Utamaro Kitagawa - Umculi ubuhle besifazane

, писавший портреты красавиц, идеализировал женщин и мастерски передавал их внутреннее состояние. umculi Brilliant uTamara Kitagawa, ekumeni of nabesifazane abahle, abesifazane ephelele yengxoxo futhi masterfully lidluliselwe isimo sabo sangaphakathi. Yikuphi lunomthelela omkhulu zobuciko, uye aqabula isithakazelo abaMhlophe ukuze mikhondo Japanese.

Ezinye amaqiniso mayelana master

Kitagava Utamaro, ogama biography Liyindawo okukhulu, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, wazalwa ngo-1753 e-Edo (Tokyo yesimanje) noma Isifundazwe Musashi. Iqiniso ukuthi ulwazi mayelana nokuphila kwakhe entulekayo kakhulu. Igama samanje wayeyisazi - Nobuyoshi nelokuzitlamela isidlaliso uzinika kule minyaka engu-80 kwekhulu XVIII.

Edolobheni Edo umfana isafunda studio umdwebi odumile ukiyo-e su, ibonisa ukuphila kwabantu abavamile. Isiqondiso entsha 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, njengoba kuqhathaniswa canons olusemthethweni, ugxile ngokugcwele Ukuthanda abantu bomuzi.

I professional umsebenzi ubuhlakani lokuqala neyaziwayo avele 1775. Yena ngesineke ekumeni of Izıhlabane Kabuki ezakha yaseshashalazini, nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa le nsizwa yabakhanga umshicileli ehola leli lizwe - TS Dzyudzaburo. Iza umhlangano eyingqopha nomculi Tsyutaya, beqaphela ukuthi ithalente ngokuphawulekayo insizwa baba abavikela wakhe iminyaka eminingi.

Kusukela imifanekiso ekumeni zesifazane

Kodwa isikhathi sihamba, futhi Kitagawa Utamaro, ogama umsebenzi uya phezulu, enqaba imifanekiso futhi ligxile udala yibhande ekumeni zesifazane ngokuphula isivumelwano umshicileli. Befuna ugqozi, a Japanese abanamakhono ithunyelwa wesifunda eziyihlazo, ekhaya ukuze izifebe ezigebengu, futhi ibonisa yomzimba wowesifazane nge umusa okhethekile, ebhekisela le Ukuvusela okuncane.

Japanese, wenziwa mikhondo engaphezu kwemibili ayizinkulungwane, wanika ukungafi kuze ezokwazi ukuthwebula kahle kuye courtesans, ngisho phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, yobuciko amaningi ayethathwa abavela emaphandleni.

A inqubo umdali ekhethekile

Umbhali, ngubani ayedumile ekhulwini le-18, ukusetshenziswa ezahlukene ukuphrinta ubuchwepheshe: izimpushana okuxubile anemibala ukufeza umthunzi ezicashile. mica Zifakwe, onikeza umphumela ingemuva esiliva, yakulalelisisa kanjani ukukhanya uwela. Waqaphela ebusweni shiny emanzini, shining rose amacembe, elikhazimulayo futhi aphilisayo nxazonke imisebe yelanga.

Emzamweni ukukhombisa abalingiswa ezahlukene kanye senhliziyo, wasebenza inqubo polychrome ukuphrinta, benaka ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi endaweni entsha ukwakha ukwakhiwa.

Ukucula iculo ukuze ubuhle besifazane

Ngenxa saturation le mikhondo umbala, dala ezixube uhlale namaqhawekazi, ukudabuka ukuze injabulo, kusukela sokuthula injabulo. Lo mculi main idale isithombe zesifazane ubuhle nomthwebuli nge nentamo ende, izindebe evusa inkanuko, ubuso ezithambile okusaqanda namashiya amnyama. Utamaro Kitagawa ngobuciko idluliselwe isimo sengqondo, ubukele amantombazane kusuka amakilasi ezahlukene. Motifs Intandokazi umbhali odumile we-albhamu "INcwadi Yonyaka amakhaya oluhlaza Yoshiwara" baba izindaba zansuku zonke kwabesifazane, ukubeka izinwele zakhe ezinweleni zakhe, ekuthandeni ngokwabo esibukweni, uhamba ngomgwaqo noma nje ukucabanga ngokuphila kwami.

