Bandera - ungubani na? Bandera phakathi nempi. flag Bandera

Ekukhanyeni intuthuko Ukraine eziningi kakhulu nesithakazelo Bandera. Ngobani laba bantu, kwavelaphi ke ukuhambisa? Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuphendula le mibuzo kanye neminye ofanelekayo kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, kukhona abaningi kangaka horror izindaba mayelana esidlule bale nhlangano, abanye abantu bathethelele ke, abanye fela ngisho nenzondo.

ngomlando ukubukeka Bandera

Ngakho, Bandera - ayini? Baningi izincazelo negative bale nhlangano. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II kwaba abantu abaxhasa imibono Stepana Bandery, umholi ubuzwe Ukraine. Khona-ke benza okuningi okubulala non-Ukraine, ulunge kangakanani-ke ngesifiso zenkululeko nokuzibusa yezwe labo.

Kuze kube manje, kukhona obunengi zobugebengu abalandeli Bandera, okwenzeka ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Babulala ababengamkhulekeli ilungu lesizwe Ukrainian, okwadingeka nezihlobo abantu bezinye izizwe. Ezinye okubulala sizibophezele Bandera (ngezansi), ngaphandle kwalokho kanjani ungakwazi uyibize ngokuthi zonya. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi umqondo ukukhululwa kuka naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine kusukela amandla abahlaseli Polish.

UStepan Bandera. i-curriculum vitae

Manje cishe umholi ukunyakaza wathi. UStepan Bandera wazalwa ngo-1909 emndenini umpristi isiGreki Catholic. Ngaphezu umndeni wakhe waba nezingane eziyisithupha. Ngokusobala, umbono ubuzwe UStepan imbibed nezimfundiso uyise, eyayifuna ukuba adlulisele ifilosofi yakhe ezinganeni. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, eyaqala phambi kwengane izwele ngaphezulu.

Bandera wahlala endlini kayise kuze 1919, wathuthela edolobheni Stryi, ngangenela esikoleni. Kuyo, wafunda iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. It efunda esikoleni esiphakeme futhi waqala imisebenzi yakhe ubuzwe kamuva kwaholela lokho okwakubhalwe Ukraine Bandera. Waba umholi wophiko lwentsha kule naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine, sivikele ukuzimela kwayo nganoma iyiphi indlela, hhayi nandaba ngisho yokuthi manje, ezweni lanamuhla, ibizwa ngokuthi ubuphekula.

imisebenzi Political Stepana Bandery

Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, uStepan, ngaphandle imisebenzi yomphakathi, ayehlanganyela emsebenzini yona Ukrainian lempi. Bandera kwakukhona kusukela abaphezulu izifundo lolimi esikoleni. Ilungu esemthethweni le nhlangano, waba ngo-1927. Umsebenzi waqala ngo-uMnyango ukukhalipha emva inkulumo-ze. Ngemva kwakhe kwaba intsha abanamathela imibono yayo olukhulu ubuzwe.

Phakathi nomsebenzi wenhlangano, eye phezulu kakhulu nokuduma, ikakhulukazi edolobheni laseLviv, okuyinto Bandera (njengoba babebizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi) wacabanga ngempela wayengumuntu isithombe. Waba umholi we Oun inhlangano ngomshoshaphansi.

Manje okuncane mayelana career zezombusazwe kukaStepan. Ukuze credit yakhe eziningana zokubulawa ehleliwe zombangazwe ezivelele, uphakamisele bani ngaleso sikhathi isizwe alwa. Ngoba kufike umuntu mumbe nabo '34 kwaba utholakala enecala wagwetshwa ukufa, Nokho, okuyinto, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, sishintshelwe udilikajele. Ejele, wachitha iminyaka engaba ngu-39 lapho, ngenxa yokuvinjezelwa yasePoland, zonke iziboshwa (kanye nabo, uStepan) badedelwa.

Umholi Abashisekeli bezwe baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo. Futhi uma sicabanga umbuzo "Bandera - Zingobani 'Impendulo iwukuthi kwaba abalandeli bakhe abake okwamsekela.

Bandera Imisebenzi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili

Ngalesi sikhathi UStepan ezisanda kuphuma. Ukujoyina abasekeli bakhe, wahambela Lviv, lapho wayeqhutshwa futhi nganquma ukuthi manje isitha eyinhloko kutimela Ukraine eSoviet Union.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi i-Ukrainian Bandera ngokusemthethweni sekukhona emva ukuhlukana of Oun, uma iposi yokuba inhloko inhlangano yaqala ukufuna abantu ababili bephethe ukubukwa okuphambene ngokuphelele. It Bandera kanye A. Miller. Umcabango wokuqala ukuthi Germany ngeke kusize Ukraine ukuthola inkululeko oyifunayo, ngakho kudingeka zincike ngokwabo kuphela. Umfelandawonye amaJalimane ungase voprinimat nomphumela eyesikhashana. Eyesibili ukucabanga ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Ekugcineni, wonke waya amakamu awo. abasekeli Abaseduze Bandera steel Lenkavsky S., J. Stetsko, Lebedev, V. Ohrimovich, R. Shukhevich.

