I izikhukhula ezinkulu Petersburg. Usongo lwezigebengu izikhukhula Petersburg

Amanzi - i izakhi ezingalindelekile futhi oluyingozi. Kungaba kancane futhi ngehlise umoya, futhi kungazelelwe amahora ambalwa ukubhekana yizikhukhula ezinzima, waba namandla asabekayo esinganqobeki okubhubhisa konke endleleni yayo. Petersburg, elitholakala ngomlomo uMfula iNeva, kule iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe badabula izinhlekelele eziningi ezinjalo. Ngokuqinisekile babe nomthelela isiphetho dolobha nezakhamuzi ezathinteka ngayo, futhi abaningi babo ziyabonakala nezobuciko izinkondlo. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi kubangelwa ukuvela kwalesi engokwemvelo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi yizikhukhula ezinzima kakhulu Petersburg.

Izizathu inhlekelele enkulu

Kwaphela isikhathi eside abacwaningi baye bacabanga ukuthi imvelo eziyisisekelo izikhukhula ezisuke zizimbi kakhulu iNeva kakhulu. Babekholelwa ukuthi umfula nomoya onamandla entshonalanga kunesithembiso busebenze okusheshayo futhi udla izindwani. Kodwa banephutha. It is kuphela imbangela izikhukhula kuqhathaniswa kweqiniso kwatholakala muva Petersburg. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, zonke iphutha zasezindaweni Atlantic. Oluvelayo esifundeni Baltic nomoya onamandla entshonalanga, babangela ukunyuka kwezinga amagagasi, kuqala encane hhayi enamandla kakhulu. Kodwa edabula eGulf of Finland, futhi ukuthola isivinini kanye kokuwa, ngezinye izikhathi ukufinyelela ngamamitha amahlanu. Esondela somfula iNeva, igagasi ishayisa zamanje emfuleni, okuyinto amabombo wakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukwanda okusheshayo ezingeni amanzi, ngenxa yokukhulisa izwi ukujula encane iNeva lip.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuvamile Petersburg izikhukhula ukuza ekwindla. Kukhona kangaka okuthiwa ukuphakama kwamanzi avuke ezingaphezu kuka-160 cm ngenhla level amanzi evamile. Kukhona ukushiyana kwezidalwa esiqondile izinhlekelele: izikhukhula 2 m 10 cm ngokuthi yingozi 2 m 99 cm - kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kuka 3 m - inhlekelele.

Izikhukhula kuqala

Ngokusho ososayensi, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo lonke izwe lapho kumi yesimanje Petersburg, ngezinye izikhathi wambozwa amanzi. IziKronike ibonisa ukuthi ngo 1060 ngoba 1066 ihlanganisa zonke isikhala yayo ungqimba amamitha angaphezu kwayisikhombisa. Ngakho, izikhukhula Petersburg - kuyinkinga zisetshenziswa, okuyinto emdala umuzi ngokwawo.

Ngisho ngaphambi kokumiswa nemizana lapho, ngo-1691, kubika izikhukhula oluphawulekayo. Emibhalweni yaminyaka kwesokunxele abaseSweden, lithi ngesikhathi insimu yonke isikhungo ikusasa umuzi wawuyigolide ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi ukuphakama kwalo safinyelela eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili amamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho ezinganekwaneni abadobi, izinhlekelele ezinjalo ziye zenzeka lapha njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Umlando umuzi izinhlekelele kokuqala okungokwemvelo

Izikhukhula lokuqala Petersburg selenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva indalo yayo - ehlobo lika-1703. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinga lamanzi ifinyelele ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili, kukhona iGulf of Rabbit Island. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kusukela izakhamuzi ezintsha ngiyafakaza ukuqothulwa inhlekelele yemvelo. ofakazi baKhe nguPetru I. Ngokusho incazelo yakhe, amanzi e mansion rose isigamu imitha kusukela phansi, kodwa owabanjwa mhlaka ngesikhathi esifushane, cishe amahora amathathu, futhi izinkinga ezinkulu akuzange.

