Ulimi WaseGrisi wasendulo: zamagama. Umlando isiGreki

ulimi WaseGrisi wasendulo kungokwalabo "ufile" isigaba: namuhla akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana umuntu owayeyoba ukuzisebenzisa enkulumweni yansuku zonke. Nokho, kuyinto lutho kodwa ukhohliwe futhi silahleka unomphela. amazwi ngamunye ngesiGreki lasendulo ungezwakala kuphi emhlabeni. Kungasizuzisa kakhulu ukuhlola zamagama, lolimi kanye pronunciation imithetho yakhe - okuyinto evamile kulezi zinsuku.

Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule

History of the ulimi yamaGreki aqala nge ayehlasela insimu ka ikusasa Greece izizwe Balkan. Kwathi phakathi xxi kanye XVII eminyaka. BC. Bafika okubizwa ngokuthi ulimi Proto-Greek, okuyinto uzoqala kamuva Mycenaean, sigodzi kwesikhathi classical, bese isiKoine (lwesigodi Aleksandriya) kanye nefomu yesimanje isiGreki. Wema uvela Indo-European, futhi esikhathini yokuzalwa, ukudlondlobala nokuwa isimo omkhulu uye washintsha eside.

ezifungelwe

Kuze kube Dorian ayehlasela Bronze Age, phezu kusukela XVI kuya BC XI leminyaka. e., eGreece eKrethe, ifomu Mycenaean ulimi esetshenziswa. Namuhla, kubhekwa version ngesiGreki eminingi yasendulo. Mycenaean kuze kube namuhla ezigcinwe ifomu zemibhalo eyabhalwa ezibhebheni zobumba kutholwe isiqhingi saseKrethe. amasampula umbhalo abahlukile (ingqikithi ayizinkulungwane 6) aqukethe ukuqoshwa ikakhulu kwezohwebo. Naphezu kolwazi obonakala ungelutho ezithwetshulwe kubo, ososayensi kunezimpawu kwambulwe eziningi ulwazi mayelana yizinto zesikhathi esidlule.

zezigodi

ulimi lwesiGreki sakuqala, njalo Umndeni wathola izici zayo siqu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zikhona izilimi zezigodi eziningana, okungamazwe ezihlanganiswe amaqembu amane:

• empumalanga: nazi ionic zezigodi Attica;

• Western: lwesigodi Doric;

• Arcade noma yuzhnoaheyskuyu Cyprus;

• Aeolian noma severoaheyskuyu.

Ngo ngenkathi yamaGreki, lwaqala ngemva kokunqoba kuka Aleksandra Makedonskogo, ngesisekelo lwesigodi Attica ka isiKoine wasesukuma ulimi Pan-Hellenic ukuthi liye lasakazekela lonke empumalanga yeMedithera. Kamuva, ngenxa "bavuke" sigodzi yesimanje kunazo yakhe.

alfabhethi

Namuhla, ngandlela-thile, cishe wonke umuntu isiGreki ajwayelekile. "Kwangathi" incwadi ( "tau"), kanye "Beta" incwadi, "Alpha", "i-sigma" nokunye asetshenziswa izibalo, i-physics kanye neminye imikhakha yesayensi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-alfabhethi, kanye lolulwimi cobo lwalo, kwakungangqubuzani emoyeni. He is ngaphakathi X noma IX ngo. BC. e. Kwakuthinta lathathwa izizwe waseFenike (waseKhanani). Amanani kokuqala izinhlamvu nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa waqhubeka amagama abo nokuhleleka.

EGrisi, kuyilapho kukhona izikhungo eziningana kwamasiko, futhi ngamunye bavuse izici zayo siqu e zamagama. Phakathi kwalezi ongakhetha wendawo kufanele obuyigugu kakhulu laseMilethu futhi Chalcis. Owokuqala uyoba uqala kamuva asetshenziswa waseByzantium. Kwaba Kirill bakhe mina Mefody wafaka isisekelo Slavic zamagama. Chalcis inketho bamukela lase libhujiswa ngemaRoma. Inguyise zamagama Latin, isasetshenziswa kulo eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

ulimi WaseGrisi wasendulo namuhla

Izizathu kungani inombolo ngokwanele ezinkulu zabantu namuhla ukufunda ulimi "ufile" ngokunqoba kwamaGreki asendulo, kubonakala sobala. Futhi nokho. Ukuze izazi wahlanganyela yezilimi ngokuqhathanisa nezikhonzi ahlobene, ukuqonda yasendulo yesiGreki - ingxenye umsebenzi. I Kungashiwo okufanayo we izifundo zamasiko, zefilosofi futhi izazi-mlando. Kubo, isiGreki sasendulo - ulimi emithonjeni eminingi eyinhloko. Yiqiniso, konke lokhu izincwadi ingafundwa futhi elihunyushwe. Nokho, ubani owake kuqhathaniswa original futhi "ingashintshwa" kuya enguqulweni ngolimi lwendawo, uyazi ukuthi ziyahlukahluka version evamile. Isizathu itholakala ukuthi ukuba nombono ongafani, ikakhulukazi umlando kanye nombono abantu. Zonke lezi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ziyabonakala embhalweni, yiguqulele futhi zikhiphe le nkulumo UNTRANSLATABLE kakhulu, ngokugcwele ukuthi kungaqondakala kuphela ngemva kokutadisha ulimi lwasekuqaleni.

Kuwufanele ukwazi esiGrekini abavubukuli nezazi numismatists. Ukuqonda ulimi kusiza dating, futhi kwezinye izimo kuyasiza ngokushesha ukunquma ukuthi lingamanga.

ukuboleka

Igama lasendulo YesiGreki Russian zixhaphakile ulimi. ngokuvamile esingasoze ngisho usola imvelaphi yabo, okubonisa zasendulo ukwazana. amagama Elena Andrew, Tatiana futhi Fedor beza kithi kusukela eGrisi lasendulo ngemva ukwamukelwa kobuKristu. Ezikhathini ukuhweba eqinile nezinye elala nakumaGreki baseByzantium ngolimi sezizwe zakwa Slavic weza amagama nezinkulumo eziningi ezintsha. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi "pancake", "Span", "uviniga", "unodoli". Namuhla, lezi futhi amazwi afanayo ziyinsakavukela kangangokuba kunzima ukukholelwa umsuka zazo zakwamanye amazwe.

Nezincwadi zesayensi ezindaweni ezahlukene kakhulu ulwazi kanye ngokoqobo igcwele ukuboleka kusukela yamaGreki asendulo. Ensimini ka Greece beza kithi amagama eyala ehlukahlukene (geography, ukufunda izinkanyezi, njll), ezombusazwe nezenhlalo (ohlanga, intando yeningi), kanye zokwelapha, zomculo, etemibhalo kanye neminye imibandela eziningi. Ngesikhathi inhliziyo amagama amasha elisho zazingekho Endulo, izinto kanye izenzakalo kukhona izimpande ngesiGreki, noma akhiwa ngokusebenzisa sicalo ngesiGreki (ifoni, isibonakhulu). Amanye amagama asetshenziswa namuhla, ngalahlekelwa incazelo yalo original. Ngakho, cybernetics eGreece yizinto zesikhathi esidlule ngokuthi ikhono usebenze bomkhumbi. Ngakho, ngisho nangemva kokuba amakhulu eminyaka amaningi kangaka, ulimi lasendulo abakhileyo yePeloponnese uhlala funa.