Military-Historical Museum of wezikhali, Engineers and Corps esiginali Ministry Defense Petersburg

Military Historical Museum of wezikhali ebutha iqoqo izingalo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300. Izimali agcinwa rarities eyaqala kusukela ngekhulu le-15, futhi izikhali zanamuhla ithwale sezikhali zenuzi. Esichasiselweni ugcwele uyathola zomlando, eziningi zazo abanalo analogue.

Umlando sokudalwa

Military-Historical Museum of wezikhali uvele Petersburg, kanye iningi ezikhangayo ekuqaleni komlando komuzi, entandweni uPetru I. Iqoqo lokuqala kusukela 1703 elise yezikhali, ngesikhathi Foundry Avenue, lapho ukugcina isibhamu ubudala. Izakhiwo zamanje, ku Kronverk le uPetru noPawulu Fortress, umnyuziyamu wathutha ngo-1869.

Ukwakhiwa kwaleli "corona oluqinisayo" (kronverka) lwaqalwa ngo-1705 ukuze kuvikelwe izindlela enyakatho enqabeni. Zonke umsebenzi ukwakha kwathatha 1709. ukwakhiwa Long imbangela yomlilo, owenzeka ngo-1706. Ngo izakhiwo izakhiwo ukuzivikela zafakwa emafektri - hlinzeka wezikhali, inganono, nazo ifakwe ngisemsebenzini, ibhalekisi isikaniso inqaba futhi isikhali isitoreji se-Preobrazhensky Regiment.

Ngo 1752, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenziwa, futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 wonke arsenal etholakalayo izikhali esandleni inqaba. Le ndawo yabizwa ngokuthi kronverka ukukhonza njengephayona partikuljarnoj igceke lemikhumbi. Ngo 1808, i-sakhiwo kwaku-School of shipbuilding futhi abahamba olwandle. Vula Kronwerk Museum of Umlando wamasosha ahlinzekwa uMbusi uNicholas mina, wabuye ehlongozwayo icebo. umsebenzi Design wabelwa umakhi PI Taman.

Kronwerk nge Museum

Isisekelo Isakhiwo saphela ngo-1851. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ne lontamo, ingaphakathi ngombala wahlanganyela wezakhiwo V K. Reyr. Leli bhilidi elinezitezi ezimbili has ukuma sehhashi, a mezzanine engaphezulu zemibukiso esitezi sokuqala.

Architecture mbumbulu okusikhumbuza European izinqaba izakhiwo Ephakathi. Ubude agudle Axial kuyinto 472 m, ukushuba izindonga zangaphandle nge front ingxenye cishe 1.8 amamitha, izingxenye yangaphakathi - 1.3 amamitha.

Nokuthuma senzeka ngo-1860, isakhiwo wayiswa endaweni ethile ye uMnyango wezikhali. Ngenyanga kaMasingana ngonyaka ozayo, i-Arsenal Old, okuyinto lalisenyakatho Foundry Avenue, waqala bavunyelwe ukuphatha izibhamu lapho indawo entsha ukuchayeka.

Kuvaliwe engxenyeni eseningizimu esangweni egcekeni futhi ensungubezini odongeni ngo-1861, futhi Kronverksky Strait agudle kwaleli chibi begqoke egwadle futhi marina ifakwe. Ngo-1868 sezitokisi ezingenalutho ejele elise iphiko kwesokudla, baguquka emahholo umnyuziyamu, lapho ukubeka izinsalela Museum wezikhali.

iqoqo umlando

Tsar uPetru ngineminyaka engu mathupha ahileleke ngokugcwalisa iqoqo, okuyinto ekhishwa isimemezelo esikhethekile, ethunyelwe idluliselwe kuzo zonke izimantshi of the Empire, Russian. Imibukiso ivela ezweni lonke, kusukela sifundazwe Smolensk kufika ku Ukucabangela 37 izibhamu (izibhamu izigqulo). Inkosi yathumela ngezikhathi nokuhlola izikhali bese ngokuvamile wathumela ukuba elicibilikile phansi izikhali ezintsha, futhi ukuqoqwa eyigugu kakhulu elikhulayo yezikhali.

