Izimiso kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha, izibonelo

"Akukho muntu lokho bekuyofana nokuphuma isiqhingi"
(Dzhon Donn)

Umphakathi yakhiwa abantu abaningi abagcina zifana ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa futhi ezahlukene kakhulu nemiqondo nokubukwa isipiliyoni emhlabeni futhi bezibona ngokoqobo yabo. Ukuziphatha - into esisihlanganisayo-ke, yilowo imithetho ekhethekile yokutholwa emphakathini wesintu, futhi ngemva ngokuchaza Izinto ezivame ukubonakala njalo isigaba plan onjalo, njengoba okuhle nokubi, kokulungile nokungalungile, okuhle nokubi.

Zokuziphatha lichazwa ngokuthi nemithetho yokuziphatha emphakathini ukuthi engimbumbile phakathi neminyaka futhi asetshenziselwa ekwakhekeni kwezicubu umuntu kuwo. Igama elithi livela lesiLatin elithi mores, okusho ukuthi imithetho yokutholwa umphakathi.

izici zokuziphatha

Ngo nokuziphatha, okuyinto ngezindlela eziningi kubalulekile ukulawulwa ukuzwana nabantu, kukhona izici eziningana eziyisisekelo. Ngakho, izimfuneko zawo okuyisidingo kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi ziyafana kungakhathaliseki isikhundla. Ziyakwazi ngisho izimo ongaphandle kwendawo wemfanelo izimiso zomthetho kanye kusebenza kulezi zici zokuphila njengoba lokusungula, isayensi kanye nezimboni.

Kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi, ngamanye amagama isiko, sokukhulumisana okwakhayo phakathi abacacisiwe namaqembu abantu, ake "abakhuluma ulimi olufanayo." izimiso zomthetho ebekwa umphakathi, futhi ukwehluleka kwabo balithwale kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Amasiko kanye nezinkambiso zokuziphatha njengoba yokuzithandela, ilungu lomphakathi ngamunye amukela ngaphandle nokuphoqwa.

Izinhlobo kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha wamukele ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho, emphakathini bakudala kwaba isimiso obungenakuphikwa ngakho njengoba kube yinto enqatshelwe. Abantu ababebekwe wamemezela njengoba yokudlulisela intando yonkulunkulu, akuvunyelwe ezilungisiwe njengoba izenzo kungavunyelwe ezingase zisongele wonke umphakathi. Ngokwephulwa yabo nakanjani kulandele sijeziso esinzima: ukufa noma ekudingisweni, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi kwaba okufanayo. Taboo namanje ezigcinwe abaningi emiphakathini yamasiko. Lapha, njengoba lezi zibonelo zokuziphatha: akunakwenzeka ukuhlala ethempelini, uma umuntu ingeyona le lombhalo kwabefundisi; Awukwazi ukuba izingane okuthile okulimazayo ezihlotsheni zawo.

ngokwezifiso

Ukuziphatha is babengagcini nje ngokwamukela ngenxa ukuhoxiswa ezinye onesiqongo, kungaba ngokwezifiso. He is inqubo iterative, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuze silondoloze umbono othile emphakathini. Emazweni Muslim, isibonelo, kuyisiko ohlonishwa kakhulu kunamanye zokuziphatha. Customs okusekelwe ezinkolelweni, e-Asia Ephakathi lalingabiza izimpilo. Kithi, ejwayele xaxa isiko European, kuba Analogue yomthetho. It has nomphumela ofanako nakithi njengoba amaSulumane ezindinganisweni bendabuko zokuziphatha. Izibonelo kulokhu kuvinjelwe ukuphuza utshwala, kukhiyiwe izingubo kwabesifazane. Ukuze umphakathi wethu Slavic-European kuyisiko: pancake ku Shrovetide, ukugubha uNyaka Omusha WamaShayina nge isihlahla.