Ngo-June 1941, isenzo ezamenyezelwa ukuvuselelwa isimo Ukraine, umphumela owawungumnyaka isiphelo sesimiso Bandera esitokisini e-Germany. AmaJalimane ungathandi yilokhu kushintsha kwezinto. Njengoba UStepan abikezela, ababenakho izinhlelo ezahlukene kakhulu Ukraine.

Lapho sisejele German Bandera lisekhona Septhemba 44. Kwakungeyona indawo okubi, equkethwe izigebengu zezombusazwe nje enjalo. AmaJalimane ngokwabo iminyaka emithathu futhi wadedelwa UStepan khulula. Kuyinto kunalokho isenzo wokumelana isimemezelo sakhe geqe Ukraine.

Lezi eminyakeni emithathu Bandera lalingakwazi ukuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe, nakuba wayelokhu exhumana ozakwabo ngomfazi. Nokho, sonke lesi sikhathi, eNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine, lapho Bandera akuyona uphonsa imisebenzi yayo laliqhubeka nokulwa abahlaseli izindawo.

Stepana Bandery ukuphila ngemva kokukhululwa

Lapho esededelwe ngo-September 1944 Bandera enquma ukuhlala ngayohlala eJalimane. Ukungakwazi ubuyele eSoviet Union akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa ukuhlela legatsha kwezilwandle we Oun (B).

Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokusho kwabanye imithombo, yena waba ukubuthwa + kanye nenkosi emsebenzini intelligence counterintelligence eJalimane. Kodwa ngokusho kweminye imithombo, wala sipho.

Kuze kwamashumi amahlanu, le muntu wabahola empilweni bozungu, njengoba kumemezela ekuzingeleni, kodwa ngemva kwalokho wathuthela Munich nomkhaya wakhe. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, wahamba phansi lezinceku, ukuze bazivikele ukuhlaselwa, okuyinto, by the way, babebaningi. Lapha ababemazi ngaphansi kwegama Popel.

Nokho, lokhu akuzange ukumsindisa ekufeni. Ngo-1959, wabulawa iphoyisa le-KGB B. Stashinsky. Bandera shot ebusweni isibhamu-isipetu (okuqukethwe - cyanide potassium). Wayengekhona ukwazi ukulondoloza, endleleni eya esibhedlela washona uStepan. Ngemva bhungu waboshwa wathunyelwa ejele iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ngemva kokuphuma therefrom Stashinsky isiphetho alwaziwa.

Ngemva kokufa Bandera wahlala nomndeni - umkakhe Oparovskaya Yaroslav, indodana Andrew, indodakazi Natalia futhi Les. Naphezu kwazo zonke izenzo zabo, umndeni ayekuthanda kakhulu okwezikhali zamaNtungwa.

yaphela Ngakho ukuphila ngendoda waba ngungqondongqondo ngemuva ukunyakaza ubuzwe eNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine, kanye nomhleli zokubulawa eziningi zezombusazwe. Abalandeli bakhe ngenzé ukubulawa eziningi, icashe umqondo wokuzibusa Ukraine, wenkululeko yayo kusukela Polish, futhi kamuva lokuphikisana neziphathimandla zamaSoviet.

Ngo-2010, Bandera waklonyeliswa isihloko Hero of Ukraine, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi Niye nalahla ke. Nokho, ngo-2011 Supreme Administrative Court Ukraine, kwanqunywa ukuthi lo muntu angeke kubhekwe iqhawe.

Bandera abalandeli ngesikhathi Okwesibili Umhlaba

Ngakho, ngokuqhubeka nemisebenzi yayo ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, Bandera (izithombe zonya namuhla butholakale) ngenkuthalo balwa okokuqala ne-umsebenzi Polish, bese nge amaJalimane ngokuwina iRed Army. Ukrainian mbuso Army (UPA), okuyinto babesekela umbono wokuba kutimela Ukraine UStepan kwamiswa. Izitha bonke babengaphansi - amaJuda, kanye nabasePoland nase-bezinye izizwe. Bonke ubhujiswe.

Kuvele umlandeli oshisekayo futhi umngane Bandera kwaba Roman Shukhevych, ngubani akhe ngabikho cishe kwaholela Oun. Ngo '41 wavuma Ibutho "Nachtigall", elabhujiswa ngo-inani elikhulu abakhileyo ubuzwe Polish komuzi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi futhi zaqala ukunciphisa labantu obunokuthula Ukraine.

