Omkhulu Silk Road - indlela yasendulo yezohwebo

Emlandweni kukhona imibiko mayelana nesibalo esikhulu emigwaqweni yasendulo ukuthi ukukhonza abantu. Ukuze izindlela zomlando babe wamabutho esikhulu emadolobheni esemgwaqweni izindlela baye bahlaselwa (futhi ngezinye izikhathi laba bahlaseli ngokwabo). Ngo sokuthula, umgwaqo lasendulo exhunywe empilweni yamasiko, ezombangazwe nezentengiselwano we ezifundeni ezehlukene.

Omkhulu Silk Road kubhekwa edume kakhulu futhi ovelele kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Lo mzila ukuhweba akha "trine", okuyinto ixhunywe Atlantic, Indian kanye Pacific Ocean. Lokhu "umgwaqo omkhulu" omkhulu ewela i-Eurasia yayigcwele. It ixhunywe eMedithera Ekude.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Silk Road akasenzanga ezibizayo, noma ngisho uhlelo kuyo imizila yohwebo. Wenza njengoba ibhuloho eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezamasiko nakwezomnotho phakathi amasimu West naseMpumalanga, okuyinto ixhunywe abantu, sizama Ukubambisana mutual kwezinkolo nokuhlalisana ngokuthula. Ngokwesibonelo, Omkhulu Silk Road Kazakhstan (uma uya empumalanga nasentshonalanga) wasuka Tashkent ngokusebenzisa Turbat (Pass) e Isfidzhab (Sairam). igama lalo muzi ifinyelele izinsuku zethu. Ngakho okuthiwa emzaneni eduze Shymkent, maphakathi okuyizinto izinsalela Fort ephakathi. Lo muzi yake njengelinye lamazwe izikhungo elikhulu Kasilika eya. Ethengwe Isfidzhab ngendwangu emhlophe, izigqila, insimbi, izinkemba kanye nezinye izikhali, ithusi.

Izazi zanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi Elikhulu Silk Road uvele emhlabeni 2nd ekhulwini BC. e. Kulokhu, igama ngokwayo laqanjwa ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu, ekhulwini le-19. Igama elithi "Omkhulu Silk Road" yavela kuyi ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi ngemva kokubhala ngo-1877, Richthofen (mlando German kanye isihambi) ukusebenza "China". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuze kube manje endleleni yayibizwa ngokuthi meridional Western Indlela. Nokho, ezesayensi zisebenzisa igama elivamile elithi olufakiwe, Richthofen.

Ngokusho kobufakazi obungokomlando, uMbusi Wu Di of China wathumela isithunywa ku 138 BC. e. ukufuna umbimbi lokulwa Hun nenkani izizwe ezazihlupha enyakatho yokusebenza insimu yamaShayina. Ambassador Chzhan Tsyan ngemva ebuya ohambweni ngokuningiliziwe watshela ngokuhambela kwakhe e- Asia Ephakathi. Emperor of China futhi uthole ulwazi mayelana yemizila yohwebo esikahle kakhulu. Babe sebeba yizinceku ngesisekelo Kasilika eya.

On the ukuhweba kanye exchange imisebenzi ephakathi kwamadolobha Asian Central, futhi China ulwazi oluqukethwe ikakhulukazi zemihla baseChina 1. BC. e. 7-8 eminyaka. n. e. Imithombo bokuqala ukutshela mayelana neminikelo donative ziqondiswe esigodlweni yasebukhosini esifundeni Asia Ephakathi.

Njengoba kwenzekani ekuqiniseni ubudlelwano phakathi wamazwe kwezohwebo ophakathi China namadolobha Asia Ephakathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njalo ngonyaka kusukela senkantolo yasebukhosini wathatha mahele kungekho angaphansi kwamahlanu njalo ngasentshonalanga, ephelezelwa amakhulu onogada. imikhiqizo metal kwenziwe, nosilika. Banikana ngoba coral, amahhashi, jade, izimpahla ezehlukene elise-Asia Ephakathi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imikhiqizo China bebelokhu ezifunwayo emazweni ahlukahlukene. Abahlukile usilika izindwangu abekade intengo Persia and the uthi, okuyizinto entshonalanga kuwo.

16 Ekhulwini ephawulwe abanye buthakathaka ubuhlobo ukuhweba amadolobha Asian Central, naseChina. Ikakhulu lokhu kwakubangelwa kuvulwa imigwaqo kolwandle, kukhuphuke ukungqubuzana umphakathi amakhosi asendulo, nombango Imifula Eziyisikhombisa. Saba sibi kakhulu njengoba ubudlelwane phakathi sithi Safavid Iran kanye Central amazwe ase-Asia Sheibanids. Ngenxa yalokho, laqala ukwehla abukhali ukuhweba nendlwana.

Ekhulwini le-19 ukunakwa Europe ngasondelana maqondana Turkestan. Nakuba Szolkowy Indlela isibe legend. Sekungokwesibili lo mgwaqo kwatholakala ngengozi ngenxa kwezimo ezithile zezombangazwe.

Silk Road ucwaningo abavubukuli kwaqala ngo-1900. Nokho, ngemva kokugqashuka ucwaningo emhlabeni wonke sanqamuka.