Ngisho nalapho, lezi zinyathelo zokuqala zokuzivikela Benziwe. Futhi ngo-1715 ngesikhathi inqaba ibekwe wesitimela wokuqala sokulinganisa isimo amanzi phakathi nesiphepho. Nale divayisi wayezimisele ukubheja olulodwa iNeva. Ngakho ngokuthi ukuphakama evamile yamanzi sezulu ezolile nge kungabikho moya. Nokho, nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala emashumini kwekhulu le-18 edolobheni langekhulu isikhungo kwana akukho esingaphezu kwengxenye imitha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umlando izikhukhula Petersburg ekhulwini XVIII, has izikhukhula mayelana ayisishiyagalombili, phakathi kwabo eqakatheke khulu.

Ngakho, ngo-1721, kwaba yinhlekelele, esesabeka ukuba imiphumela yako iqhubeke edolobheni. Khona-ke amanzi agubhayo Ugcwalise amakhaya amaningi kwenziwe icala ulwandle. ukulahlekelwa Ubude kudlulwe ruble abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa. Khona-ke amanzi rose cishe njalo ngonyaka.

Izikhukhula zidale umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ekhulwini le-18

I izikhukhula ezinkulu Petersburg ekhulwini le-18 kanye ebanga usizi kunazo zonke e inani labantu abalimele, njalo efile kwenzeka 1777. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi omuzi aqala isiphepho esinamandla, futhi ngo-September 10 ezingeni amanzi kudlulwe ngamamitha amathathu. It wawudla izindwali cishe wonke umuzi. Khona-ke inhlekelele umangalele phezu izimpilo izinkulungwane, eziningi izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni uvele kolwandle.

Izikhukhula Petersburg phansi ngokuphelele ejele, isendaweni ibhange iNeva. Yayiqukethe iziboshwa kunamasonto angaba amakhulu amathathu, afa onke. Ngemva le nhlekelele, uCatherine II baqala ukuthatha izinyathelo lukazwelonke lokulwisana izakhi. Ngakho, umyalo wakhe yayikhishwe imisebenzi zokutakula uzamcolo, kanye umyalo ukudala isaziso service. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e uhlelo eningiliziwe ezisemadolobheni, okuyinto kwasho ezindaweni ezibuthaka kunezinye.

inhlekelele yemvelo ngo-1824

Ekhulwini le-19-ke kwaphawulwa enamandla kakhulu emlandweni izikhukhula edolobheni Petersburg. 1824 waletha esabekayo, engakaze ibonwe ngamandla alo okubhubhisa okubi. Usuku ngaphambi kwale nhlekelele rose emoyeni eningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi lokho kwenza khona ubusuku bonke, futhi yaphenduka bahlaselwa isiphepho esinzima. Ngakusasa ekuseni ngo-November 7, uphawu amanzi e Neve kudlulwe 421 cm kusukela ezingeni evamile. It wawudla izindwali ezingaphezu kwesigamu zensimu. Izikhukhula Petersburg ngo-1824 ephawulwe njengoba esinzima kakhulu nemiphumela yaso. izisulu akhe angamalangabi amakhulu abantu nezinkulungwane izilwane ezibhujisiwe cishe zonke izakhiwo wokhuni izingxenye Ugcwalise komuzi. Umonakalo Imininingwane zaba ruble abacishe babe izigidi ezingamashumi amabili.

Izikhukhula kwekhulu lama-20

Ekhulwini leminyaka eledlule, element futhi awubashiyanga Petersburg. Izikhukhula okwenzeka kuqala engamashumi amabili, kwaba, nakuba ukungasebenzisi, kodwa hhayi okuphazamisayo kakhulu. I okuhlukile 1903 inhlekelele. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinga lamanzi kudlulwe amamitha amabili nesigamu. Khona-ke uzamcolo okokuqala bakwazi wasithatha ku ifilimu.

Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi kuzolile. Amanzi zingavuki eliphezulu kakhulu, futhi izikhukhula inganikezi abakhileyo kwezingqinamba ezinkulu kuleli dolobha. Kwaze kwaba uzamcolo Petersburg ngo-1924. Khona-ke izinga lamanzi safinyelela cishe ezine amamitha, odla izindwani ezindaweni eziningi edolobheni. Buzilimaze port, kanye ezinye izindawo zokubeka impahla kanye nezimboni. Amanzi kudilizwe amabhuloho 19 bawisa amakhulu izihlahla. Abathintekile babe izakhamizi engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, futhi abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo. Iziphathimandla kwadingeka ukuba abeke umthetho karate. Kwakuwusuku uzamcolo enkulu Petersburg ngo kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngemva kwalokho, element uye wabonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe izakhamuzi zawo ngokwemvelo exuberant. Iphinde bekulokhu izikhukhula ezinamandla e-1955 no-1975.