Isibukeli abakwazi ukusiza benomuzwa wokuthi Japanese wahlala nalaba besifazane, ukuhogela kubo, wababona uthinte izinwele zabo futhi isikhumba. Futhi kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha isipho esikhulu kunazo zonke-buchopho umdali, ogama khona esiyitholayo zonke ukuphrinta.

brushwork ngamunye

Utamaro Kitagawa, abasizakali umbala Palette ezintsha yethulwa kuleli xylographie amasu (woodblock). Uthi ngifuna indlela yakhe ngokuhlabelela, futhi lapho ethola kwaba umculi engcono yezwe. Umxhwele wobulili obuhlukile, genius wahosha amantombazane ezikhangayo Edo isikhathi.

Umuzwa ezicashile zomhlaba, Kitagawa Utamaro, yezicathulo okuyizinto amakhono nezifiselekayo wabhala abesifazane ngokusebenzisa inkungu, futhi lo mphumela ibangelwa esebenzisa mica, nepepper kugaywe kube ufulawa. Umdwebi wasebenzisa inombolo encane imibala, okuyinto kwakha umuzwa akuyona emhlabeni wangempela futhi iphupho.

Imfihlakalo "omiyane net"

Ngakho, emsebenzini wakhe "Mosquito Net" yabonisa ithalente brilliant Utamaro Kitagawa. Ukulwela ukuba ukushaya emhloleni, wizadi ubonisa amantombazane amabili efanayo, enye yazo kufihliwe ngemva kwesihenqo, kanye nezinye wagqolozela iveli okusobala. Bakhandwa elinde phambi into engabonakali, futhi umbukeli ukuzixazulula enye imfihlakalo Japanese. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi ubani laba besifazane: i Aristocrat noma Geisha, njengoba bobabili labo, futhi abanye yokuqoshwa umdali portrait uhlobo abe inzuzo ekhethekile.

Kitagava Utamaro: imidwebo

Omunye imisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa isithombe intombazane okuthiwa "Ubuhle". nomthwebuli Ebukekayo ngento Kufanele ucabange ngakho, hhayi ilungisa bawa nge kimono ehlombe, ukuhlala imicabango yabo. Nokuzikhulula emhlabathini, lihlale ngesandla esisodwa ngesinye kunesithembiso fan ephepheni. It is abatelekile bleached upende okhethekile ubuso bakhe futhi izinwele ngendlela Bun. Bekubonakala ubuhle baqaphela isikhathi.

Kitagawa ngobuciko ugcizelela intombazane ngubo obonakala amnyama hhayi ekhangayo. Nokho, umbukeli ngokushesha ngesithakazelo umphetho engavamile ngendwangu efekethisiwe nendwangu oluhlaza, ivelele on isizinda igolide.

I oqoshiwe, owabhubhisa umculi omkhulu

Ngo-1804, ngemva umbhalo "noHideyoshi nezancinza ezinhlanu," lapho echaza shogun Isinqumo ifomu engafanele umculi uwela ulaka neziphathimandla. Ukuze ukubhinqa freestyle Utamaro upekayut usetilongweni, wachitha izinsuku ezingu-50 esitokisini izandla ziboshelwe. Ukuhlupheka ihlazo lakhe Kitagawa uphela umsebenzi wakhe, futhi wafa eminyakeni emibili kamuva.

Ngemva kokufa eziningi imisebenzi ubuhlakani Japanese phesheya, futhi Museum odumile Boston kukhona ezingaphezu kuka-380 mikhondo wakhe, wadala uhlobo of ukiyo-e (izithombe zomhlaba kwansuku).

Sikhalo yemisebenzi okuyinhloko-Japanese

Wayeyisazi olukhulu ngaselangeni njengoba liphuma, isibe owaziwa eYurophu, ke liye laba nethonya ekhonjiswe art Western. Kufikwe udumo umculi kazwelonke Kitagawa Utamaro kuvezwa izinhlamvu wakhe ngempela ngokuvamile, nokho, yena lolungenamaphutsa ephethwe ukudlulisela okushiwo uhlamvu ngayinye wesifazane nokubonakalisa imizwelo yabo ngokushesha. Izinto zesimanje umbukeli amahora ngokucabangela umbhalo, kodwa akakwazi ukuthola impendulo yombuzo othi: "? Uyini emangalisayo Ukulutha ubuhle Japanese"