Khodynka nhlekelele: incazelo, umlando, izimbangela, izisulu nemiphumela

Ebanga Usizi khodynka nhlekelele yenzeke Meyi 18, 1896 ku isitayela esidala. Isixuku esikhulu bebuthene emaphethelweni eMoscow ngoba wokugcotshwa uMbusi uNicholas II. Lesi siphithiphithi zabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka 1,300.

Ngobusuku obandulela le nhlekelele

Ngu isiko, umcimbi ezifana wokugcotshwa kwakulandelwa mkhosi mass. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le misebenzi abafakiwe kwenkululeko emcimbini olusemthethweni. kakhulu wokugcotshwa Nicholas Alexandrovich livelile 14 Meyi, bese ezweni lonke iziphathimandla ehlelwe izipho iholide abantu abavamile. Yilokho wabangela izixuku ezinkulu. Amahemuhemu okuthi wonk Ice Palace uzobe siyalahla izipho ezidliwayo, waya ngokushesha yonkana eMoscow. Ngo-1896 kule ndawo kwaba emaphethelweni edolobheni. Inkambu wawubanzi, ngakho kwanqunywa ukuba ubambe imigubho lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi Umbusi ngokwakhe vakashela umcimbi - ulalele ekhonsathini, okuyinto wayezonikela orchestra.

wayichoboza mass

Imigubho kwakufanele iqale ngesikhathi 10 ekuseni. Kodwa ekuseni ngesikhathi site ke kwadingeka ingqikithi abantu ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi. Khodynka Inhlekelele yaqala ngesikhathi lapho phakathi kwesixuku kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi izipho kakade usuqalile ukusabalalisa kusengaphambili, kodwa ngenxa inani elikhulu labantu, ngeke kwanele nhlobo.

Abaphatha banikwa ngendlela ngokukhethekile uyakhile emadokodweni lokhuni. Kulapha wagijima uyahlanya abantu. Distributors Waqala ukujikijela ukudla ku isixuku, ukuze engawuboni isondela kakhulu nezitebele zamahhashi ezingase kalula ukunqoba. Nokho, lokhu kuphela ukungezwa nezinxushunxushu. Abantu abaNsundu babekholelwa ukuthi waqala ukulwa izipho. kuqala uvele olwembiza. itwetwe Ngokushesha, ukuthi kuphela zaba zimbi isimo.

ukuphendula uhulumeni

Mayelana nefu elimnyama watshela umbusi kanye nobab 'omncane wakhe Sergei Alexandrovich. Ngamahora ambalwa emkhakheni yaxazululeka kwazo zonke izibonakaliso idrama yamuva. Khodynka nhlekelele ayikashintshi amacebo autocrat. Waqale wavakashela ekhonsathini kuhlelwe, bese baya ezibiyele, lapho ibhola owawuse, wakhe ubuhanjelwe zonke izicukuthwane eMoscow, kanye amanxusa. Ezinye Nicholas eseduze belulekwa ukuba bangayeki ukuvakashelwa ukudansa ngandlela-thile ukubonisa ukudabuka kwabo ngenxa efile futhi elimele. Nokho, akazange ashintshe izinhlelo zakhe. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwenziwa ngenxa yokuthi inkosi ukucasula inxusa isiFulentshi, wathatha at ibhola. Konke lokhu kwalotshwa idayari yilo mbusi.

Sergei Witte (wezeziMali), owayekhona Ice Palace ngalolo suku kwesibhamu, ushiye memoir, futhi waxoxela umfundi umbono wakhe ngalokho okwenzekile. Izikhulu ukukholelwa ukuthi isixuku ngesikhathi Khodynka, izimbangela zezinkumbulo esasihlanganisa inhlangano abampofu lomcimbi, kabi lasetshenziswa kuKesari, esasifuna "bexhwalile". Witte wabhala ukuthi, mhlawumbe ngesikhathi inkosi kuthonywa umalume wakhe Sergei (Grand Duke), bameluleka ukuba ugcine yonke into njengoba yayihloselwe. Ngokwakhe umbusi, ngokuvumelana ungqongqoshe, ngabe waba enkonzweni endaweni yesehlakalo. Kodwa Nicholas bezilokhu zihlukaniswa manqikanqika ethembela kakhulu ngezihlobo zabo.

