Tatar amaholide. Isiko Tatarstan

Tatarstan - ophakathi kwabantu bokuqala iningi Russian Federation. Isiko esifundeni iyathakazelisa kokubili ngaphakathi ezweni kanye nalo lonke izwe. Akungabazeki ukuthi zikhona ahlukene Tatar amaholide ukuthi ahlukile. Njengazo zonke isiko esizweni sayo, zingabantu okunabileko.

Territory amasiko

ERussia, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola isihloko ukuthi kuzoba njalo ngokucophelela kuqashelwe inkumbulo yabo kazwelonke futhi ayidlulisele ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Tatar amasiko Umsuka yabo endulo, zithandelana inkolo, banikeza okukhipha isiko esiyingqayizivele kakhulu.

Njengoba izibonelo eyinqaba kuphela izinto yaseTatarstan kungenziwa ngokuthi rites ekhethekile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa sengane (kuhlanganisa isethi imicikilisho ethile ezilandelanayo - ebilek, avyzlandyru, bogeyman munchasy, bogeyman ashy), usathandana nomkhwenyana umakoti (kusuka lapha isibe odumile kulo lonke izwe elalenziwa ezinjalo, njengoba isipho), lomshado (lo mkhosi senzeke ngezigaba eziningana futhi kungase kudonse sikhatsi lesingaba tinyanga letisitfupha).

Ukholo namasiko

AmaTatar - abalandeli endala inkolo yamaSulumane. Islam kakhulu ukungena uqobo lesi sizwe, ngaleyo ndlela ezikhandla nethonya elikhulu ku-ungubani wakhe. amasiko Islamic asaphila namuhla, ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi ngamaholidi enkolo Tatar kazwelonke ngenkuthalo kugujwa izinsuku zethu. Ukuze ubheke imikhosi ezihambisana ngokholo ngisho kukhona ezinye amagama - Gaeta futhi Bairam. hlonipho esikhethekile sabazalwane emikhosini yenkolo enikelwe ukudla, umhlatshelo kanye nezinsuku ebalulekile empilweni of the Prophet Muhammad.

entwasahlobo amaholide

Spring - esikhethekile ukuphila lwesiTatar abantu. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka njalo kuletha ukwamukelwa okufudumele ngokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikuyiphi inkolo kwabonakala ekuqaleni into entsha, lo Ukuphindukuzalwa bemvelo. Ngakho-ke kuyacaca ngempela ukuthi kule sizini kwaphawula kahle esikhulu Tatar amaholide kazwelonke. Omunye endala kakhulu yale mikhosi kubizwa ngokuthi "Kara Boz Boz bug" futhi lihlotshaniswa uma kuncibilika iqhwa eside elindelwe. Njengoba wazi, into yokuqala lokho kukwenze ube ncibilika - umbuthano ice emizimbeni amanzi, ngakho lo mcimbi ngokuvamile badunyiswa njengabantu ukunqoba lokuqala entwasahlobo phezu overstayers ebusika kude.

Spring New Year

Kulezi zinsuku, mhlawumbe ebaluleke kakhulu entwasahlobo iholide Novruz Bayrami kuyinto - ngokunqoba phezu ngesikhathi sokulingana kwemini nobusuku Vernal. Eqinisweni, lolu suku is a real New Year iyona ikhalenda Islamic. E Tatarstan ngosuku eshiwo lugujwa ngezinga elikhulu, ke banquma ukugubha ke kumbuthano yomkhaya, kuyilapho etafuleni kumele kube izitsha samanje ubhontshisi, uphizi, irayisi. le mikhosi ekhethekile, yenziwa abanomsindo nangenjabulo ngoba bonke abantu ukuthi kukholakala ukuletha inhlanhla futhi injabulo ezinhle unyaka wonke. Ngamafuphi nje, i-Tatar entwasahlobo umkhosi umlando umndeni, sandla ekuqiniseni izibopho zomkhaya.

Hydyrlez

Isiko lasendulo wezizwe eziningi e ngandlela-thile exhunywe izinkomo zizalela kanye nezolimo. Ayikho ngaphandle, futhi AmaTatar. Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule baye iyinto enkulu izikebhe umalusi. amasiko wokwelusa egcwele Tatar iholide Hydyrlez, kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni kuka-May. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lo mkhosi ikakhulukazi wayelihlonipha futhi waphawula, njengoba umthetho, izinsuku ezimbili ezintathu.

