Umlando yokukhangisa

Ukukhangisa ... Namuhla uhlanganyela nathi yonke indawo: amaphosta kanye amabhanela, amabhanela ezikhangiso, izitika, izibhengezo, pennants, ze-TV, ezinye izindlela eziningi elisitshela ukuba ukuthenga, vakashela, zama ... Futhi lapho kwakukhona ukukhangisa lokuqala?

Imivubukulo ibonisa ukuthi ngisho endulo ukuba lo mkhuba aphathwe njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi umlando ukukhangisa elisuka eGibhithe lasendulo. Okungenani, papyrus kuqala nge isimemezelo ukudayiswa isigqila Kuye kwatholakala kulelizwe. Ngandlela-thile kamuva, endaweni neRoma lasendulo lasendulo, izazi-mlando eziye ezitholakala amabhodi amaningi, ithambo amapuleti, zethusi amapuleti, equkethe ulwazi mayelana ukudayiswa kwezimpahla ezithile. Yalotshwa emuva 6 noma 8 yeminyaka BC.

Umlando yokukhangisa, abacwaningi bathola, iqala obhekwe ukuhweba. Ibhalwe ku ezihlukahlukene abezindaba (-papyrus, ithusi, ithambo) Imininingwane ke ayefundwa ngokuzwakalayo ngolimi izindawo eziminyene kakhulu. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ngenjongo yokukhangisa izikhangiso kwaba ukuheha isithakazelo, ukuqonda entsha ezingqondweni abathengi ezingaba khona. Abadayisi, ngokusebenzisa umsindo, ezibukwayo, izindlela ezibhaliwe, zaphoqa abathengi ukwenza ezikhangayo ilungele abakhangisi izenzo.

Umlando yokukhangisa kusikisela ukuthi luyingqophamlando ukuthuthukiswa zalesi simo saqala ngo-1472. Ngandlela-thile ekuqaleni, yasungulwa yokunyathelisa, okungukuthi kulo nyaka kuhlehlela emuva lokuqala olunyathelisiwe isikhangiso. Watholwa emnyango wesonto, futhi kubikwa ku ukudayiswa umthandazo.

Ukukhangisa ku wabezindaba siqala ngo-1630. Engumthengisi engumFulentshi uTheophrastus Renaudot kwaba izikhangiso isibonisi "kusho iphephandaba lesiFulentshi". Omunye wabantu bokuqala - mayelana umvuzo esezingeni elifanele, izwe uzothola umuntu ukuze ucacise indawo amaningana amahhashi intshontshiwe.

Ngesikhathi kufika ukukhangisa banner kuqala. It ifakwe ekupheleni yokuhlukanisa we induku ephepheni ukubhala isivivinyo, ukudweba isithombe. Wavalelwa efasiteleni omunye engabizi courgettes French: ikhangiswe ekhishini yayo engabizi.

With ukuthuthukiswa umlando yezimboni ukukhangisa waqala ukuthola isivinini. Kusukela 1839 kulokhu esebenzisa izithombe. Futhi kwakukhona indlulamithi lokuqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, engesiyo ngakho ihluke kakhulu kwethi lanamuhla. Ithimba lakhe wathenga strip ephephandabeni, bese zidayiselwe kubo abakhangisi ngentengo ephakeme.

ERussia, umlando ukukhangisa uye savela ngokushesha nje. Okudumile e-Shill 10-11 ubudala washintsha mikhondo ethandwa, ngokushesha wanikela igunya ukukhangisa izithupha. Ngemva kwesikhashana, amapheshana colorful yaqala avele amafasitela kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni, base ehlotshisiwe tram, trams. izikhungo eziningi ezinyathelisiwe amakhalenda noxhumana nabo. Lalivulwe amahhovisi eziningi onguchwepheshe ukukhangisa.

Kancane kancane nokuthuthukisa, izimemezelo, amakhalenda nokunye. Wasinda kuze izinsuku zethu.

Eminyakeni 90 umlando ukukhangisa yezenhlalakahle iqala eRussia. Namuhla, idlala indima ebalulekile ukwakha ubuhlobo omuhle phakathi kwezakhamizi kanye isimo. Komphakathi engenzi-nzuzo ukukhangisa ubiza ukulwa nendluzula, nothando lwabazali ukukhulisa izingane zabo ngendlela efanele, ukuvikela imvelo, njll

Njengoba sekunama-ukukhangisa Inthanethi kwenza umlando libe isenzakalo esisha. Inethiwekhi akajwayelene ukuba abantu abaningi, kodwa "zitholakale zobuchwepheshe" kakade kuthunyelwa amakheli e-imeyili neminye imininingwane ngamunye efanele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lwamakheli kwase, kunenkolelo yokuthi umlando ukukhangisa Inthanethi iqala Nineties. Lokhu, ngokusho kongoti, kwaba "segolide isikhathi ugaxekile," futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umsuka banner ukukhangisa.

Namuhla, ukukhangisa kuwebhu uvelile zonke umcabango kanye amathemba lalinamandla. Kodwa lokhu akulona kwendaba.