EsiGungwini - kuyinto ... Holy esiGungwini of Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia

IThe Holy esiGungwini - esikhathini esidlule aphakeme ebusayo of izindaba iSonto Lobu-Orthodox. It eziqhutshwa 1721 kuya ku-1918. On the UMkhandlu weNdawo ka Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia 1917 - 1918, kwanqunywa kwayo esigungwini sabefundisi abakhulu. Okwamanje, le umzimba edlala kuphela indima ezincane ezindabeni zesonto.

Church of the nkathi yakuqala

ROC yasungulwa ngo 988. abefundisi Okokuqala isakhiwo phezulu yokutholwa e Istanbul. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka alandelayo 9 isonto isiRashiya kwakuwulimi incike yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Esikhathini kusuka 988 e 1589 wayekwenza mitropolitskoe kudivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela 1589 kuya 1720 wayeyinhloko Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto. Futhi kusukela 1721 kuya ku-1918 esontweni lalibuswa esiGungwini. Okwamanje, ukuphela kombusi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Kirill kuyinto. Namuhla esiGungwini - lena nje isigungu esibunjwe.

Imithetho Universal Church

Ngokusho imithetho jikelele esiGungwini emhlabeni wamasiko ungaba yokwahlulela, yokushaya imithetho yokulawula, kanye yengamela amandla zokulawula. Ukuxoxa isimo ezivezwa umuntu wokuziphilisa aqokwe kaHulumeni. Izidumbu elandelayo amiselwe umsebenzi ephumelelayo esiGungwini:

1. Synodal Office.
2. ekomidini Engokomoya ukufunda.
3. Ukuphathwa Synodal zokunyathelisa.
4. IHhovisi SaseJudiya.
5. amabhodi Engokomoya esikoleni.
6. ukuphathwa Economic.

ROC sehlukaniswe dioceses, imikhawulo okuyinto uqondane imingcele izindawo isimo. Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu esiGungwini kumelwe abe abapristi, Kunconywa amakholwa. Ukutholwa zabo ababenamathele kuzo umhlangano ophuthumayo esiGungwini of Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia (2 izikhathi ngonyaka).

Ukudala Imithetho Ezingokomoya

iziqondiso Ezingokomoya sidaliwe ngomyalo uPetru mina, Metropolitan Feofanom Prokopovichem. Lo mbhalo kubonisa yonke imithetho isonto lasendulo. Ebhekene ukumelana izinguquko abefundisi, uMbusi Russian futhi waqala ukuqedwa amandla ngamadoda kanye ukusungulwa esiGungwini. Ngokungangabazeki Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwakungemva kokuphika uJesu, futhi emva kusungulwa sokuba SaseJudiya, le ROC elahlekile uzibuse wombuso.

izizathu Esemthethweni lokuphathwa Isonto esiGungwini

Okudingekayo ukuze okuyinto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia liye kanye wamukela kuba lolu hlobo ukuphathwa (umyalo uPetru I), ezisohlwini Regulation Engokomoya zazimi kanje:

1. abefundisi eziningana zingakusiza uthole iqiniso okuyilonalona isheshe futhi bangcono kunoyedwa.
2. Iziphathimandla Solutions lombhishobhi uzoba isisindo okukhulu negunya ngaphandle izinqumo ngomuntu oyedwa.
3. Uma ukugula noma ukufa umbusi kuphela kunjalo ngeke kumisiwe.
4. Abantu abaningana kungathatha izinqumo ezibonisa ukungakhethi kude angaphezu kwelilodwa.
5. Iziphathimandla kunzima kakhulu ukuthonya phezu inombolo esikhulu sabapristi, ngaphandle ukuphela kombusi wesonto.
6. Kokunye umuntu onjalo angase lokusungula amandla nokuziqhenya. abantu Common ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyoba nzima ukuhlukanisa esontweni kusukela monarshestva.
7. IsiGungu Esingcwele seSonto Ungahlala asilahle izenzo ezingekho emthethweni ukuthi elinye lamalungu ayo. Ukuze ukuveza izinqumo ayilungile Umbhishobhi kufanele ngokuthi abefundisi Eastern. Kodwa kuyabiza futhi eside.
8. EsiGungwini - ngokuyinhloko uhlobo esikoleni lapho ngaphezulu amalungu abanolwazi bangafundisa Wabasaqalayo ibhizinisi ukuphathwa isonto. Ngakho, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo.