Phakathi izindinganiso zokuziphatha futhi ukugqamisa isiko - izinqubo nezindlela zokuziphatha ezimbi ukuthi iqhubeka isikhathi eside, eyadluliselwa isuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. A uhlobo namazinga bendabuko zokuziphatha, izibonelo. Kulokhu, lezi zibandakanya: ukugubha uNcibijane nge isihlahla sikaKhisimusi kanye nezipho kungaba endaweni ethile, noma ukuya okugeza loNyaka Omusha.

amalungelo ngokokuziphatha nangokomthetho,

Kukhona imithetho yokuziphatha - the nemithetho yomphakathi ukuthi abantu uyaqaphela inquma yena futhi inamathele leso sinqumo, kokunquma ukuthi kwaba uyamukeleka kuye. Ngokuba abanjalo izibonelo zokuziphatha kulokhu: akhale abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu asebekhulile, kuphazamise izandla nowesifazane uma wena uphume imoto, vula umnyango ngowesifazane.

umsebenzi izimiso zokuhle

Omunye wemisebenzi kuhlolwe. Zokuziphatha uhlola izenzakalo nezenzo ezenzeka emphakathini, ngokuya usizo noma ingozi sokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe bese ekhipha isinqumo. Zonke izinhlobo ngokoqobo izwakalwa ngokuya okuhle nokubi, sakha isimo lapho ngamunye ukubonakaliswa yayo kungahlolwa okuhle nokubi. Nge lesi sici, ukuqonda indawo yakhe emhlabeni futhi ukuthatha isikhundla.

Ayikho ebaluleke kancane umsebenzi zokulawula. I zokuziphatha ithonya asebenzayo tebantfu, ngokuvamile esebenza ungcono umkhawulo kwezomthetho. Kusukela ebuntwaneni ngemfundo, ilungu umphakathi ngamunye kwakhiwa ukubukwa ngandlela-thile lokho kungenziwa nalokho abakwazi, futhi lokhu kusiza ukuba alungise ukuziphatha kwabo ngendlela yokuthi liyasiza uqobo kanye nentuthuko bebonke. zokuziphatha ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ukubukwa sangaphakathi umuntu, bese ngokuziphatha kwayo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi amaqembu abantu, ukuvumela isilonda ukulondoloza imodi ukuzinza namasiko.

Umsebenzi wokufundisa zokuziphatha lubonakaliswa yokuthi ushukunyiswa yiwo umuntu eqala ukugxila hhayi kuphela nezidingo zabo, kodwa linikeza izidingo nabantu ababemzungezile, nasemphakathini wonkana. Iqaphela ukubaluleka muntu Kumiswa kanye nezidingo zabanye amalungu omphakathi, nakho kwenza ukuba sihloniphane. Man uyawuthanda inkululeko yakhe nje kungaphuli nenkululeko yabanye. kwezifiso Zokuziphatha, efanayo abantu ezahlukene, ebasiza ukuba uqonde kangcono ukuthi nomunye futhi isebenzisane ngokubambisana okunokuthula, omuhle ezinomthelela ukuthuthukiswa ngamunye kubo.

Ukuziphatha ngenxa kwemvelo

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuziphatha sonke isikhathi wempilo we umphakathi zihlanganisa nesidingo sokuba enze izenzo ezinhle hhayi ukulimaza abantu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhundla abanaso, lokho ubuzwe ukuyiphi, kukhona abalandeli lwanoma iyiphi inkolo.

Izimiso kanye nezinkambiso zokuziphatha sasidingeka ngokushesha njengoba abantu basebenzisane. Kuyinto ukuvela umphakathi futhi wadala. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo, ukugxila ekutadisheni kwemvelo, bethi ngokwemvelo kukhona isimiso nekuzuza, okuyinto luyasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa nokuziphatha komphakathi wesintu. Zonke izilwane ezihlala umphakathi, baphoqwa ukuba lungadambisa izidingo zabo zobugovu ukuba eseziqonda kakhudlwana impilo esizayo.

