Naval Museum Petersburg. Peter Museum

Kusukela 1709 baqala ukubuthana amaqoqo zabo Naval Museum Petersburg. Yilokho lapho uPetru mina wakhipha umyalelo wokuba ukusungula imodeli kwekhamera. Lokhu ibinzana elisuka Dutch: imodeli-Kammer - Igumbi onobuhle. Ngakho, umkhumbi amamodeli imidwebo ezitholakala ekhaya yabo unomphela uhlobo igumbi ngokuba amasampula. Maphoyisa olusha ziphephile njalo ngesisekelo izenzo zomthetho.

1722 kwaphawula nokukhululwa kwe- "weMithethonqubo ukuphathwa ngisemsebenzini futhi Admiralty." Lithi master ngubani oqala ukwakha umkhumbi, kuzomele wenze omunye polumodel ebhodini, kanye nezinye nge umdwebo ukudlulisela Admiralty Board. Of XVIII isakhiwo ekhulwini liye lasinda ayisishiyagalombili.

Ukuthuthukiswa yashesha lebhizinisi shipbuilding kuye kwaholela yokuthi esikhundleni imodeli ngomumo eyenziwe inikeza imidwebo theory. Ukubaluleka esiwusizo weqoqo ababebuthene kuyehla kube zero, futhi 1805 imodeli-ikhamera aguqule zibe "Maritime Museum". Ngo-1908 wamukela igama Petra Velikogo Museum asolwandle zamanje. Petersburg, okufanayo ngo-1908: Museum igubha unyaka wayo 200th. Kwelulwe kakhulu futhi kabusha isikhala yayo embukisweni. Ngo-1924, Museum Sea Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Central. Lesi sihloko siyaqhubeka kube yilolu suku. Futhi wethu izinsuku, ngokuthi i-Naval Museum Petersburg has isihloko esifanayo. Ngezansi him he cishe emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa.

Phakathi khona kwedolobha izikhathi 2 - in 1720 futhi ngo-1991 (ngemuva kokuwa USSR) wathola igama Petersburg. Naval Museum ayishintshi igama layo ngisho manje, ukushintsha isikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe kuphela: ngo-2011 wayiswa isakhiwo ayengaphansi Kryukov (Marine) emabhalekisini. He is isihloko ifa yasolwandle omunye ezikhangayo lidala kunawo wonke eRussia. Naval Museum (Petersburg), futhi Igumbi elikhulu nezinto ezihlobene umlando ngoxhaxha emhlabeni.

I nokuchaza ehholo emaphakathi

Umlando izimoto Russian, kusukela ekuqaleni kuze October Revolution kuka-1917, unyaka umelwe ehholo emaphakathi. He is kunabo bonke amahholo anawo Naval Museum Petersburg ngesikhathi.

Kukhona isikebhe elincane uPetru I , amamodeli we imikhumbi kanye yempi ubudala 18-20. Phakathi rarities ehholo, kungashiwo ngokuthi isikebhe lasendulo kanye ngwenya. Ungishiya emlandweni ukuba kwakhiwe le ngwenya - sikuhlomele kuqala nge motor. Futhi, indawo enkulu zibekelwe izinto zokwakha ukuthi atshele ngokucacile mayelana iqhaza yemikhumbi Russian ezenzakalweni ezenzeka ngo-1917, kanye kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Izinto Navy Yombango inkathi

Isikhathi emelelwa yile ukuchayeka, esehlanganise iminyaka 1918-1922. Lapha konke ukhuluma mayelana ngesenzo nobuqhawe amatilosi ngesikhathi kulwiwa nokuthi kubonisa kokungenela angaphandle. Nazi izinsalela impi futhi umkhumbi onobuhle. Okungukuthi, ne torpedo tube ka umkhumbi "Panther", owacwila ngo-1919, waba umbhubhisi saseBrithani, futhi inganono 75-mm ukusuka umkhumbi "Admiral Zavoiko" ( "Red pennant"). Phakathi amamodeli, ungabona enemininingwane isifaniselo amancane umkhumbi "mackerel", kusakhiwo se-umchithi "Gabriel" nabanye.