Isici esiyinhloko Russian esiGungwini

Isici sici okudalwe esiGungwini isiRashiya kwakuwulimi watshela hierarchically elilingana izinzalamizi Eastern. emizimbeni okunjalo kwamanye amazwe Orthodox idlalwe kuphela indima ezincane ebunhlokweni ematheni indoda. emhlanganweni wesigungu ngesiGreki kuphela elaba namandla efanayo ngaphakathi siqu izwe emasontweni abo njengoba Russian. Endlini KaNkulunkulu kwala mazwe womabili bebelokhu kudivayisi yakho kuningi abafana ngakho. izinzalamizi Eastern ngokuthi "umzalwane othandekayo eNkosini," isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, okungukuthi, siqaphele amandla ayo elilingana eyakhe.

I-mlando ingxenye esiGungwini

Ekuqaleni, indikimba ebusayo lalinabashumayeli:

1. UMongameli (Stefan Jaworski - Metropolitan of Ryazan);
2. Vice-oMongameli e nenani abantu ababili;
3. Advisors futhi bahloli (abantu 4).

amalungu esiGungwini abangu bakhethwa hlangana archimandrites, ababhishobhi, abbots futhi archpriests ezisemadolobheni. imithetho Isonto zenziwa ukuthi ivikele nenkululeko nombono wokufaka. Ngakho esiGungwini akuzange kudingeke ukuba iqhaza kokubili abbots futhi Archpriests nge limi phezu kwaso ababhishobhi. Ngemva kokufa Stefana Yavorskogo isikhundla Usihlalo uyekwa. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, wonke amalungu esiGungwini abangu equalized e amalungelo. Nge yokwakheka komzimba kushintsha njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho, ngo-1763 kwakugcwele 6 abantu (ababhishobhi 3, futhi 1 2 Archimandrite uFata). On 1819 - 7 abantu.

Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuba isinqumo ukusungulwa esiGungwini kwalandelwa anawo ubulungu le nkosi kule umzimba elengamele umuntu wokuziphilisa. Wakhethwa ukumela isimo izikhulu ehloniphekayo. It elibizwa pha him isikhundla "umbusi induna esiGungwini." Ngokusho imiyalelo evunywe nkosi le ndoda 'iso kaKesari kanye koMmeli for Public. " Ngo 1726 emhlanganweni wesigungu wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye ezimbili - izindleko ngokomoya futhi temporal.

Umlando omfishane abaphathi synodal kusuka 1721 kuya ku-1918.

Eminyakeni yokuqala ka nethonya elikhulu izinqumo esiGungwini kwaba Bishop Theophane. incwadi Ngiphakathi isonto akukwazanga ukushicilelwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Lo muntu wayengumngane Bismarck futhi Osterman futhi bonke ababhishobhi, ngandlela-thile, kwakuyimizi ngenkinga yakhe. Lawo mandla angenye Theophane safinyelela ngemva kokuwa Elikhulu Party esiGungwini. Ngaleso sikhathi, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange ayedabula nezikhathi ezinzima. I udweshu phakathi casula Ioannovnoy nendodakazi sikaPeter Omkhulu okubangelwa ngokushushiswa abasekeli zokugcina. Uma wonke amalungu esiGungwini Feofan ngaphandle yesijeziso sokubalahla babemane sichithiwe, futhi esikhundleni sawo esimisiwe nezinye, abaqotho kakhulu kuye. Yiqiniso, ngemva kwalokho-ke ifinyelele i amandla engakaze ibonwe. Theophanes washona ngo 1736

Ekugcineni, u-Elizabeth okwamanje enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngemva kwalokho, bonke izixhumanisi sikhathi abapristi abadingisiwe Theophanes esebuyile. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe kwaba omunye the best for the Russian Orthodox esiGungwini. Nokho, iNdlovukazi sabefundisi usengakathelwa walulama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, useqokwe nokungababekezeleli ikakhulukazi Umshushisi omkhulu J. Shahovsky, ayedume kube adherent abashisekayo eziyimbangela.