Ososayensi abaningi zokuziphatha ubonakala umphumela kwemvelo kwezenhlalo emphakathini wabantu, njengokungathi ukubonakaliswa zemvelo. Bathi izimiso eziningi kanye nezinkambiso zokuziphatha, okuyizinto ayisisekelo, ezakhiwe ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo, lapho ukusinda kuphela labo bantu abangakwazi kahle ukuxhumana nabanye. Ngakho, ngo-isibonelo umphumela uthando lwabazali ebonisa isidingo sokuvikela inzalo yonke izinsongo zangaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe Ukuqhubeka kwalezi zilwane zikhona, futhi kuvinjelwe ukulala nesihlobo, okuyinto silondoloze labantu nokuwohloka kwesimiso ngokuxuba izakhi zofuzo ezifanayo kakhulu, okuholela izingane ababuthakathaka.

Humanism njengoba isimiso zokuziphatha eziyisisekelo

Humanism kuyinto nesimiso esiyisisekelo kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha zomphakathi. Libhekisela inkolelo yokuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokubumba noma lokuba injabulo futhi Beschetnov banikelwe amathuba amanengi lelilungelo ukuthengisa, nokuthi isisekelo zonke umphakathi kufanele isekelwe enkolelweni lowo nalowo obambe iqhaza ibalulekile futhi uyakufanelekela Ukuvikelwa kanye nenkululeko .

Umqondo oyinhloko zobuntu ungaboniswa umthetho owaziwa: ". Phatha abanye ngendlela ofuna bakuphathe ngayo" Omunye umuntu kulesi simiso ithathwa njengabafanelwe zezinzuzo ezifanayo ukuthi umuntu othize.

Humanism kusho ukuthi umphakathi kufanele icinisekise amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo ezifana unelungelo lempilo, bangasephula ekhaya futhi ukubhalelana, inkululeko engokwenkolo neyokuqhuba ukukhetha lokuhlala, mthetho ngempoqo. Umphakathi kufanele silwele ukusekela abantu, ngoba noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, kungagcini amakhono abo. Ikhono lokwamukela abantu abanjalo ihlukanisa emphakathini wabantu akaphili ngokuvumelana nemithetho yemvelo ne kwemvelo, ligxeke ekufeni aluqinile. Humanism futhi idala amathuba okuthi enjabulweni yabantu, beyizidalwa eziphakeme kunazo zonke okuyinto ukugcwaliseka ulwazi namakhono akhe.

Humanism deku nokuziphatha komuntu

Humanism esikhathini sethu idonsela ukunakekela umphakathi ukuba izinkinga zabantu ezifana lwempi yenuzi, izinsongo kwemvelo, isidingo sokuthuthukisa non-imfucuza ubuchwepheshe kanye ukunciphisa izinga zokukhiqiza. Uthi containment izidingo nokubandakanyeka bonke ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezibhekene zonke umphakathi, singenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa ekuqwashiseni, ukuthuthukiswa ingokomoya. It yakha zokuziphatha jikelele.

Mercy njengoba izimiso eziyinhloko zokuziphatha

Ngaphansi esiza abantulayo ukuqonda ukuzimisela komuntu ukusiza abantu abadinga usizo kubantu ukuzwelana nabo, niqonda kubo njengoba ukuhlupheka yabo futhi abafuna adambise ukuhlupheka kwabo. Izinkolo eziningi kuthiwa ukulalelisisa lesi simiso zokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi Buddhism nobuKristu. Ukuze umuntu waba nomusa, kubalulekile ukuthi kwakungewona division zabantu zibe "kithi" nesivumelwano esithi "kubo" ukuthi wabona ngamunye "yabo".

Okwamanje ukugcizelela kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi omunye kufanele ngenkuthalo ukusiza labo abadinga isihe, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi hhayi kuphela unikeza usizo olungokoqobo, kodwa futhi wayezimisele ukuthatha ukusekela ngokokuziphatha.

Ukulingana njengoba isimiso esiyisisekelo zokuziphatha

Kusukela umbono zokuziphatha, ukulingana kudinga izenzo zomuntu Kuhlolwe kungakhathaliseki isimo sabo emphakathini nengcebo, kodwa iphuzu jikelele buka, ukuthi indlela nokuziphatha kwabantu kwaba jikelele. Lolu hlobo simo kungaba kuphela kumphakathi evuthiwe ukuthi ifinyelele ezingeni elithile ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho kanye namasiko.

