Kuyini meteorite ngobukhulu eyawela emhlabeni?

Ososayensi-akhona kusukela Canada baphikisa ngokuthi yokucucuza mass wazo bombarding ukubhekakade iplanethi yethu, kunyaka idlula amathani 21. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi angaliboni esinjengesomuntu bangase bazibone futhi uthole emkhathini kuphela habitable zone.

Ingxenye womhlaba we Earth% 29 kuphela, lonke iplanethi elalihlala izilwandle. Kodwa lezi 29% zenzeke hhayi uhlalwe abantu noma ukuba kuhlalwe wokuhlala. Ngakho ukuthola izindawo ezinezigaxa zamadwala - yimpumelelo enkulu. Nokho, kwaba khona icala lapho meteorite Wathola lapho umuntu.

Lihlehlisiwe icala ukushayisana we meteorite nendoda

Kuwo wonke umlando ukuwa mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini uMhlaba is ngokusemthethweni eyodwa kuphela icala olubhaliwe ukuthintana ngqo nomuntu meteorite ezaziwayo.

Kwathi e-United States 30 Novemba 1954. meteorite Chetyrehkilogrammovy hit kophahla lwendlu, abalimele umlenze wakhe senkosikazi. Ngakho, ingozi ukuthi alingana nekhanda lomuntu angawa izivakashi lubucayi kakhudlwana kuvela emkhathini, kanti zisuke zisekhona. Kazi yini meteorite ngobukhulu wawa eplanethini yethu?

Emkhathini zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: itshe iron eningi nokusansimbi. Futhi kulezi zigaba has imidondoshiya yayo.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke meteorite itshe

Esanda kutholakala, Mashi 8, 1976, wanikeza isikhala isipho Chinese we eshaweni Meteor. Amatshe awela ebusweni imizuzu 37. Omunye zezinhlobo bawa esingamathani angaba 1.77. Kwaba meteorite ngobukhulu ukuthi wawa phansi, ukuba isakhiwo itshe. Lesi sigameko senzeke eduze sifundazwe Chinese Jilin. Igama elifanayo lanikezwa Isikhala isivakashi.

Kuze kube manje, Jilin meteorite iyona enkulu kunazo zonke itshe meteorite ezitholakala emhlabeni.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke-yensimbi meteorite

Omele elikhulu meteorite isigaba Iron esingamathani angaba 1.5. Sithole ke 1805 eJalimane.

meteorite Zakhamizi isiJalimane, atholakala Australia, kuhlaziywe kg 100 kuphela esingaphansi German.

Kodwa zonke uvelile ngaphambi yensimbi isivakashi kuvela emkhathini, kanti isisindo okwakukhona kayishumi kunabo bonke emkhathini ngaphambilini ezitholakele.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke yensimbi meteorite

Ngo-1920, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye Namibia, kwatholakala i meteorite yensimbi ngenhloso ububanzi 2.7 amamitha kanye nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-66! Sondeza kulokhu emhlabeni abakatholi. Kwatholakala ukuba meteorite ngobukhulu owawa Earth. Igama wanikwa yokudumisa ipulazi Hoba West, umnikazi okuyinto luhlangabezane kuye ngesikhathi ukutshala ensimini. yobudala lesilinganisiwe yensimbi izigaxa kuyinto Iminyaka ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80..

Kuze kube manje, meteorite Goba kuyinto block esikhulu esisodwa yensimbi zemvelo.

Ngo-1955, izindawo ezinezigaxa zamadwala ngobukhulu ukuthi wawa phansi, Goba, kwathiwa amagugu esizwe futhi ibekwe ngaphansi Ukuvikelwa isimo. Kwakuyisikhathi nesilinganiso esifanele, kusukela eminyakeni engu-35, kuyilapho meteorite kwaba in the domain yomphakathi, walahlekelwa nenqwaba amathani 6. Ingxenye isisindo lulahlekile ngenxa kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo - ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Kodwa umnikelo eziyinhloko "neminye" inqubo alethwe izivakashi eziningi. Manje ukuya nendikimba ethile esemkhathini kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kweso kanye ngemali ethile.