Phakathi nokubusa uPetru III isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia usephoqeleke ukuba sikhuthazele ithonya isiJalimane, Nokho, okuyinto laphela kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi uCatherine II. Ayikho ezintsha ethize, leli indlovukazi esiGungwini is lenziwa. Into nje akwenzileyo - valiwe ekolishi ukonga. Ngakho, esiGungwini baba futhi onobunye.

Ngaphansi u-Alexander I kumshushisi omkhulu iba Prince AN Golitsyn, njengoba kwasho insizwa egama ayedume kube umxhasi zonke izinhlobo amahlelo ezingaqondakali. Njengoba indoda okusebenzayo, kungacatshangelwa nokucatshangelwa kuyazuzisa esiGungwini, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni. isonto ovelele Nicholas ngaba Filaret, elakhiwe umbusi isikhundla sokuba wedolobha 1826. Kusukela 1842, umpristi, wayesethatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo umsebenzi esiGungwini.

"Zobumnyama" we esiGungwini of ekuqaleni XX leminyaka

Isizathu esiyinhloko kubuyela sabefundisi ngo-1917 - 18 iminyaka. Kwaba ukuphazamiseka ezindabeni zesonto ukuphathwa Rasputin kanye okubi kakhulu isimo sezombangazwe emhlabeni umzimba. EsiGungwini - kuyinto bangasephula le iziKhulu. Izenzakalo ezihambisana nokuba kokufa ilungu igunya komzimba Anthony aphoyintimenti endaweni yakhe Metropolitan uVladimir, futhi kamuva Pitirim kwaholela bokhela akwamukelekile phezulu abaphathi isonto izinkanuko kwenza umoya osindayo nokungathembani. Metropolitan Pitirim abefundisi abaningi uyazicabangela "Rasputinists".

Uma sicabanga ukuthi ekupheleni 1916, namanye amalungu amaningi esiGungwini babe abalandeli henchman yenkosi (isibonelo, induna umshushisi Raev, ekuphatheni ehhovisi Guriev nomsizi wakhe Mudrolyubov), isonto sabukeka cishe main ukuphikiswa sobukhosi. Amalungu umzimba ukuphathwa ngubani ezakho neqembu elikhethekile "Rasputinists" wesaba waphinda bengasheshi ukuveza imibono yabo, ngoba siyazi ukuthi ngeke ngokushesha sidluliselwe Tsarskoye Selo. Ukusebenza izindaba has, eqinisweni, hhayi esiGungwini leSonto Lobu-Orthodox futhi mathupha Rasputin.

Buyela kokubusa wezinzalamizi

Ngemva inguquko Februwari 1917, Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, ukuze alungise lesi simo, wakhipha isimemezelo ku ukuxoshwa wonke amalungu lomzimba ukubiza entsha session ehlobo. Okwesihlanu August 1917 waqeda yomnyango Umshushisi omkhulu futhi Ministry esungulwe izinkolo. Izimiso walo mzimba egameni esiGungwini ashicilelwe kuze kube uJanuwari 18, 1918 Njengoba Februwari 14, 1918, Ukulungiswa lokugcina Council yanyatheliswa. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, isiphathimandla se-isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto lidlule inzalamizi. Ngokwakhe le umzimba waba ngokuhlanganyela.

Izici isakhiwo kanye namandla we-esiGungwini yesimanje

Namuhla, isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ingumtimba lowelulekako inzalamizi. Kuhlanganisa amalungu unomphela futhi yesikhashana. I last ngokuthi emihlanganweni dioceses yabo futhi futhi sichithiwe ngaphandle ukwabela ubulungu esiGungwini. Namuhla, le umzimba unelungelo ukuchibiyela imithetho Imithetho Ezingokomoya nezincazelo ngaphambilini wabathuma ukuvunywa ukuba Umbhishobhi.

