Ithiyori Freud sika ubuntu: essence, izigaba, incazelo

psychoanalysis kaFreud kusekelwe ezizathwini emibili ebalulekile. Kwesisekelo kuqala - zofuzo - wukuthi labo nakho ingane ebhekana nazo ebuntwaneni sibe nomthelela omkhulu kumiswa ubuntu lapho usukhulile. Ingqikithi yalo kwesisekelo yesibili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ekuqaleni has ethile namandla ngokocansi - libido. It libido ekutfutfukiseni bantfu egcina izigaba eziningana, emelela obuseduze imizwelo engokwemvelo, Psychology nomsebenzi wezocansi.

Umbono we ezine izigaba yentuthuko womuntu ngokuthi "inkolelo-mbono Freud sika ubuntu" futhi Sinesithakazelo esikhulu yesayensi nesisebenzayo zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nodokotela. Ngokusho Freud ukuthuthukiswa ubuntu sidlula 4 izigaba, ngalinye elikwazi zichaziwe ngezansi.

Isinyathelo 1. Isigaba Oral.

Isigaba temlomo uhlala usana kusuka ekuzalweni kuya onyakeni owodwa. Phakathi nale nkathi, ingane engaphansi ngokuphelele kumama, kanye yokudla liwumthombo oyinhloko injabulo. Personality theory ka Freud ugcizelela ukuthi phakathi nale nkathi ingane isifiso eyodwa kuphela - ukudla, kodwa ngoba main zone erogenous ngumlomo, ngoba kuyindlela yokuthola amandla futhi ucwaningo kokuqala lezinto ezizungezile.

Isinyathelo 2. Isigaba Anal.

Isigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthuka lomuntu - Anal, ehlanganisa isikhathi ubudala izinyanga wengane 12-18 kuze kube unyaka wesithathu ukuphila. ithiyori Freud sika ubuntu uveza ukuthi kule nkathi ingane iqala ukufunda ukulawula imisebenzi bokuphila umzimba. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-libido bagxila eduze ingquza, okuyinto manje into ukunakwa ingane.

Ingane ubulili manje uthola ukwaneliseka kwayo sinakho ukulawula imisebenzi umzimba (kwasekuqaleni, futhi ukukhululwa kwe-sokuzikhulula). Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ngokuvumelana Freud ngalesi sikhathi ingane ebhekene ukuvinjelwa kuqala. Izwe ngaphandle manje ngaye - lena isithiyo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kulesigaba ozuza umlingisi we izingxabano.

Isinyathelo 3. Isigaba isitho sobulili sowesilisa.

Entsha zone erogenous okuboniswe ingane iphakathi kweminyaka engu-eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Manje Libido kanzulu endaweni zangasese. Kulesi sigaba, bafundzi bacala kuvisisa futhi ukuqaphela umehluko ngokobulili. Ingane ubona noma ukuba khona umthondo noma itlhogeko.

Ngokombono Freud sika, kulesigaba ingane kakade azizwa kutitfokotisa ukukhuthazwa umthondo, kodwa lokhu excitation kungenxa khona eduze kwabazali bazo.

Isinyathelo 4. Isikhathi esicashile.

Le nkathi libhekene esabelweni ukubonakaliswa ngokocansi ilukuluku, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukuhlukahluka izwe elizungezile ingane. isikhathi ukubambezeleka kuvumelana kweminyaka eyi 5-12. umsebenzi ngokobulili kwehle, libido akuyona njalo ngalesi sikhathi, ingane izama ukukhomba bebodwa "Mina".

ithiyori Freud sika ubuntu ibonisa ukuthi imizwa yobulili ngesikhathi esinikeziwe kuthiwa ukuyiveza izimiso sobuhle bayo kanye nokuziphatha, namahloni futhi ngizenyanye. Ngalesi ubudala, ukwakha ubuntu kwenzeka uquqaba izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo, kanye bedle amasiko nezemfundo.

Isinyathelo 5. Isigaba Subgenital.

Iya sesigaba sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa komuntu kuhambisana ukwedlulela lokuhlushwa isifiso sobulili, ukuqhanyelwa nokwaneliseka endaweni zangasese. indlwabu zangasese ngalesikhathi iba kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo ngokobulili.

Ekuphetheni, siphawula ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubuntu Freud sika Wawugujelwani ekwakhiweni izisekelo nesisekelo psyche izingane: izigaba ukuthuthukiswa ingane oluhambisana ukuhamba libido esishintshashintshayo.