Imimoya Nikolay Leonidovich, umklami yaseSoviet yokuthuthela izimoto armored: Biography emfushane

Imimoya Nikolay Leonidovich - umklami induna Kirov ithangi isitshalo. Yena negalelo elikhulu enkululekweni ukuze Ukunqoba e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Izithelo Dukhov imisebenzi zazibaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela i-USSR. Siyabonga naye, okunguye yedwa US zenuzi ukuthi iqedwe.

umndeni

Imimoya NL ozalwa Okthoba 26, 1904 ku le Poltava esifundeni, emzaneni Veprik. Mary M., unina eyindodakazi umninindawo abampofu. Leonid, ubaba wami wayekhonza njengomdala umsizi wezokwelapha. Wabe esethuthela kwenye imboni kashukela endaweni lapho wahlala umfazi esizayo. Ngemva konyaka komshado, leonid futhi UNikolai UMariya wazalelwa.

kumiswa

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-7, uNicholas waya esikoleni sabaqalayo emaphandleni Veprik. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zakhe ngo-1914, ngaqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e Gadyachsky sokuzivocavoca classical. Le mfundiso olukhulu izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, okuvumela imimoya kahle yingcweti isiNgisi, isiJalimane nesiFulentshi. Ngo-1919, isikole yaguqulwa esikoleni lomtshikatshika esigabeni 2nd. Nicholas iziqu ke ngo-1920

Ithuba ukuqhubeka nemfundo Nicholas yavela eminyakeni 22 kuphela ubudala. Ukusetha i-Komsomol kokuhlangana kwanqunywa ukunikeza wemimoya ithikithi kuya ubuhlakani isisebenzi we laseKharkov kokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nokuqalisa geodetic. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zakhe, wakwazi ukungena ngaphandle luhlolo eLeningrad Polytechnic waseyunivesithi e umnyango mechanical, lapho afundela khona umklamo kanye ukukhiqiza ogandaganda nezimoto. Wathweswa iziqu Institute ngo-1932

umsebenzi Experience

Imimoya Nikolay Leonidovich, ogama biography kuchazwa kulesi sihloko, waqala ukusebenza nge iminyaka engu-14. Okokuqala kwaba unobhala amakomiti abampofu edolobhaneni lakubo. Ngo-1921 waba ukucela ejenti. Wayeqhuba labantu elatholakala sokubalwa izintela. Ophethe egunjini ekufundeni yasesiFundeni. Rayzemlesa engunobhala nenhloko ehhovisi lokubhalisa. Ngo-1925 wathola umsebenzi njengoba Umqophi Chupahovsky beetroot isitshalo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile wathunyelwa uMnyango lobuchwepheshe kanye ukuzinza.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu Imimoya wathola umsebenzi ngesikhathi Leningrad isitshalo "Red Putilovets". Okokuqala kwaba umsebenzi ojwayelekile evamile. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ngaqala ukuba esikhundleni umklami abakhulu.

Imimoya Nikolay Leonidovich: ebuntwaneni Umklami

Isithakazelo okuthile nokwakha UNikolai baqala ukuvela kusukela ebuntwaneni. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-7 nje kuphela ubudala, yakhetha abafana endaweni, ngoba ngaye ukuthi wenza izikhali lokhuni ukulwa emgwaqweni. Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu, uNicholas lalingabulawa kalula ukulungisa amawashi awayindwayo, amathuluzi, sokuprakthiza. Ngemva sokuzivocavoca esakhiwe umsakazo. Ngakho edolobhaneni kwakukhona umsakazo lokuqala.

Imisebenzi tanko- futhi ugandaganda

UNikolai Leonidovich wahlanganyela ukuklama kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene tractor "Universal" Eminyakeni yokuqala ukusebenza ngesikhathi Leningrad Kirov isitshalo (LB) Imimoya. Usebenze ukudalwa kweSoviet lokuqala "izimoto ezithwala", "Leningrad-1." Waba khona crane ukwakhiwa.

Ngo-1936 sezempi ukuba sizosebenza ku ngcono izimoto zempi. Wathunyelwa SKB-2, lapho eqala ukwakha amandla kanye amasu traction izibalo ethangini. Lezi idatha eminyakeni embalwa kamuva nozakwabo esetshenziswa. Khona-ke wamiswa ikhanda leqembu abaklami, okwakubekelwa bekwi-sesimanje amathangi T-28. I msebenzi waphela ngo-1938, uqobo imimoya wathwalwa ugibelile ukudluliselwa umklamo omusha.

Ekupheleni 1938 wabonisa iphrojekthi entsha ezisindayo ithangi lempi KV- 1, kamuva waba okwakwenzeka amaJalimane. Ngo-1939, LB waqala ekukhiqizweni imishini emisha ngaphansi imidwebo wemimoya. Ngo-1940 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile ikhanda yiphini SKB-2. Sekuvele umklami ehamba phambili KV-1 futhi wenza umnikelo omkhulu ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane KV-2.