Uma sikhuluma okunye mayelana nemisebenzi yakhe, kuba Ibutho zinecala ngokufa kwabakhileyo emzaneni Belarusian ka Khatyn, bamane yesulwe.

Ngaphezu akhawunti yabo kanye nezinye izenzo zobudlova, okungukuthi lokubulala abantu bendawo Korbelisy e naseVolyn. Abaningi babeshiswa bephila. Zonke ngenkathi ebulala abantu ababalelwa 2,800.

zonya Worst ngikudalile emzaneni Lozovaya, lapho abangaphezu kwekhulu abahlala abulawa, futhi ezihlukahlukene ukuxhashazwa.

Kunobunye ubufakazi amashwa izakhamuzi. Cishe zonke izingane asisibo ubuzwe Ukrainian babeboshelwe ukufa, nokufel 'ukholo. idabukile noma otrubyvali izingxenye Ngakho eziningi ezahlukene zomzimba, egwaziwe. Ezinye uyaphila, kuboshelwe isigxobo ngocingo oluhlabayo. It ngempela kwaba izikhathi ezinzima.

Namuhla, kunamabandla mlando zikholelwa ukuthi abameleli Oun-UPA ukujabulela ngempela barbarities eyenziwa yibo. Ngisho amaNazi aseJalimane nabo abazange bajabule ngakho. Le datha kuqoqwa imibiko abopha futhi aphenya Bandera. Iphinde amangalelwe ezinye AmaJalimane ngubani wabambisana nabo.

Bandera njengoba ingxenye UPA

Bandera UPA - kwakheka ibutho elihlomile, okuyinto ilawulwe abaholi Oun (B). It ke waqala ukungena ke abameleli ahlukahlukene ezasekela lesi ukunyakaza futhi umbono wabo.

Injongo yayo oyinhloko kwaba alezi zishoshovu Soviet, kanye ukubhujiswa konke futhi wonke umuntu kwadingeka akukho maqondana Ukraine. Abantu abaningi basayikhumbula nesihluku, lapho wonke umzana wanqunywa kuphela lokho ungowesinye ubuzwe.

Ngesikhathi ukukhululwa kuka iRed Army in the UPA, lapho Babelwela esebenzayo mayelana eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu. Ngamunye wabo waba nesikhundla sabo ecacile yamaSoviet, uhlamvu kanzima kanye nenzondo kubenzi "iBhodi", aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo eminyakeni edlule ka repressions kaStalin.

Nokho, kwakukhona ubuthaka ibutho. Yiqiniso, kanye nezinhlamvu, isibhamu ubunikazi.

Kanjani ukwenza Bandera phakathi nempi

Lapho ekhuluma amacala Bandera njengoba ingxenye UPA ke namuhla, ngezindinganiso izazi-mlando, abasakwazi eminingi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuncike ukufa kwabantu abangaba ngu-200 edolobhaneni Kuta (Armenia nabasePoland). Bonke bamangazwa excised phakathi kohlanga ndawo.

I naseVolyn Massacre owaziwa abathintekayo kukhona nezindawo eziningi. Kwakuyisikhathi esibi. Abanye abaholi be-motion phambi kwethu banamathele kule umbono: ake insimu kuyoba abantu kancane, kodwa ngeke uhlanze Ukraine.

Kulinganiselwa ezihlukahlukene, kuyilapho ukubulawa kwabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili eyikhulu namashumi (futhi kwaba izakhamuzi!) Ngesikhathi izandla kwabantu babesekela umbono wokuba ubuzwe ngaphansi kobuholi UStepan Bandera. Noma yimuphi, ngisho izisusa ephakeme kakhulu, awukwazi bathethelele ukufa ngesihluku kwezingane abantu abaningi kakhulu.

ngxabano Bandera

Bandera cala libangela nokuphikiswa okukhulu kubo abashokobezi Soviet phakathi nempi. Njengoba yokukhululwa Ukraine kusukela amaJalimane iRed Army bandisa yawo futhi ukwakheka UPA. Bazama ukuvimbela ukusungulwa kwezwe "zakhe 'umbuso wamaSoviet. Kwenziwe izenzo ezihlukahlukene ukuketula, isibonelo, ukushiswa izitolo, abhubhise yocingo imigqa, kanye ukubulawa kwabantu ababesezweni iRed Army. Ngezinye izikhathi, imikhaya lonke wanqunywa kuphela iqiniso lokuthi ababeqotho alezi zishoshovu Russian.

amabutho aseSoviet, njengoba yokukhululwa zakhona ezabelwe, eyenziwa ashanele isizwe German-Ukraine. Ezibhujisiwe cishe wonke amaqembu enkulu UPA. Nokho, kwakukhona amayunithi amancane, okuyinto eziya ziba nzima ukubamba.

Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima Ukraine Western. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - Army Soviet, okuyinto eyenziwa ukugqugquzela abantu abadala besilisa. Ngakolunye - ukwakheka UPA, okuyinto yesulwe wonke umuntu kwaba okungenani e exhunywe yamaSoviet ngandlela-thile.

Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II on ensimini ukuze uyeke amaqembu ubuzwe bathunyelwa abasebenzi NKGB kanye NKVD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lucwaningo umsebenzi ochazayo phakathi kwabantu, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi wadala okubizwa ngokuthi "mabutho abhubhisayo." Basiza ekuqedweni engamalungu amaqembu ezigebengu.

Bandera Ukulwa waqhubeka kwaze kwaba zamashumi amahlanu, lapho ekugcineni wanqoba amaqembu komhlaba Oun-UPA.

Bandera abalandeli isikhathi sanamuhla

Kuze kube manje, insimu Ukrainian kungenzeka ukuba bagcine abalandeli imvuselelo Stepana Bandery. Nokho, abaningi base-Ukraine baye bamukela umbono ubuzwe, siye likhohlwe nyá nalezo zikhathi ezishaqisayo, okwakukhona ngaleso sikhathi. Mhlawumbe ngisho uwathole izaba. UStepan Bandera baba isithombe abantu abaningi abasha, njengoba yake. Abanye abantu asebebadala bakholwe (nokuzisola) ukuthi akuwona wonke Bandera babhujiswe unomphela. nogogo nomkhulu bayo. Imibono iyahlukana, uqine kakhulu.

Abasekeli nabalandeli ngumholi we Oun bagubha usuku lokuzalwa Thixo wakhe ithoshi udwendwe, amafulegi red-no-black. Khangela, basibekele ubuso babo, futhi armbands zibambe ekumeni kwakhe. Odwendweni senzeka cishe kulo lonke idolobha, kodwa kungenzeki yonke indawo. Abanye abantu sengqondo ngempela ophambene okunjalo eliqhakazile udumisa Stepana Bandery.

Njengoba for imibono yabantu, i-Bandera yesimanje e-Ukraine wayikhipha ezazingaphambi kwayo. Ngisho kwesiqubulo esithi "Udumo Ukraine - Heroes Inkazimulo" waba lathathwa kubo.

Umfanekiso abalandeli Stepana Bandery

A uphawu Abashisekeli bezwe lanamuhla, kanye ezikhathini ezidlule, indwangu ebomvu bese black. Leli fulegi Bandera sivunyiwe emuva ngo-1941. Limele ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, umzabalazo wokulwa umsebenzi emazweni Ukraine. Nokho, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II it is hhayi ngokuvamile esetshenziswa, njengoba esikhathini samanje.

Uma sikhuluma ngokukhethekile mayelana ifulege, lezi imibala batholakala emazweni amaningi anjalo izenzakalo wamavukelambuso. Ngokwesibonelo, iye yasetshenziswa kaningi kakhulu e-Latin America.

Ngakho, lapho ucabangela: "Bandera - obani laba bantu?" Ngidinga yisho ukumaka kwabo ngemva Independence of Ukraine futhi izenzakalo ezalandela lapho isibe liyabonakala kakhulu.

ezikhumbuzo Sanamuhla Bandera kanye izisulu zakhe

Namuhla, kunamabandla izikhumbuzo eziningi okusikhumbuza ezenzweni zobudlova ezinyantisayo yi izisulu futhi ubani uyasala Bandera phakathi nempi. Basuke etholakala emadolobheni amaningi kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Inani elikhulu kubo zitholakala e Lviv nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Futhi, zikhona ezinye izingosi ezinjalo e Lugansk, Svatovo, Shalygin e Simferopol, e yaseVolyn futhi Ternopil izifunda.

EPoland, emzini Legnica, kukhona yezitolo wonke anikezelwe izisulu UIA. Wroclaw kuyinto lesikhumbuzo-Mausoleum kukhunjulwa izisulu, ngubani bawa Oun-UIA eminyakeni 39-47 of leminyaka elidlule.

Nokho, kukhona futhi isikhumbuzo Bandera kanye ePoland. Kuyinto eduze Radymno. Ngokungemthetho ifakiwe, kukhona ngisho umyalelo ukubhidliza izakhiwo zalo, kodwa yisikhumbuzo namanje Asizisoli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezakhiwo eziningana ukuze UStepan Bandera. Intshonalanga ye-Ukraine asakaza isamba elanele - kusukela ezikhumbuzo ezinkulu ukuze busts encane. Kukhona futhi phesheya, isib eJalimane, lapho wangcwatshwa umholi we-Ukrainian ukunyakaza ubuzwe.