Ukukhathalela abanye ngempela kuphakamisa njengoba isimiso zokuziphatha eziyisisekelo

Lomgomo zokuziphatha ungaboniswa ibinzana "Wothanda umakhelwane wakho njengalokhu uzithanda wena." Ukukhathalela abanye ngempela kuphakamisa Libonisa ukuthi umuntu uyakwazi ukwenza okuthile okuhle komunye umuntu mahhala, ngeke kube isevisi kumele iphendulwe, futhi ngokubhuduzela ongenabugovu. Lesi simiso sokuziphatha kubaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wanamuhla, lapho ukuphila emadolobheni amakhulu kuhlukanisa abantu kusuka komunye nomunye, idala umuzwa wokuthi uyabakhathalela umakhelwane wakho kungeyisikho ngabomo akunakwenzeka.

Ziyasebenza Yini Izindinganiso Zokuziphatha kanye noMthetho

Kwesokudla nokuziphatha in close contact, ngoba kwakha umthetho emphakathini, kodwa ube eziningi umehluko omkhulu. Isilinganiso umthetho nokuziphatha kuba ukuphuma ngaso linye kwabo.

Umthetho zibhalwa futhi isakhiwa nguhulumende njengoba imithetho kuphoqelekile lokungalandeli umthetho okuyinto zama kahle. Njengoba isilinganiso isebenzisa imikhakha zomthetho futhi ezingekho emthethweni, futhi lokhu kuyinto ukuhlolwa Inhloso eyakhelwe elawula imibhalo efana uMthethosisekelo kanye amakhodi ehlukahlukene.

kwezinkambiso Kwesimilo izimiso nezimo xaxa, futhi abantu ehlukene kungaba waqonda ngezindlela ezahlukene, futhi kungase kuxhomeke isimo. Zikhona emphakathini ngesimo imithetho, okuyinto kuthiwa ngocansi kusukela komunye umuntu futhi ungalokothi bodokotela. zokuziphatha kokuhlaziywa ngempela subjective waveza umqondo "kwesokudla" futhi "esibi," lokungalandeli umthetho kwezinye izimo kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina ngaphezu ukhuze yomphakathi noma ulahle nje. Ngenxa yokwephula izimiso womuntu zokuziphatha kungaholela wahlushwa unembeza.

Ubuhlobo umthetho futhi kuhlanzekile ngokokuziphatha usukela ezimweni eziningi. Ngakho, izimiso zokuziphatha, "Ungabulali," "Awuyikupheka ukweba" ifana imithetho ebekiwe Criminal Code, ukuthi kuhlaselwa abantu nempahla yabo kuholela bemangalelwa ngamacala obugebengu futhi bangaboshwa nokuboshwa. Futhi ukungqubuzana okungenzeka izimiso, lapho kwakuyokwephula umthetho - ezifana mthetho ezweni lethu ukubulawa kwesiguli, okuyinto uthathwa njengomgcini ekubulaweni kwendoda - kungenziwa walungisiswa ngokuvumelana nalokho okukholelwayo zokuziphatha - endoda ngokwayo engafuni ukuhlala, alikho ithemba zokululama, ukugula umbangela ubuhlungu babulawa.

Ngakho, umehluko phakathi komthetho futhi kuhlanzekile ngokokuziphatha sivezwe kuphela nomthetho.

isiphetho

zokuziphatha azalelwa emphakathini inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukubukeka kwabo akuyona ngephutha. Bakhandwa okudingekayo ngaphambi, ukugcina umphakathi kanye uyowulondela kusukela zombango, futhi namanje ukwenza lezi kanye neminye imisebenzi, ukuthuthukisa kanye sithuthuka emphakathini. zokuziphatha kwaba kanye izohlala iyingxenye ebalulekile emphakathini ophucuzekile.