Amagumbi we Navy-USSR 1922-1941 GG.

Kuyaphenywa izinto amahholo kwalesi sikhathi, ungafunda indlela yokuhlakulela imikhumbi ngesikhathi emva kulwiwa. ngokukhethekile kufanele inikwe imodeli wokuqala eSoviet shipbuilding impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu okuthiwa "Kirov". Ezinye zezitsha kwehholo kungabonwa sihleli e indaba izithombe yokutakula asolwandle amabutho abasebenzi abalungisi bethempeli kanye abatshuzi. Ingxenye enkulu embukisweni iphatha izenzakalo 1939-1940., Yikuphi senzeke neMpi Finnish. Lo mbukiso izici izimpahla iqhaza izenzakalo yaleyo minyaka, futhi imibhalo yokuqala.

Fleet Facilities WWII kwesikhathi

Of ukuchayeka, utshela kwesikhathi sokuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, ungafunda amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ekumeleleni eMoscow naseLeningrad, kanye iqhaza nobuqhawe aseBaltic Fleet e izimpi 1941-1942. Futhi ihholo ziphephile wazise izivakashi kukhululwe nokuvinjelwa Leningrad, kuhlanganise wezikhali namabutho asolwandle. Lisitshela yakhululwa kanjani eCrimea, Northern Norway kanye Arctic Soviet. Ngo amahholo Navy phakathi Okwesibili Umhlaba ungabona ezinye amamodeli we izindiza zempi kanye nemikhumbi, lempi imishini yezobuchwepheshe.

Ukunqoba Hall 1945

Naval Museum Petersburg bahlangana ngaphansi vaults yayo ziphephile eyingqayizivele Ehholo Victory. Ziningi amafulegi Russian nezibhengezo, izikhali uthathiwe imiklomelo. Ukuhlulwa Japan lingabacindezeli iqhaza imikhumbi Amur weqembu lemikhumbi nePacific Fleet. Ngo ukuveza yabo Naval Museum Petersburg, ibekwe umkhumbi amamodeli we zokwakheka lempi njengobufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwesihluku izinhlamvu ngokushesha izenzakalo kahle leyo minyaka. Ngokukhethekile kunikezwa izenzo lapho iqembu ngwenya S-13, i-Flood desyatipalubny cruise umkhumbi German "Wilhelm Gustloff". Ngo isssledovaniyah mlando asolwandle ngakwesokudla the emkhunjini ocwilayo lokhu usayizi ubizwa ngokuthi enye yezinhlekelele ezinkulu kakhulu.

Imyuziyamu yefa Petersburg

Russian Museum yenengi eyivula Petersburg. Qala ufake Kunstkamera, eyasungulwa ngo-1714, uPeter Omkhulu njengoba by "izimangaliso egumbini." Ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 iqoqo curiosities wakhula kakhulu kangangokuba banquma ukuhlala Curiosities eyakhelwe isakhiwo wakhe futhi kwavulwa emphakathini. Petersburg enye kwamasiko-zomlando art iminyuziyamu esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - i Hermitage, ogama iqoqo liqukethe abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu amayunithi izikhumbuzo isiko emhlabeni futhi art kusukela Stone Age kuya kweleshumi samanje.

Kuze kube manje, Petersburg has iminyuziyamu ezingaphezu kuka-200 futhi amagatsha amaqhawe azo. Peter iminyuziyamu zihlanganisa ngempi nomlando, izincwadi, ubuciko, futhi esigodlweni, epaki izinqolobane, zomlando, amasayithi ethnographic nemivubukulo neminye thematic embukisweni zemicimbi. Bonke wavakashelwa izinkulungwane zezivakashi minyaka yonke. Kuningi izivakashi bezinye izizwe ngoba Petersburg kuyinto "ifasitela eYurophu" is "zangena kuma" ngu-Peter I. Kuyinto esuka kulo muzi waqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo of the Empire, Russian njengombuso wezwe.