Usihlalo namalungu unomphela

Namuhla wahola ROC esiGungwini (wakhonza njengombonisi usihlalo), uMphathi Kirill Gundyaev. amalungu Permanent kukhona Metropolitans:

1. Kiev ne All Ukraine uVladimir.
2. Ladoga futhi Petersburg, uVladimir.
3. Futhi Slutsk Minskiy Filaret.
4. Zonke Moldova uVladimir futhi Chisinau.
5. Kolomna futhi Krutitsy Juvenal.
6. Kazakhstan futhi Astanayskiy Aleksandr.
7. Elise-Asia Ephakathi Vincent.
8. Umqondisi we Sabefundisi eMoscow Mordovia kwaseSaransk Metropolitan Varsonofy.
9. Usihlalo uMnyango Relations yangaphandle ye Sabefundisi eMoscow, Metropolitan Volokolamskiy Illarion.

Indawo

Ngokushesha ngemva kokumiswa esiGungwini kwaba Petersburg ku City Island. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile Lapho umhlangano uqala nje owawuzoba kwakhiwe Amakolishi Nambili. Ngo-1835, isiGungu iyiswe iSigele Square. Ngezikhathi ezithile umhlangano idluliselwe eMoscow. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi wokugcotshwa ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha. Ngo-August 1917 esiGungwini lagcina lithuthele eMoscow. Ngaphambi kwalokhu lapho kwadingeka ehhovisi Synodal kuphela.

Ngo-1922, i-Umbhishobhi omkhulu waboshwa. Umhlangano wokuqala esiGungwini owawuse emihlanu nje kamuva, ngo-1927. Khona-ke ukubhalisa ROC izuzwe Metropolitan uSergiyu of Nizhny Novgorod. Wahlela nabo yesikhashana wezinzalamizi esiGungwini. Nokho, entwasahlobo ka-1935 isitho kwaphinde yahlakazeka ekuthatheni isinyathelo neziphathimandla.

esiGungwini unomphela

Ngo-1943, ngesikhathi UMkhandlu WabaBhishobhi emhlanganweni wesigungu unomphela wakhethwa, Emakilasini olwaqala ozoba esikhaleni olunikezwa endlini kukaStalin №5 e Sula Lane. Ngezikhathi ezithile bayiswa emakamelweni Umbhishobhi sika KuZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra. Kusukela 2009, imihlangano yayiqhutshelwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ku ngokukhetha yeSonto. Ngo-2011, ngo-December, ke wavulwa ngayingcwelisa esiGungwini yokuhlala yenzalamizi ku elilungisiwe St Daniel Monastery. Kulapha lidlule muva okwamanje umhlangano, labavulekela October 2, 2013.

Umhlangano wokugcina

Emhlanganweni wokugcina (labetibambile ngo-Okthoba 2013), ukunaka kakhulu sakhokhwa ukugubha iminyaka engu-1025th we Ukubhapathizwa Russia. Okubalulekile anele isonto esiGungwini lesinqumo isidingo ukuqhubeka isiko iIgama ngoba zonke weminyaka, ngokubambisana neNhlangano zikahulumeni. amandla. Futhi emhlanganweni kwaxoxwa nezindaba on ukusungulwa dioceses entsha ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe futhi isabelo abefundisi kulesi sikhundla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abapristi bathatha weMithethonqubo izinhlelo ezihlobene lokuqeqesha intsha, kanye sevangeli kanye nemisebenzi sezenhlalo.

Russian Modern iSonto Lobu-Orthodox esiGungwini, nakuba ayengafiki ebusayo, kusenzima ifeza indima ebalulekile empilweni yebandla. isinqumo sayo futhi izinqumo kubopha wonke dioceses. Iposi ka SaseJudiya okwamanje ayikho. Njengoba wonke umuntu uyazi, isonto isimo, thina ahlukaniswe. Futhi nethonya elikhulu kangaka kunqubomgomo kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle, naphezu kokubusa ngamadoda kanye ukuzimela yesimanje, kodwa akunjalo. Okungukuthi, igunya lomphakathi akusiyo.