Emkhathini, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yebo, yiwona ngobukhulu esigabeni sabo bonke ngaphambilini itholiwe. Kodwa umbuzo yini meteorite enkulu wawela phansi, futhi wahlala evulekile.

Meteorite eyabulala izibankwakazi

Wonke umuntu uyazi indaba edabukisayo ukushabalala izibankwakazi. On imbangela izazi zifile namanje phikisana, kodwa inguqulo ukuthi imbangela nhlekelele kwaba meteorite kusalokhu ezinkulu.

Ngokusho ososayensi, eminyakeni million 65 edlule Umhlaba ihlaselwe meteorite omkhulu oholele owayenecala ngale nhlekelele ngezinga elingelikhulu kwamaplanethi. Meteorite yawela endaweni, okuyinto manje kungokwalabo Mexico - nhlonhlo Yukotan, eduze nedolobhana Chicxulub. Ubufakazi balokhu kwaba ukuwa 1970 wathola i wentaba umthelela. Kodwa njengoba ukucindezeleka laligcwele amadwala sedimentary, bahlolisise meteorite ayizange. Futhi eminyakeni engu-20 kuphela kamuva, ososayensi wabuyela isifundo sakhe.

Ngenxa yalokhu umsebenzi wembula ukuthi wentaba kwesokunxele kwemvula yezinkanyezi ezinomsila, kuba 180 km ububanzi. Ububanzi we meteorite ngokwawo mayelana 10 km. Falling Impact amandla kwaba 100 000 TM e TNT (lokhu okungaqhathaniswa ukuqhuma kanyekanye 2.000.000 amacala ngobukhulu Fusion).

Kusolwa ukuthi ngenxa umthelela meteorite kwakhiwa ukuphakama-tsunami wave ngesikhathi esifanayo ahluka amamitha 50 kuya ku-100. Kuphakanyisiwe nge umthelela uthuli kuleli uvalwe waqiniswa iminyaka eminingi Umhlaba eLangeni, esiye saholela eyisimanga kwesimo sezulu. imvula Acid futhi yansukuzonke emikhulu imililo, kuzenza zibe zimbi nakakhulu isimo. Emhlabeni wafika Analogue ebusika zenuzi. Ngenxa yalokho le nhlekelele wafa 75% izilwane nezitshalo ngokunganaki.

Noma kunjalo ngokusemthethweni Chiksulubsky meteorite - meteorite ngobukhulu ukuthi wawela umhlaba iminyaka eyizigidi 65 edlule. He cishe wabhubhisa yonke ekuphileni emhlabeni. Kodwa emlandweni emkhathini kuwele Umhlaba ngobukhulu ke ithatha indawo yesithathu kuphela.

Eyokuqala phakathi imidondoshiya

Kucatshangwa 2 billion edlule a meteorite wawela umhlaba, owahamba nokuncane ku ubuso bayo ngenhloso ububanzi km 300. Kwayena owayengumFarisi meteorite kusolakala kwadingeka ububanzi engaphezu kuka-15 km.

Lesi sigodi ngakwesokunxele ngemva kokuwa, kuyinto eNingizimu Afrika, esifundazweni i-Free State futhi njengoba Vredefort ezaziwayo. Lona ngobukhulu nomthelela kulesi sigodi, futhi washiya ke meteorite ngobukhulu owawa Emhlabeni emlandweni iplanethi yethu. Ngo-2005, indunduma Vredefort sasitholakala njengoba UNESCO Site. Meteorite ngobukhulu eyawela emhlabeni, isithombe ku inkumbulo ngokwakhe akazange ashiye Nokho, isibazi omkhulu ngeke sivumele ukukhohlwa ngakho ngesimo emgodini phezu iplanethi yethu.

It is waphawula ukuthi ekwindla ka emkhathini, ogama Ubukhulu kulinganiswa at amashumi okungenani amamitha, kwenzeka ngezikhathi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambili. A emkhathini emikhulu ngisho nokuwa lingandile.