Ligalelo ibhizinisi Museum nomthelela wonke umuntu ayenamandla wafuna. Ngo-1722 abathengisi F. P. Borsukov Anikeev ngokwabelana etholwe abaseSweden esinye sezikhali ye-master abadumile Russian Andreya Chohova - inganono "Inkosi Achilles" - inikelwe ukuba Museum. Gun "Inrog" wokubusa Ivana Groznogo alethwe inhloko-dolobha Johann German ezandleni uMnyango wezikhali, lapho waya igumbi. Yokusungula lokuqala iqoqo kwenziwe 1725, okuwunyaka isinqumo ukudluliselwa wonke amanani zomlando lempi Petersburg naseMoscow Kwabantu Ebusosheni-Historical Museum of wezikhali.

Iqoqo eliphelele ukuphila Museum uqalise nge ukubekwa kwayo ku Kronverk inqaba. ingxenye egcekeni ibekelwe izikhali esindayo. Ekuqaleni iqoqo wabizwa ngokuthi "Hall lwezinto ekhumbulekayo", kusukela ngo-1903 igama lashintshwa laba Historical Museum of wezikhali. Lodumo wathola emva 1872, lapho ingxenye embukisweni waba nengxenye Isentha Polytechnic, elalinikezelwe iminyaka engu-200th yokuzalwa uPetru I.

Ukuqala umsebenzi yesayensi

ucwaningo Yokuziphatha futhi imisebenzi yesayensi Museum owaqala ngokuvukela aphoyintimenti sakhe sokuba ngumqondisi we-mlando sezempi NE Brandenburg. Imizamo yakhe ayizange udale ingobo yomlando, umtapo, futhi waqala ukusakaza ibhuku. Izimali abangu agcwaliswa amagugu zomlando kusukela izinqolobane of the Empire, Russian - Kiev, Bryansk, Kazan, njll A ingxenye enkulu ukuqoqwa lidlule zezindela -. Solovetsky, Tikhvin, uCyril Belozersky, kanye izimali kwezinye izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano -. Armoury, Archaeological Commission, njll Iqoqo waqala ukwenza izinhlobo yesimanje kwezikhali.

Kusukela 1889, i-Museum isingathwe ukugubha iminyaka engu-500th of wezikhali Russian, okuyinto ingivusele umphakathi emasotjeni iqoqo, umtapo futhi imisebenzi sikhungo. AmaHholo Museum kuthatha izivakashi izinsuku ezintathu ngesonto, izinqolobane zokugcina umlando wezincwadi ayengamangalelwa ukusetshenziswa mlando sezempi, abacwaningi.

Revolution futhi impi

Lapho ukuvukela kuqala, Museum Military-zomlando ka wezikhali Petersburg waxoshelwa Yaroslavl ukuze songe imali. izikebhe emithathu eyayiqhele kakhulu olwandle ukuthumela ama-75% azo zonke izimali, lokulandisa ezingaphezu kuka 200,000 imibhalo ezigciniwe kanye 70,000 izinto eliyingqayizivele. Kodwa asikwazanga ukulondoloza khona zonke amagugu.

Insimu Spassky Monastery, lapho aqhubeka ziphephile futhi imibhalo, isibe inkundla ngoba uquqaba wamavukelambuso. Ukungqubuzana kwabangela umlilo, okuyinto ashisa amabhanela ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2, zonke Trophies kweMpi Yezwe I, mayelana 300 izinhlobo izikhali lasendulo. Futhi baphelelwa ingobo yomlando we nengxenye kwekhulu le-18 yesibili, ingxenye obonakele weqoqo egcinwe isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla.

umonakalo okukhulu yadala izikhukhula elafika eLeningrad ngo-1924, kodwa namanje abasebenzi wakwazi ukugcina konke abebengakwenza futhi ngandise ukuqoqwa ukuqhutshwa iminyuziyamu 27.