Njengoba rites kule iholide ubophekile samanje yokukhiqiza isinkwa ekhethekile - kalaki okuyinto ephekwe umlotha oshisayo. Imigubho main zenzeke ngesikhathi Hydyrleza kusihlwa. izakhi boMdabu lemikhosi - omlilo, okuyothi ngalo gxuma kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. On Hydyrlez AmaTatar wanquma ukuqala entwasahlobo ayenza umsebenzi wokwelusa, okuyinto futhi libhekisela umsebenzi abantu basendulo. Kuthiwa lo mkhosi futhi bemthanda YaseCrimea AmaTatar futhi Gagauz ahlobene.

Sabantuy

Akekho ukugubha akwaziwa ngaphandle kwezwe njengoba Sabantuy - Tatar iholide enikelwe ekuqaleni emisebenzini yezolimo. Manje, lo mkhosi lugujwa ngoJuni 23 kodwa ezikhathini zasendulo, usuku ekhethiwe abadala, abadala akhethiwe emizaneni. Ngaphambi nje kokuqala iholide izingane waya izivakashi ngesicelo ukubanika awukudla. I eqoqwe imikhiqizo izingane alethwe ekhaya, futhi kakade kukhona ingxenye lensikazi umndeni yokubalungiselela etafuleni ekuseni okululana. Ikakhulukazi, ukunakwa sakhokhwa lokudlela iholide, lo mkhosi wokudlulela ngokuthi "Ehlasela 'iphalishi. Ngemuva kokudla kwasekuseni saqala imikhosi, eyokuqala - ukuqoqwa amaqanda izingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi amaqanda abangu zipendwe ngemibala ehlukile. Ngo izindlu namabhanisi kubhakwa, pretzels, amabhola elincane inhlama - baursaks.

Imigubho main okufanele kwenzeke segcekeni (phezu Tatar - "Maidan"). Omunye imincintiswano edume kunazo - ukulwa e amabhande endwangu, kuresh. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kudlule phezu mncintiswano run, lapho bonke abahlanganyeli zihlukaniswe ngezigcawu zeminyaka. Umeshi uqediwe kuzuba.

Namuhla Sabantuy - Tatar iholidi, okuyinto wathola isimo ukugubha main kazwelonke yaseTatarstan. It lugujwa hhayi kuphela emizaneni kodwa futhi ezindaweni emadolobheni amakhulu. Futhi aqala umkhankaso imincintiswano ithalenta singers and abadansi.

Zhyen

imikhosi beNdabuko Tatar abantu ngokuvamile ngaphandle sokuzibonakalisa elungile, elihlobene ne ukuqala kwesigaba e izinqubo wezolimo. Kuyinto ayihlukile neze futhi Zhyen - celebration ukumaka kwaqedwa imisebenzi emkhakheni bese uqale ugunda utshani obomisiwe. Endulo Zhyen waphawula ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya Tartar nemizana abadala eyabuya ekhaya ngemva kurultays (inhlangano ezivamile eziqongweni nhlobonhlobo gwamanda Tatar). Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isiko, lo mkhosi ishintshile. Izakhamuzi kwezinye izindawo bamenywa omakhelwane babo. Izivakashi ayenokuhlangenwe izipho: ukudla, imihlobiso, yezandla ezenziwe ngokhuni nensimbi, izihloko lendwangu, edwetshwe esenzakalweni esikhethekile ezinqoleni waya emkhosini. Ngoba wonke izivakashi entsha ehlanganiswa etafuleni iholide. kwakusihlwa Ubude iqala lapho khona zonke izimenywa.

Zhyen futhi kungenziwa ngokuthi uhlobo ukugubha ngoba umakoti nomkhwenyana. Ngu Tatar isiko kukhona imikhosi kancane kakhulu, lapho liyala kokubili abafana namantombazane bayakwazi ukukhulumisana ngokukhululekile nabanye. Zhyen - omunye walabo amaholide. Ngezinye mkhosi mass intsha uzama ukuthola umngane womshado umphefumulo, futhi abazali babo, esikhundleni salokho, futhi sasizama ukuthola umdlalo ehloniphekile izingane.