Ososayensi babikezela ukuthi 2029 Earth ufuna ukubona isivakashi esisha.

Meteorite okuthiwa Apophis

Meteorite okusongelayo iplanethi yethu, yaqanjwa ngokuthi Apophis (igama zmeeboga, okuyinto okuyinto ephambene welanga uRa eGibhithe lasendulo). Beka phansi noma ulahlekelwa futhi sidlule eduze iplanethi, akwaziwa. Kodwa kwenzekani uma namanje uhlangabezana zenzeka?

ukushayisana simo Apophis ne-Earth

Ngakho, kuyaziwa ukuthi ububanzi Apophis elingamamitha 320 kuphela. Uma uwa Emhlabeni kwenzeka kuqhuma, belingana umthamo wayo amabhomu 15 000 eHiroshima.

Uma Apofis bamukele ezwekazini, khona kuzoba nomthelela wentaba kokuba ka 400-500 amamitha ukujula kanye ububanzi of kuze 5 km. I kwaphumela kuqhuma wave uzobhubhisa isakhiwo dolobha at ibanga km 50 kusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona. Izakhiwo abanayo ngamandla indlu ngezitini bayobhujiswa at ibanga 100-150 km. ifu uthuli ikhuphukela ukuphakama amakhilomitha amaningana, bese izovala yonke iplanethi.

Izindaba asakazwa abezindaba mayelana zenuzi ebusika futhi ekupheleni izwe kakhulu ihaba. Ubukhulu of meteorite ngoba imiphumela enjalo ezincane kakhulu. Mhlawumbe ukwehlisa amazinga okushisa ngokushutheka lesi 1-2 degrees, kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha sibuyisela kokuvamile. Lokho wawusho inhlekelele, uma kusenzeka ukuba kude global.

Uma Apophis uwela olwandle, okuyinto engcono kakhulu zivele tsunami izovala ezindaweni ezisogwini. Wave ukuphakama kulokhu kuzoncika ibanga phakathi ogwini nezindawo meteorite. Igagasi kokuqala kungase kudingeke ukuphakama kwamamitha 500, kodwa uma Apophis bayowa phakathi nolwandle, igagasi lifika ngasogwini, ngeke idlule 10-20 amamitha. Nakuba liphinde sina ngempela. Leso sichotho sashiya kukhalwa uzoqhubeka amahora ambalwa. Zonke lezi zenzakalo kufanele kubhekwe kuphela ngangokunokwenzeka nge okungenzeka ezithile. Ngakho yini noma cha Apophis nazo iplanethi yethu?

Amathuba Apophis ukushaya phansi

Apophis ngeke kwakuthiwa ukusongela iplanethi yethu kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala - in 2029, bese - ku 2036-m. Ngemuva kokwenza kokuma usebenzisa radar iqembu lososayensi ematfuba ukushayisana we meteorite ne umhlaba ayifakiwe ngokuphelele. Njengoba for 2036, njengoba namhlanje ukungqubuzana ithuba meteorite ne Earth 1: 250 000. Futhi unyaka ngamunye okwandisa ukunemba izibalo ukushayisana okungenzeka incipha.

Kodwa ngisho nge Amathuba anjalo uchaza izinguqulo ezihlukahlukene ukuphambuka ophoqelelwe enkambweni Apophis. Ngakho Apofis uyinto isithakazelo kunalokho zokushaya kuka ethwele usongo.

Ekugcineni, siphawula ukuthi emkhathini kakhulu phansi lapho engena emkhathini womhlaba. Lapho esondela izinga ezweni ekwindla ka izivakashi ezivela Isikhala 10-70 km / s, futhi nabo isimo igesi kokuba kwabantu kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu, izindawo ezinezigaxa zamadwala lokushisa ukukhuphuka ezibucayi, futhi umane ashisiwe noma kakhulu kakhulu okonakele. Ngakho, isimo kuyiplanethi yethu umvikeli esinamandla kunazo zonke ekulweni bangaphandle.