Nokuvinjelwa lezeMpi-Historical Museum of wezikhali (Petersburg) yayisiboshwe kaningi ngaphansi amabhomu, kodwa izimali ezisele yokukhosela ephephile futhi bagcwala izikhali athumba nezinto ezingcwele ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngo-1946 i Museum wayiswa e-Ofisini Academy of wezikhali Sciences. Eyokuqala post-yimpi embukisweni wavula Novemba 24, 1946, wayezinikele ngokuphelele izinsalela impi esidlule. Kwakuwukuthi Museum wasiza ekumiseni ngokujulile ukuqoqwa behlangene, ukukhulula lwemibhalo amaningi, ahlele umhlangano futhi ukuhlola amathuba ukudalwa izimo ezifanele yokugcina izinto ezibalulekile.

Ukuhlanganisa lezi zingosi izimali

Kusukela ngo-1948, i-Museum Military-zomlando ka wezikhali waqala ukukhipha enomthamo omningi ukushicilelwa ku umlando wezikhali waseRussia. Ngo-1963, izimali abangu agcwaliswa iqoqo Central Historical Museum of Military Engineering, okuyinto bahlangana engaphezu kwengu-150. Iqoqo lihlanganisa zomlando onobuhle indawo amasosha izimpi neMpi Patriotic ngokumelene Napoleon e 1812, umkhankaso Russian-Turkish ka 1877-1878, Elikhulu Northern War of 1700-1721.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Military-zomlando wezimpi ubunjiniyela agcwaliswa nge nemibukiso ezintsha kanye zomlando ngo-1965, lapho bajoyine Military Museum of Communications. Phakathi izinsalela eyigugu - lo yocingo yokuqala kagesi e 1832, kusungulwe PL Shilling, umsakazo A. S. Popova e 1895. isithakazelo esikhulu iyona Baudot yocingo, okuyothi umlayezo umaluju ephelele eJalimane yatholwa ngo-1945.

ukukhulisa Landelayo kwakubangelwa bathunyelwe Umlando wamasosha Museum Amaqoqo yendlu-Museum of M. Kutuzov, itholakala ePoland. Ngokukhethekile Kutuzov Hall yadalelwa izinto waleli qoqo.

incazelo

Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje Museum Military-zomlando ka wezikhali iyiqoqo elikhulu kunawo zezimpahla zenani elikhulu futhi imibhalo hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi emhlabeni. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga kronverka wabuthela iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke izikhali zomlando, imibhalo ezigciniwe, lempi imishini ubunjiniyela, imiklomelo kanye amafulegi of nangenkathi ezahlukene, izikhali ezincane nezikhali imimese. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe amahholo ahlotshiswe imidwebo ngu zamaciko adumile, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ekumeni of sababusi futhi ojenene.

izimali Mutual elise amahholo 13 nge endaweni Imininingwane ihlanganisa ayizinkulungwane 17 square metres. Isikhwama Museum siqukethe ayizinkulungwane 850 izinto eliyingqayizivele isithakazelo yesayensi, ngomlando nangamagugu obuciko. I ukunakekela komphakathi kanye ososayensi Ustiug ukudla (14-16 ekhulwini), izibhamu gunsmith uJakobe zangekhulu le-15 leminyaka, rifled isikhali 16-18 eminyaka.

Ukuziqhenya iqoqo kukhona kokusungulwa amakhosi Russian izikhali - Mosina S. I., A. P. Engelgarda, V. S. Baranovskogo futhi yakhula kakhulu emhlabeni ukubaluleka iqoqo izikhali ezincane nezikhali zempi bladed. Ezinye ziphephile eyethulwe abaklami, njengemoto Kalashnikov isibhamu.