Futhi kwenzekani manje?

Usongo lwezigebengu izikhukhula Petersburg lilondolozwe ezikhathini zamuva. Ngakho, enkathini esukela ku-2000 kuya ku-2008, bona kwenzekeni nane. I last ngesikhukhula esikhulu sokukhishwa yingozi kwenzeka ngo 2005.

Ngenhlanhla, sibonga ezakhiwe yesimanje zokuzivikela izinhlekelele sina ingavinjelwa. E Tallinn, isiteshi ekhethekile ukuthi uqaphe okuvela amagagasi. Uma sicabanga ukuthi sihamba eGulf of Finland amahora ayisikhombisa kwabayisishiyagalolunye, edolobheni kufika isikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo esiphuthumayo.

Indlela yokuvikela idolobha lakho ezikhukhuleni

Phezu kwabangamakhulu amathathu iminyaka komuzi zalotshwa on ezihlukahlukene amandla nezikhukhula Imiphumela Petersburg. Umlando izakhiwo zokuzivikela Ngakho kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, izinyathelo zokuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuba umuzi wakhiwe, futhi uye wakhokha nzulu ngezindlela uCatherine II emva kukazamcolo e 1777.

Ngo-1804, lapho u-Alexander I, waqala ukwakhiwa isiteshi Dula. Ngo-1825, thina aziswe ku ukuncintisanela iphrojekthi kangcono ukuvikelwa zezakhiwo komuzi. Nokho, kancane kancane intshiseko wanqamuka, futhi kufika uzamcolo e 1890 kungekho izinyathelo zithathiwe. Futhi ngempela lo mbuzo ngemva kwenhlekelele 1924. umdwebo izakhiwo zokuzivikela, lwakhiwe futhi kwaqala ukwakhiwa okuyinto kulindeleke kuphothulwe phakathi neminyaka emine. Kodwa ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu wangenela, futhi ke impi. Ngakho, idamu zokuzivikela waqala ukuklama ku 60s, futhi ukwakhiwa kwakuqala ngo-1979. Ngokuphelele kungenzeka wayethunywe kuphela ngo-2011.

Manje ochwepheshe izinsuku ezimbili ngokufunda isilinganiselo igagasi, futhi amahora amahlanu sangaphambi kwesivunguvungu kulindeleke bavele bavala zonke izindima ohloselwe imikhumbi. Ngakho, edolobheni uphephile.

Ibonisa izikhukhula izincwadi

izakhi Kubi oluthukuthele, yebo, umxhwele Abadali. Ngenxa uzamcolo ngokucace kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza isiko. Mhlawumbe aziwayo engcono kakhulu incazelo esinikezwe mkhiqizo Aleksander Pushkin "umgibeli yethusi". Umlobi imininingwane eveza uzamcolo elafika ngo-1824. Ngemva kwesikhashana, umbhali P. Karatygin olukhishwe "lwemilando Petersburg Flood 1703-1879 GG." Yakhe. Bright isithombe kwenhlekelele 1777 futhi ekudalweni Dmitriya Merezhkovskogo "Umbuso isilo."

Izikhumbuzi mayelana izikhukhula okuqhubekayo

Edolobheni kukhona nezikhumbuzo eziningana, ezifakazela ukuthi uzamcolo, kunjalo ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhukhula Petersburg, 1824, uyakhumbula egwadle yakhe Obelisk elibhekelele osebeni emfuleni Moika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udonga kwenye yezindlu ubudala kukhona uphawu olukhombisa izinga lamanzi, abhalwe Russian nesiJalimane.

Ngokuvamile, ulwazi mayelana umxhwele kakhulu kaZamcolo Petersburg itholakala ku ekhethekile umkhiqizo imigqa, linamathele ohlangothini izindonga iNeva emasangweni inqaba. Banezinhliziyo uphawu olukhombisa izinga lamanzi. Lokhu okuthiwa i-Flood Museum.

Ngeshwa, izibalo zalezi izilinganiso Akukhona okujabulisayo ikakhulukazi. Nge wayibhinca omusha ngamunye uzamcolo liphuma njalonjalo, futhi lokhu kusho into eyodwa - Petersburg, kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile liba ngaphansi kolwandle. Abanye ososayensi bathi eminyakeni 100 nje, Northern ePalmira Ekugcineni hamba ngaphansi kwamanzi.