Amakhaya Modern komhlaba: isithombe

amakhaya Underground kukhona ngakho okusikhumbuza ngesiduli noma imbobo ukuthi cishe uhlangane ne landscape. Muva nje, abantu abaningi uzama ukuthola izindlu ezinjalo kuleli zwe. Lokhu kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento indlela ukugqama esixukwini futhi usondela nemvelo. Buildings zaloluhlobo zinzima komhlaba ngokuphelele noma ingxenye. Kuyinto okunengqondo kuyazuzisa hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa, kodwa futhi ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa.

amakhaya Underground akuzona njengoba ezibizayo ukuwakha uyakwazi cishe wonke umuntu. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuze uzivumelanise nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ukuze izinga imvelo ngaphakathi endlini kwaba ezingeni eliphezulu. I lokushisa umhlabathi onezici ezithile, yingakho ukwakhiwa echazwe kudingeka onge amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube abandayo olunzima ngaphakathi lezi zakhiwo ukugcina ukushisa ukuthi yakha up ngesikhathi entwasahlobo nasehlobo izinsuku efudumele. Yingakho samaholidi lungaboniswa.

Kungani kufanele ukhethe i endlini engaphansi komhlaba

Umhlabathi izenzo wokuba umbhidisi kunalokho abampofu ukushisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga lokushisa lide kakhulu ligijima ugqinsi zenhlabathi, kunenzuzo hhayi kuphela ehlobo kodwa ebusika. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukushisa ngosuku ezishisayo ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezintathu kuphela ukujula emva okungena ekujuleni 2.5 m. Isikhathi enomoya sonyaka zindlu ubhekwa entwasahlobo.

Kukhethwa indawo ukuze kwakhiwe

amakhaya Underground kufanele yakhiwe endaweni, owawuke ukuba otholakele. Kungcono uma ungathola esiqongweni sentaba. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukopha-ngokusebenzisa komhlaba endlini. Windows Kunconywa ukugxila kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine, ukuhlinzeka isikhala ukukhanya okwanele.

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa engxenyeni engenhla inhlabathi kuyadingeka ukuze anqume indlu, futhi ngemuva kokuphothulwa umsebenzi uyibuyisela endaweni yayo. Ngo zindlu kuqabukela kutholakale izibani ezengeziwe. imisebe Yemvelo kwanele, kanye ngaphakathi, ngeke uzizwe umehluko phakathi esakhiweni futhi indlu ezivamile izitini.

izindlu Underground kukhona ezimbili zama:

• diked;
• ngomshoshaphansi.

Imibuzo eyenza umuntu acabange yelungiselelo kuhilela ukwakhiwa komhlaba kanye ngezansi ezingeni eliphezulu. Dike endlini engaphezulu eliphansi noma kancane kufihlwe ngemuva ezingeni umugqa. Nokho, ezindaweni zawo namanje sekugcwele nge inhlabathi. Lapho beqeda inhlabathi emuva endaweni ukuze babe yingxenye ngesakhiwo.

Izici ukwakhiwa kwalesi ngezingodo

ukwakhiwa Underground kwezindlu okungahilela ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane ngezingodo. Kulokhu, indlu isendaweni sezwe, okuyinto has a emthambekeni encane. Uphahla kufanele embozwe inhlabathi, ngokuvamile ukwenza gable, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, umklamo sinjalo arched noma flat.

Yokungena kuyadingeka ukuze kube sekugcineni, ukuhlinzeka ngayo kombhede. Ngu Ukurhemisa isinyathelo umnyango. Amawindi ngokuvamile ophahleni noma gables. Njengoba umgodi othile ukuba khona phansi eyodwa kuphela. Uma wenza ezimbili, kuzoba isakhiwo evamile nge engaphansi. Nokho, Ukwakha setshe ububanzi incike span, lesi silinganiso uqobo esingaphansi 6 m.

Ukuze ukwakhiwa kudingekile ukulungisa emgodini, ngaphakathi lapho izindonga zakhiwa. Kubalulekile kubo waterproofed, setha izinsika asekelayo, okuzokwenza ke ophahleni. Ngemva kokuphothulwa ukwakhiwa izindonga ophahleni, kanye kubekwa ungangenisi amanzi izinto ophahleni embozwe inhlabathi.

Izici kokwakhiwa Dike indlu

Uma unesithakazelo Underground Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, ungakhetha Dike ukwakhiwa, okuyinto efanelekayo ingxenye flat, emthambekeni noma igquma. Lesi sakhiwo iye kwamanzi ngokuphelele, engxenyeni engenhla uhlala phezu. Izindonga asele obvalovyvayut, ukunciphisa izindleko zokwakha.