Inani yobuciko kanye komlando ngaphambili kettledrum inqola, eyenziwe izingcweti Russian futhi senzelwe nokukhishwa inganono amancane ifulege amabutho ezihlekisayo Tsar uPetru I. zezitsha amakamelo ayatholakala cishe zonke imiklomelo lempi ababusi isiRashiya, Imikhiqizo kusukela crystal, imisebenzi esiliva zamaciko adumile besikhathi sakhe, isikhali siqu ojenene eziningi, ababusi Soviet abakhuzi bempi.

ebaleni lokudlala ongaphandle

Ngo-2002, ngemva kabusha embukisweni asanda kuvulwa, elise egcekeni Museum. It ithatha indawo engaphezu kuka 2 hectares, ukwakheka iqoqo waqala in the 50s ekuseni. Vula ukufinyelela izivakashi uphiwa abangaphezu kuka-250 amakhophi wezikhali izibhamu uya khona, ama-missile izikhali, izindlela zokuxhumana kanye nobuchwepheshe ubunjiniyela izicelo ezempi.

Iqoqo lihlanganisa imishini zokukhiqiza ezifuywayo angaphandle, esehlanganise izinkathi ezahlukene zomlando - kusukela lasendulo kumathuluzi yesimanje sokusebenzisa isikhali. Isivakashi nazane nge imishini self ezinezinjini futhi towed, anti-aircraft amayunithi, kuhlanganise amayunithi nge bephethe sezikhali zenuzi. intshisekelo omkhulu ungaphakathi omdala futhi ukuchayeka zezingane, hambo okuyinto uqhuba Museum Military-zomlando ka wezikhali. Izithombe eziphathelene nezempi nokunye Sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela baba ingxenye esiyisibopho Uhlelo ukuvakashelwa.

I Maltese isakhiwo yesonto ukudala omunye amagatsha Museum, it is esizinikezele umlando ekudalweni nokusatshalaliswa amabutho ubusosha esimweni Russian. Lesi sakhiwo hhayi ngephutha. Lakhiwa umakhi abadumile Quarenghi futhi iyingxenye Ensemble we Vorontsov Palace, ngaphambi yafakwa Page Corps of Imperial seNkosi.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yezindaba zemihla amabutho ubusosha uzokutshela indaba Kadetstvo eRussia kuze kufinyelele 1917, ukunyakaza ubusosha ekudingisweni. ekhombisa Special abazinikele esikoleni ekhethekile yezempi - Suvorov futhi Nakhimov, wokulungiselela, futhi kuyobonisa ukuthi ukuvuselelwa izikole lempi eRussia namuhla indlela.

embukisweni unomphela

embukisweni unomphela lenzelwa phezu amahholo 13. On the zezitsha ethulwa abandayo, isibhamu, izibhamu, ezempi kanye imishini zobunjiniyela, ukuxhumana kusuka lamabandla okuqala kakhulu izakhiwo zesimanje, imiklomelo, amafulegi wezempi, sibonakalisa umlando wezikhali izikhali kwezinhloko zamaviyo kusukela ngekhulu le-14.

AmaHholo Museum:

• Umlando wezikhali izikhali kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo kwekhulu le-19.
• Umlando wezikhali amasosha nezikhali phambi 1917.
• Mikhail Kutuzov kanye neMpi Yezwe II.
• Umlando wezikhali amabutho period eminyakeni 1918-1941.
• 2 amakamelo ozinikele wezikhali inkathi 1941-1945 Omkhulu Patriotic neMpi isikhathi.
• Umlando yentuthuko missile.
• Engineer amasosha Russian inkathi yangaphambi izinguquko.
• Army Corps of Engineers kusukela 1917.
• Kalashnikov Hall.
• Signalers phakathi neMpi Yezwe II (1941-1945 g).
• Umlando Lokudabuka nokuthuthukiswa Signal Corps.
• Ehholo umlando European isikhali 15-17 eminyaka.
• Umlando ezigungu ubusosha, izikole Russian lempi.
• ebaleni lokudlala Outdoor.

nemibukiso

Ngaphandle esichasiselweni unomphela, nemibukiso, ukubekwa, umnyuziyamu labetibambile okuyizinto ikakhulukazi amagumbi ezinkulu nezincane umhlangano. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ezivakashelwa kakhulu babe "Izikhali kwekhulu lama-20", "Gun legend kwekhulu lama-20", "Special Forces elwa nobuphekula" kanye nabanye abaningi.