Salamat

Phakathi imikhosi bendabuko iTatarstan, okuyinto lugujwa ekwindla, le Salamat enhle kakhulu - celebration elalinikezelwe ukuphela kokuvunwa. Igama laleli holidi Kwakuyindawo eyinhloko zemikhosi etafuleni awukudla, okusanhlamvu Salamatty. Wenziwe ufulawa kakolweni nobisi abilisiwe. Lokhu dish senziwa ingxenye lensikazi umndeni, engxenyeni leduna efanayo ngalesi sikhathi abamenyiwe ukuvakashela izihlobo nabangani. Khona-ke wonke bahlangana etafuleni idili, lapho ngaphezu iphalishi ukuwo izifundo walabo imikhiqizo nje baye baqoqa. Njengoba uswidi emva kokudla uthembele itiye.

Ramadan

Isiko Tatarstan, njengoba kuye kwaba sobala, kuhilela eduze zithandelana Islam. Ngakho ukuthi nabakhileyo esifundeni bakubheka njengomthwalo wabo zenkolo sokuzila ukudla phakathi lesishiyagalolunye, ngenyanga engcwele ikhalenda Islamic, okuthiwa Ramadan.

Thumela - omunye izinsika eziningi Islam. Eqinisweni, kule nyanga Kayisilutho ngaphandle kwesikhathi self-ukuhlanzwa okholwayo kukho kokubili imigomo engokwenyama nengokomoya. Thumela (noma Soum) kuhilela ekuzileni ukudla, iziphuzo, utshwala, ukubhema, contact obuseduze. Ukuvinjelwa ukuthi zokugcina kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe nsuku lwenyanga ongcwele. Zonke lezi zinyathelo kumele ukhuthaze ethembekileyo ukuphika izinhloso abayizoni futhi izinhloso ezimbi.

Qaphelisisani Soum osikweleta zonke omdala futhi Muslim okunempilo, kungakhathaliseki ubulili. Relief kokuthunyelwe angatholakala kuphela izihambi, kanye abesifazane (ngenxa esikhathini lactation). Njengoba Ukukhokhela ezivuna kufanele ngandlela-thile omunye umuntu ukudla. Tatar amasiko ahlonishwe ukudla. Ramadan iphela celebration emikhulu ngokuthi Eid al-Fitr.

Eid al-Fitr

Inyanga esilandelayo Shawwal ngemva Ramadan is. Usuku lwakhe lokuqala - ekugubheni Eid al-Fitr, lowo mkhosi wokugubha ukuphela sokuzila ukudla. Ngalolo suku, okholwayo ekugcineni elinde kuphulwa enjalo eside elindelwe we uyakhathaza okusheshayo. Njengezinye zenkolo Tatar amaholide, Eid al-Fitr ingaphansi elilodwa lokuqala izigaba self-ukuhlanzwa okholwayo futhi Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-izibopho eziqinile emikhayeni. Ngalolusuku Abantu abawakhi singumndeni omkhulu, futhi bachitha ngakho kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sebusuku, ngenxa yezinkolelo Muslim lasendulo, ukuza kulo mhlangano futhi imiphefumulo kwabaphansi.

Kukho konke, iholide ephawulwe umthunzi bajabule kakhulu, zonke kunethemba lokuthi i-Eid izabehlisela injabulo nokuchuma wonke ngonyaka ozayo. Ngosuku ukuphula okusheshayo zabo kuyadingeka ukuhlela imicimbi ehlukahlukene ukuzijabulisa, nasemizini Fairs aphethwe nge ukuhweba asebenzayo.

Eid al-Adha

Tatar amaholide ayikwazi ngokwanele ezichazwe ngaphandle Ukhulumé celebration ezinjalo, njengoba Eid al-Adha. It lugujwa minyaka yonke kusukela 10 kuya osukwini 13 lwenyanga Muslim Dhul-Hijjah. Kusekelwe ekupheleni Hajj - pilgrimage kumasayithi engcwele wenkolo yamaSulumane. leli holide kusho umhlatshelo ngenxa Allah. Eid al-Adha - lo mkhosi wenkolo omkhulu kunayo hhayi kuphela e Tatarstan, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke Muslim.