Indlu kungaba kwanoma iyiphi plan, futhi kulesi simo, iwindi ngokuvamile ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Isigaba sokuqala sale ukwakhiwa kuyoba ukumba umgodi. Uma indlu ifanele ukwakha phezu kobuso bomhlaba, bese ukuvikela umhlabathi, singakwazi nje uqhubekela Isigaba sesibili - ukwakhiwa izindonga nophahla. Idinga ungangenisi amanzi, okumele ukumelana nomthwalo umhlabathi, ngakho kufanele afeze izibalo ngokuvumelana kwezinkambiso. Umuzi esigabeni sokugcina embozwe inhlabathi except for labo izingxenye isenzo, lapho amafasitela nezicabha bengena.

Regulations ukwakhiwa

Uma unqume ukwakha indlu komhlaba ngezandla zakho, kufanele aqondiswe izimiso ezithile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isakhiwo bazokwethulelwa umswakama. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokwakha kufanele zibhekelele isibalo isibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhuni ziphathwe kwamanzi-cikayo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa-situ ukhonkolo noma sobumba. ukhonkolo evundile asifanele, ngoba uyakwazi ukuncela umswakama.

Ngaphambi kokukhetha ungangenisi amanzi kubalulekile ukucabangela zonke izimo ezingenzeka. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu yokwakhiwa endlini komhlaba noma Dike kubhekwa ukumba umgodi. Kulokhu zaglubit ngendlu ezingaphezu kuka-1 m, ziqhathaniswa kuhlelwe ukwakhiwa Ubukhulu.

La maqembu yangaphandle yendlu kwenziwa isisekelo melkozaglublenny, ukukhuthazela ebalwa ikhumbula imithwalo. Uma ukujiya odongeni akuyona likhulu kakhulu, kufanele acabangele umthwalo inhlabathi. I uphahla ngokuvamile kwenziwa isekelwe ohlelweni truss, kodwa ungasebenzisa indlela yokufaka ipulangwe esondweni.

ezenziwe

Lapho wakha komhlaba ikhaya yokuhlala, ungasebenzisa ukhonkolo noma isitini ekwakhiweni izindonga. Kulokhu, ophahleni kuyinto Monolithic futhi ine ukuma lwaleli. Lo mklamo kuyoba eziqinile ngaphezulu. Ungangenisi amanzi phansi kanye izindonga kumele elasungulwa iluphu okuqhubekayo. Uma indlu lujule ngaphezu kuka-1 m, bese vimbela isakhiwo akudingekile. Kumayelana kuphela izindonga ke ophahleni kumele ngaphezu kwalokho ngci.

Ngezinye ilungiselelo kobulili kubalulekile ukubeka ungangenisi amanzi, ukwahlukanisa kanye screed. Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina isembozo zokuhlobisa is agibele amahhashi. amakhaya Modern komhlaba kufanele ibe isimiso sokukhuculula, okuyinto etholakala eduze izindonga emhlabeni azungezwe. Kulokhu, amanzi agobhoze futhi ziqondiswe ku ipayipi amanzi, okufanele kube ngezansi ezingeni yendlu. Isiphetho kumele ithunyelwe kudoti.

Indlu i igalaji komhlaba

Indlu nge igalaji komhlaba namuhla - Kuvamile futhi ngempela. Lesi sinqumo esibalulekile, uma une isayithi kunomkhawulo isikhala. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kudingeka unqume - iphelele noma ingxenye lalihlehliswa yokupaka.

Indlela yesibili ukonga ngaphezulu futhi amenable ukuqaliswa elula. emagalaji Kakhulu ngokujulile kufanele abanye amaphutha uhlobo umswakama ngokweqile futhi inhlabathi ingcindezi. Kubalulekile ukulungiselela ipuleti ngoba ukugqagqana ukuthi kufanele aqiniswe futhi obukhulu ngokwanele. Kumele siqale ukusebenza ukubala umthamo izinto. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzekela khona ungangenisi amanzi.

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo emgodini ibhalwe, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukuthambekela uhambo kwangaphakathi. Plates ibekwe phansi emgodini, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba usebenzise amasu ephakamisa. Ezezindlu nge yokupaka komhlaba zingahlelwa ubuchwepheshe, okubandakanya ukwakhiwa egalaji ngesinyathelo Gcwalisa phansi kumbiwa ngokhonkolo. Fundam izindonga ezakhiwe nge kwagcizelela enezisekelo zikakhonkolo. Bona ozokwenza, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uzonikezwa ku load yakho iphezulu kakhulu. Ohlangothini amapuleti kumele afakwe ezedlulayo, ezizosebenza njengoba esitezi sokuqala. isakhiwo zokuhlala nge yokupaka komhlaba kumele kube phezu ungangenisi amanzi izindonga. Lokhu kuzovimba Ukungena umswakama ngaphakathi emagcekeni.

Izindlela ukwakhiwa

I izindonga nophahla ngaphakathi futhi kufanele embozwe ungangenisi amanzi. Uma uyikha phezulu le yokugcizelela anezikhala Kumiswa, bese ehlanganiswa ngodaka. Oku-kusetshenzwe inkomba indiza antifungal izingoma. Kumelwe kwenziwe kuze kube isikhathi lapho wena beyomboza nge primer.