Noma kunjalo, 19 no-20 zoMthetho yena nomkakhe nomalume wavakatjhela isibhedlela eMoscow, lapho abagwaziweyo zazigcinwa. Unina wenkosi, Maria Feodorovna yini, kunikelwe ngayo imali eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezazihamba imithi. Kungokufanayo benza lo mbhangqwana yasebukhosini. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-ruble ayizigidi 90 zanikezelwa. Imindeni kamufi aye abelwa impesheni siqu.

emngcwabeni

Inani elikhulu of izidumbu azikwazanga ukubonakala. Zonke lezi zindikimba bafihlwe emathuneni Vagankovsky engcwabeni elikhulu. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Illarion Ivanov-ukuqhela yakhelwe isikhumbuzo sakhe. Wasinda ukuze izinsuku zethu, usengakwazi kubonwe emathuneni Vagankovsky.

Umzimba, okuyinto wakwazi ukubona izihlobo zakhe. UMbusi ngaphambilini ukwaba imali ngomngcwabo yabo.

uphenyo

Isibopho sigameko wanikwa amaphoyisa endawo, owayenganikela ngendlela hhayi enesizotha ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha endaweni enkulu kangaka njengoba Khodynka. Crush zabantu kuye kwaholela ukwesula Aleksandra Vlasovskogo. Waqondisa ejensi ekusebenta kwemtsetfo njengoba edolobheni. Eyokuqala ezivikela siqu ukuthi inhlangano umkhosi, ezaholela ekumiseni kwe-isixuku Khodynka Meyi 18, 1896, wahlanganyela enkonzweni egcekeni.

Abasebenzi isakhiwo ukukholisa abaphenyi ukuthi babengakwazi obhekene oda amaphoyisa emcimbini, kodwa kwaholela ngempela ukusatshalaliswa izipho. Bala Vorontsov-Dashkov, owayeneminyaka ungqongqoshe egcekeni, yena wamqondisa phakathi kuka-Alexander III kanye uMbusi kwakuwukuba sibalo entsha untouchable. Wavikela amadoda akhe behlasela oberpolitsmeystera vlasov. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich (phambilini obuwaziwa futhi umbusi eMoscow) kwaba umxhasi lonke ibutho leli dolobha amaphoyisa.

Le ukungqubuzana abathintekayo ubudlelwane abaphathi abasemazingeni aphezulu, ukuhlukaniswa ku amaqembu amabili. Omunye uhhafu isekelwa yi-Ministry of egcekeni, enye - amaphoyisa. Ayemaningi emthumeni, engazi ukuthi iluphi uhlangothi kuyoba Umbusi ngokwakhe. Ekugcineni, bonke umagange ukujabulisa luyinkosi. Cishe akukho muntu isithakazelo emihlatshelweni at Khodynka 1896.

UNicholas II ethunywe uphenyo kuNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa Nikolay Muravyov. Wathola umsebenzi ngaphansi ukusekelwa Sergei Alexandrovich, ngakho inkantolo yanquma konke kungaba Ukubala icala Vorontsov-Dashkov. Kodwa ke interjected Maria Feodorovna (umama yombusi). Kubangelwe usithonye uphenyo ukuphathisa uConstantine Pahlen (futhi uNgqongqoshe yangaphambili Justice).

Yena wayedume akhe athi ezindaweni lapho wahola ezo grand, njalo uya lokudlela. sesimweni esinjalo ngokumelene naye eziningi Romanovs. Nokho, yayingathandi ngaphansi eqeqeshwa ka iNdlovukazi-umama. uphenyo yakhe ukwenze oberpolitsmeystera icala vlasov.

Kubonakala isiko

wayichoboza thusa Khodynka ensimini kuholele ukushaqeka ibandla lonke lenhlangano yakwa-Russia. Lo mcimbi esibi zashiya abaningi izinkumbulo izikhulu, isibonelo Sergey Vitte. ULeo Tolstoy, ngimangaliswe okwakwenzekile, wabhala indaba emfushane "Khodynka", okusho ithumba isithombe uvalo abantu ngesikhathi kunendumezulu siphithiphithi. Maxim Gorky wasebenzisa indaba inoveli yakhe "Life of Klim Samghin."