikhathini Museum zikhona amawindi, okuyinto posted amathuluzi Goniometric kanye izibonakude, theodolites kanye alelo washi lika. Lokhu isihloko uhlole indawo Sea. Lokhu embukisweni uyakhumbula isitayela umkhumbi. Kukhona emphemeni futhi oseyili, isikhencezo isondo. Ngo amafasitela cylindrical ukuma ibekwe inkanyezi namabalazwe, kanye kumadivayisi ngawo kungenzeka ukuzulazula olwandle. It barograph futhi elinesisindo, sextant kanye ikhampasi Grappling, kanye isibonakude. Ngaphandle la mathuluzi, bekungeke kube khona ukwenza uhambo lomkhumbi kokutholakala.
Esikhathini elesibili Museum Urania izivakashi faka nezwe emangalisayo izindikimba zasezulwini. Lapha efakwe Globes Venus ne-Mars, iNyanga Nomhlaba. Lezi omakhelwane cosmic elilandelayo athé efana nomunye, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngendlela yabo ehlukile.

Ku-kummango enalokho kuthambekela, eyenziwe ngemabula, emelelwe imihlaba isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga, okuyinto isimo ama-. Nasi isikrini isiqophi obondeni. Ibonisa izithombe ezinemininingwane yezitho zasemkhathini ngaphakathi zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngaphezu ukuchayeka of emehlweni ezivakashi inikeza iqoqo emkhathini. Lezi nezidalwa ezihlala kwamanye amaplanethi kukhona okungavamile. Bona elicibilikile abe ukuma yinqaba futhi zishiswe ohlangothini. Zonke lezi amathrekhi basala Umkhathi.

Big Star Hall

Lena yindawo ku izinkanyezi. Igumbi elikhulu izici umkhatsi inkanyezi-screen. Ubukhulu bayo elingamamitha amabili nanhlanu. Kulesi ikamelo, imishini efakwe, kuyinto ukuziqhenya izinkanyezi. Ziyakwazi imoto "Universarium" optical fibre uhlobo, okuyinto yena uqagula nemfundo yezinkanyezi futhi umbono abanawo emhlabeni wonke.

Omkhulu Igumbi ihholo eyenzelwe izibukeli ezintathu namashumi ayisihlanu nesithupha. izihlalo ukhululekile baye ababehlezi backrests. Esikrinini Dome, izivakashi ubuke Iwumbono cishe namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye amaplanethi, izinkanyezi nemilaza.

esibhakabhakeni Park

Kulesi Igumbi ababuthene kokubili kumadivayisi lasendulo futhi entsha senzelwe ulwazi yonke. Yakhiwa kuya 800 weminyaka eMoscow.

esibhakabhakeni epaki - lokhu Luhambo eMoscow izinkanyezi. Ihlanganisa Observatory yezinkanyezi futhi i Museum evulekile. Ziphephile ahlelwe ngokuhambisana izigaba ezilandelayo eyinhloko isayensi lezinkanyezi: classical, lasendulo, ukufunda izinkanyezi isibonakude, kanye amandla elanga. Lapha linikezwa lonke iqoqo sundials.

Lunarium

Kuyinto interactive Museum, okuyinto oluthatha sesibili. Mina yakhelwe kuleli gumbi izingane ukwazi. Isisetshenziswa Lunariuma hhayi eliphansi kuya iminyuziyamu European eliphambili izikhungo isayensi.

Esichasiselweni inikeza ziphephile mayelana ayisishiyagalombili. Ngamunye wabo ubonisa imithetho physics kanye nezimo zemvelo ngendlela playful.

indawo

Uma unquma ukuvakashela izinkanyezi Barricadnaya, nokuthi ungafinyelela kanjani kulo? Ngeke kube nzima. Budebuduze izinkanyezi kuyinto metro station "Barrikadnaya." Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lesi Museum nokuzijabulisa eziyinkimbinkimbi ivaliwe ngoLwesibili. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukuba balungiselele evakashile, ukukhetha Uhlelo oyifunayo. It has a website izinkanyezi Barricadnaya esemthethweni (planetarium-moscow.ru). Kungasiza uthola kangcono izihloko kuhlelwe futhi uthenge ithikithi.