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo ungaqala ukufakwa kwesango indlela izivakashi. Le phrojekthi indlu komhlaba, kanye egalaji komhlaba, kuzomele sifake ukutholakala nezokuxhumana. Kubalulekile ukuba abeke ikhebula, uzodinga kuphela ukunquma cross-section yayo. Voltage kumele kwanele. Ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukukhetha ikhebula nge ukubekezelelana phezulu. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke abhekane neqiniso lokuthi ukuxhumana uyokhonza hhayi nje singathanda. Ngemva kokuphothulwa ukwakhiwa usungaqala kokufaka uhlelo Ukushisa.

Clearance entry egalaji komhlaba

indlu Underground, izithombe zazo okusesihlokweni esithi, ngokuvamile kufanele yokupaka kakhudlwana futhi ngaphansi komhlaba. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukudweba entry lesifanele. Too emaweni futhi iDemo kungabangela kabi. Ngo sezulu esihle, bulukhuni kungase kubonakale ongabonakali, kodwa ngenkathi yezimvula ne entry umsebenzi awukwazi ukuphatha. Plus, phansi ngeke sokukhipha amanzi amaningi.

I engela ukuthambekela kulokhu ngokuvamile uhla 140 kuya ku-150 °. Uma leli nani lingaphansi, ungase uhlangabezane nezinkinga phakathi nenkathi ebandayo. Njengoba kwanda egalaji yokungena obuphelele ukujula kube kufanele ukwenza okwengeziwe. I trajectory ukufika kumele wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha ahlukene. Eyokuqala yalezi - ukuqala, ubude bayo uqobo 3 m emthambekeni kule ndawo ukuba alingane 120 ° C .. Eyesibili zone kuthatha isigamu ubude, i-engeli uyahluka 150 °. Izoni lwesithathu libizwa okubomvu itholakala ngqo phambi kwamasango ngokwabo. Ubude bayo ngokuvamile 1.2 m.

Kubalulekile ukubona ukuthi phakathi kwalezi zindawo kwakungelona umehluko abukhali kakhulu.

Izincomo Development zokungena

Ngezinye ilungiselelo zokungena izinto kumele kusetshenziswe, okuyinto kuyoba nethonya-non-ukushelela. Ezinye izingcweti ukwenza unyathela amabhuleki namantombazane ukusiza ngesikhathi iqhwa nemvula. Izindonga wabeka yezinyawo nge handrail. Lokhu kuzovumela ngokuphepha yehlela futhi ukugibela liphindele emuva.

Njengoba isango isethwe isiphepho amapayipi, ngehele ifakwe. Kungcono ukwelekelela Ukushisa isici ukuthi kuzovimba okokuqandisa amanzi. Ohlangothini emnyango ngalinye efakwe esaziwa izindonga, lokhu ngeke sizamukele wokugoqa kwenhlabathi.

Ukwakha yokungena umgwaqo egalaji komhlaba

Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo kuzomele sifake sigcwalisa inhlabathi, okuzokwenza ukuvikela ukwehluleka. Umgwaqo embozwe amatshe, okuyinto kahle ohlangene. I ukushuba lesi sendlalelo zingahluka kusuka 10 kuya 15 cm. Isendlalelo yenethiwekhi okuyinto esemqoka, ekhiqizwa kusuka 15-cm ungqimba ngokhonkolo.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi phakathi omiswe yesixazululo kuso ukungafani insolated. Uma isimo sezulu kushisa kakhulu ke ebusweni olufuthwe ngamanzi. Uma ukhonkolo esomile, enamathela kungenziwa isethwe. Njengoba ngezinye izikhathi uba the asphalt kuvuleke tile noma ezinye izinto.

ukufakwa ukupholisa

Ukupholisa for egalaji komhlaba kanye lasekhaya liyadingeka. Indlela yokuqala kuhilela ukufakwa umhlangano monoblock. Lolu hlelo uyodonsela emoyeni qeda kanye inflow umoya omusha. Monoblock inikeza ukupholisa kanye zako esivuna ukufakwa lula.

Kodwa uma wesaba yezindleko zayo okusezingeni eliphezulu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indlela yesibili, okubandakanya ukufakwa uhlelo Modular. Umklamo has amabhlogo ezimbili ezihlukene, omunye okuyinto obangela inflow, kuyilapho elinye - for the outflow umoya. Uhlelo has nemishini ekhethekile yokuthungatha futhi inikeza ukulungiswa operation okuzenzakalelayo.

isiphetho

Njengoba omunye imisebenzi ebalulekile ekwakhiweni emagalaji komhlaba emizi kuphuma ungangenisi amanzi. It is eyenziwa besebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula amanzi futhi ukwakheka pad zokuhlunga.

Akubalulekile ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi le nkinga ingaxazululwa ukusetshenziswa ungangenisi amanzi uketshezi, isetshenziswa endlini kuphela. Empeleni, le ndlela ngeke ngempumelelo. ungangenisi amanzi Liquid ingasetshenziswa njengento esizayo.