Iphosta e 2017 inikeza ukuvakashela embukisweni:

• "Ukhozi Russian emazweni aseBalkan" (liyokuma kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-January 31, 2018). Enikelwe weminyaka engu 140th we impi Russian-Turkish.
• "Isikhathi sasihlangana ukulwa regiments ..." (iphela ekupheleni September 2017). Exposure ucabangela nocezu isikhathi imicimbi kanye Biography of uLieutenant General VE Taranovich.
• "Ukunqoba Design" (evulekile uSepthemba 2017). Enikelwe weminyaka engu 120th we umklami isibhamu-umshini PCA WWII G. S. Shpagina.
• "Kwezinzwa fortune D. Brianchaninov" (kuze kube sekupheleni May 2017). Utshela ngokuphila, futhi isiphetho imisebenzi St Ignatius Brianchaninov.
• "Kusukela OSAVIAHIMa ukuze Yunarmii" (uSepthemba 30, 2017). Enikelwe umlando izikole DOSAAF.

nemibukiso lesikhashana guided izinkambo, okuzoba ezithakazelisayo abadala kanye nezingane.

Izibuyekezo

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Military-zomlando ka wezikhali Izibuyekezo amamaki omuhle etholakele ukuphelela, laba yifa zomlando ocebile, ukhwaliti izinkambo nokwatholakala ezingalindelekile ukuthi wenze zonke izivakashi ngokufaka amakamelo. Izivakashi waphawula isabelomali ithikithi amanani nokuvumela bethwebula embukisweni main, kanye nokufinyelela khulula endaweni evulekile.

Zonke izivakashi wesilisa kusimangaze eyiqiniso, kahle walondoloza izinhlobo ezingavamile kwezikhali. Esichasiselweni kwaba interesting hhayi kuphela izivakashi besilisa, abantu abaningi baye bathola wobulili fair. Izivakashi ukuncoma ngokufudumele ukuba uvakashele Museum futhi kunenkolelo yokuthi, ukumshaya kanye, bonke abantu abayofuna ubuye ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa.

impendulo engeyinhle, kodwa kukhona izikhalazo mayelana ukukhanyisa abampofu amakamelo ezithile, izici sifushane kakhulu futhi Eqinisweni amashidi babe ziphephile ezithakazelisayo.

ulwazi oluwusizo

Lapho Military-Historical Museum of wezikhali? Ikheli ke: Petersburg, u-Alexander Park, Ukwakha 7 (Art "Gorky" kaMasipala.).

Ukwamukelwa:

• Abadala - ruble 400.
• Ezinganeni - ruble 250.
• imikhakha noku sabantu - ruble 250.
• Ukuze abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme, abafundi esikoleni sokufundela, impesheni - ruble 100.

Inkokhelo by lokukhokha imali, amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu awamukelekile. Ucingo imininingwane eyisisekelo ingatholakala kwi-website esemthethweni, okuyinto Yiqiniso, iyona Military-Historical Museum of wezikhali.

Imodi yokusebenza ye amahholo embukisweni - 11: 00-18: 00, ngezimpelasonto - ngoMsombuluko futhi njalo ngoLwesine lokugcina enyangeni.

Akukhona nje ezidayiswa Military-Historical Museum ezithakazelisayo of wezikhali. Umlando kubonakala imibhalo, ebulungelweni, izincwadi zomlando, ukuhlangabezana okungaba emtatsheni isikhungo sesayensi. Amahora - ngoLwesibili nangoLwesine (11: 00-17: 00), ahlukaniswe ezigciniwe imibhalo evulekile ngoLwezithathu nangoLwezihlanu (10: 00-16: 30).