Ngo-1941, lesi sitshalo kwadingeka bashiye eChelyabinsk. Inkampani iqanjwe kabusha futhi waziwa ngokuthi CTZ esifushanisiwe. Ngesisekelo lendawo ugandaganda yayiqala ukukhiqizwa KV amathangi chungechunge. Ngo-July walowo okufanayo ngonyaka Imimoya waqokwa umklami ukuhola Okwesithathu Division waya Chelyabinsk. Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa lahlela ngokushesha. Futhi ngo-October 1941, uNikolai Leonidovich baba iPhini abakhulu umklami zalesi sihlahla. Ngo-1943 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile umklami abakhulu CTZ. Wayesebenza kuze kube ngo-1948

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uMoya isungule ukukhiqizwa entsha emhlanganweni yomugqa KV amathangi. Wayehola ukuthuthukiswa zokuguqulwa yabo kanye wezikhali. Sasingavunyelwe ngokuyinhloko olwesimanje amathangi medium T34. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa Dukhov labetibambile ukuthuthukisa IC uchungechunge olusha (1, 2, 3, 4). Ngo ngemva kwempi ke ugandaganda entsha S-80 nge gumbi avaliwe yadalwa.

Umsebenzi umkhakha yenuzi

Ngo-1948 Nikolay Leonidovich uMoya walethwa lo msebenzi-athomu CB-11. Waba esikhundleni umklami abakhulu Yuri Kharitonov. Ngaphansi kobuholi UNikolai Leonidovich wemboni esasiphethe ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane bokuqala Soviet plutonium mali futhi ibhomu le-athomu. Ngo-1949, ezingoMoya ezimpini ukuhlolwa kwayo Semipalatinsk test site. Futhi ngo-1953 - i-hydrogen.

Kusukela ngo-1954, uMoya baba kokubili umqondisi, umklami ehamba phambili kanye nomqondisi yesayensi legatsha lokuqala KB-11. Nikolay Leonidovich babe iziqondiso eziyisisekelo umsebenzi walesi sikhungo - ukudalwa ezakhiwe zenuzi izinhlelo ukuqalisa icala layo, ukulawula imishini futhi instrumentation.

umklami yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Whit NL kubhekwa umsunguli esikoleni Umklamo sezikhali zenuzi. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 ngaphansi kobuholi Dukhov 3 othomathikhi isizukulwane amayunithi eziye zasungulwa. Futhi usethe ezakhiwe ezicitshwayo ballistic, torpedoes, cruise ezicitshwayo yokuqala Navy, Air Force futhi Air Defence. Kubo, ngaphezu eziningi zikagesi ezahlukene zadalwa. 3 izizukulwane instrumentation lakhiwe beqondiswa imimoya

• oscillographic;
• bezostsillograficheskaya;
• okuzenzakalelayo nge ukubhalisa digital.

Umklami, Mfundisi

Ubunjiniyela design umsebenzi Nikolay Leonidovich kuhlanganiswe ekufundiseni. Kusukela ngo-1935 kuya ku-1940. yena eyingoduso ekuqeqesheni abafundi e-Leningrad onguthelawayeka kanye polytechnic nezikhungo. Ngo-1944 Mechanical Engineering ekolishi ne ithangi futhi umnyango obunjiniyela bama- wavulwa. INhloko yoMnyango waqokwa Imimoya. Wabuye wahola ikhomishana isimo futhi ukuhlolwa isikhungo.

Nikolay Leonidovich, umklami Soviet, ubelokhu enamathiselwe kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeqeshwa ongoti abaqeqeshiwe. imimoya avuselwa ne-Ministry of indaba umklomelo we ikhandidethi ubunjiniyela isayensi degrees. Futhi 3 Ukuvikelwa lokuqala ophasiswe 1962

ukuphila Siqu

Imimoya Nikolay Leonidovich washada Maria Alexandrovna, ayehlala nabo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Umsebenzi zokudangala bebelokhu kwasekuqaleni njalo. Kodwa lo mkhaya lelimcoka kuye. Umkayo wayesesibhedlela ebucayi kakhulu futhi ukuqonda. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi bekhethelwa ebhayisikobho, wabona phakathi isenzo ngokuzumayo Nikolay onkom 'idla yodwa futhi ugxile. Yena buthule, ezama ukwenza lokhu ukuba asabise imicabango yakhe Mthatheni ekhaya. Futhi endleleni, njengoba behlezi emotweni, ezingoMoya waqala ukuloba izibalo esilandelayo.

Indodakazi yalo mbhangqwana Zoe wazalwa, okuyinto wayeshadile kamuva ngempumelelo futhi wanika abazali le abazukulu - Svetlana futhi Igor. Nikolay Leonidovich ezinkathini ezingavamile lokuphumula njalo kwadingeka isikhathi sokuba kanye nazo.

ukufa Dukhov

Imimoya Nikolay Leonidovich wafa 1 Meyi 1964 ngenxa yokugula kakhulu, nakuba ibingaba eyesikhashana ngempela. Impilo umklami laqedwa umsebenzi onzima phezu project enuzi kanye empini, lapho zonke ayesebenza umkhawulo amandla akhe. Nikolay Leonidovich is wangcwatshwa emathuneni Novodevichy.

Imiklomelo kanye izihloko

Ngo-1954 Imimoya Nikolay Leonidovich (1904-1964 GG.) Ingabe ukhushuliwe uLieutenant jikelele. Yena wayengumbulali udokotela wesayensi lobuchwepheshe. Wayengumuntu owawina Lenin, State kanye ezine Stalin Imiklomelo. Kathathu wathola isihloko Hero of Socialist Labour. Ngo-1953 waphinde wayeyilungu Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Yena yanikezelwa izindondo eziningi futhi oda ezine Lenin, omunye - Suvorov besigaba sesibili no one - Red Star futhi Banner Wezabasebenzi.