Lo mkhosi iphindela biography of Qur'an omunye wabaprofethi - Abrahama. Ngokusho yetinsita uma uMninimandla onke aye wazilungiselela kuye ukuhlolwa: ukufakazela uthando lwabo ngaye, Ibrahim waphoqeleka ukuba anikele ngendodana yakhe ethandekayo ezulwini Ismail. Ibrahim kwaba egxilile ekuzimiseleni ayo ukuba bafeze lo oda, kodwa ngoba nguNkulunkulu, bekholelwa izinhloso yomprofethi futhi akazange ufisa kube sekufeni kwendodana yakhe, u-Ismail bavunyelwa nokuba baphume uyaphila, kodwa kunalokho ukuba anikele isilwane.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amaSulumane ukuhlonipha Abrahama feat ku Eid al-Adha enze ekuhlatshweni isiko besikhumba saleso silwane. Okwakushiwo lo mkhosi ukulandela isibonelo omunye wabaprofethi zenkolo odume kunabo bonke egameni uthando kuNkulunkulu wayeselulungele umhlatshelo oyinhloko. Inyama yesilwane ngemva umnikelo ngokuvamile yizinqamu ezintathu. Omunye uhamba labo abahluphekayo, elinye - umndeni yekholwa, nowesithathu, yonke Muslim ungagcina.

"Labo ilanga ozalwa"

25 Disemba - ngosuku ekhethekile ngokohlelo lokuhlelwa Tatar amasiko. Lolu suku lugujwa Nardugan (ukuhumusha kusukela Tatar - "okuzelwe Sun"), lelo, njengethempeli Novruz Bayram, kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento iholide omunye kaNcibijane. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngokunqoba kwentsha. Isici esiyinhloko holidi - nokudansa bendabuko nezingoma. Abantu abasha, njengenjwayelo, baya ematendeni abo bejabula, lapho imvume kubanikazi zingabantu lezi magazini okhethekile kakhulu. Dance inxa siqukethe imijikelezo eziningana: ukubingelela, sibonga abanikazi, fortunetelling umdanso, yokuvalelisa. Ingxenye ekhethekile imikhosi kufanele abe show timphahla tekubhukusha. I emidansweni iculo zentsha eye wazama zonke izindlela placate imimoya emimbi - amademoni. Ukuze zonke izinkolelo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, umphumela umjikelezo wezolimo olandelayo kwaba bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni lezo zilwane efanayo, ngakho uma ukubajabulisa, ngeke iphazamise sokuvuna. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwenziwa imidanso efana yomugqa, dancing izimvu, izinja ukudansa. Le mikhuba khona kuze kube yilolu suku kwamanye amadolobhana ngesiTatar.

amaholideyi womphakathi, ezisekhalendeni

Tatarstan esikhathini sethu - isihloko ebalulekile Russian Federation. Nokho, esifundeni sekuyisikhathi eside imangalelwe ukuba ukuzibusa nokuzimela. Eselahle nobukhosi bawo e-1552, i-Kazan Khanate yaba yingxenye Muscovy, kamuva ashintshwa aba uMbuso Russian. In the state ala mazwe lalibizwa umane - sifundazwe Kazan, mayelana nanoma yimaphi ndawana ekuqambeni kabusha Tatarstan aphume umbuzo.

Kuphela 1920 lwesiTatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic labelwa njengengxenye Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. August 30, 1990 kwaba umzamo ukuze bazimele: ngalolu suku Supreme Council yaseTatarstan unqume ukumemezela sovereignty isimo weRiphabhulikhi.

Nokho, ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, le ndawo iye yanquma ukuhlala ngaphakathi Russian Federation njengenye izinhlangano zawo - yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan. Nokho, kusukela ngo-Agasti 30 lugujwa njengoba Day yaseTatarstan kumiswa republic. Lokhu usuku iholide lomphakathi republic okubanzi kanye main isimo iholide esifundeni. Okunye Tatar isimo sezinga imikhosi kuhambisane Zonke-Russian - kuyinto Victory Day, kwalolusuku lwabesifazane, Labor Day, uSuku wasemuva we lawobaba.

amasiko esiyingqayizivele

Kufinyeta, singaphetha uzibuze ezihlukahlukene Tatar isiko. Eqinisweni, kwathiwa weaved konke: isipiliyoni zabantu, inkumbulo zomlando, amathonya zenkolo kanye nemicimbi wesimanje. Akekho ongalichaza uzophelelwa abantu abanjalo nge zokwehlukahlukana kwesintu wemikhosi. Awunayo ukuphikisa nkulumo yokugcina - nakuphi e Russian uNcibijane kungenziwa kugujwa kakhulu ngendlela kathathu? Ngakho-ke kuphela esiphethweni esisodwa: Tatar isiko ufanelwe ukuchuma ukudluliswa emva izizukulwane abasebasha.