UHulumeni kanye dolobha yeRiphabhuliki ka-Altai. Umlando, izinto ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Russia - isimo zamazwe ngamazwe, izifunda lapho ethulwa ezindaweni, esiyingqayizivele ngokuya isiko, ubunjalo, futhi ngezindlela eziningi --aspect lenhlonipho kwezinkolo nokuhlalisana ngokuthula lezizwe ezihlukene. Phakathi kwalabo - Respublika Altay. Ziyini izigaba enhle kakhulu komlando zale ndawo? Siyini isisekelo somnotho yayo? Yiziphi izici ukuthuthukiswa yamasiko Altai namuhla?

Cabanga ngoba ekuqaleni isakhiwo kahle kwemandla embuso weRiphabhulikhi. Ihlukile ngokomthetho kusukela onobuhle ezisebenza kwezinye izifunda Russian?

Respublika Altay: amandla uhlelo

UHulumeni we the Republic of Altai - nge incazelo ewumngcingo kwegama elithi - omunye nemizimba yakha uhlelo lukahulumeni tesifundvo mfelandawonye. Ngaphansi kweMtsetfosisekelo, kubhekwe iyunithi zezombusazwe, kumagama okuyizinto ngokuvamile efana amalungiselelo okuhambisanayo yomthetho eziyisisekelo WaseRussia, izikhungo ezisemqoka zikahulumeni tisebenta kohlaka ukwehlukana zomthetho, mphathi amagatsha zokwahlulela.

Uma thina ukuhumusha igama elithi cwaningo akuyona njengoba igunya, futhi ngomqondo obanzi, okungukuthi. E. Ngenxa zezombusazwe management system, kuba cishe Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le Uhulumeni we-Altai Republic okuhlelwe nokulandela isimiso wokudlulisa amandla abathile Federation inhlangano ezingeni kuya kamasipala. njengoba kwezinye izifunda iningi Russia nje.

Isikhulu inani eliphakeme kunawo wonke isakhiwo sepolitiki yezokuphatha yesifunda - inhloko yalawa Altai Republic. Yena likhethwa ngevoti oqondile sabantu. Ehola esifanayo uhulumeni (njengoba amandla wezokuphatha). Siqukethe zezinkonzo ezihlukahlukene Republic of Altai. UMahluleli ophakeme umzimba zomthetho iyona isihloko umfelandawonye - Assembly State. In ulimi abomdabu basezifundeni Republic, e-Altai, kuzwakala sengathi El Kurultai. Lapho lokhu Uhulumeni kuyinto itiphendvulela kuSigungu State. INkantolo Ephakeme of the Republic of Altai - inkantolo ephakeme kunazo zonke e-yesithathu igatsha likahulumeni.

iyunithi Administrative nezombusazwe Republic

kwakhiwa yokuphatha zezombusazwe isakhiwo esifundeni 10 is izindawo, ngalinye elikwazi sehlukaniswe komasipala, futhi inhloko-dolobha e-Altai. Lolu hlelo yenhlangano kwamandla iyafana izindlela zokuphatha ukusebenza ngo namanye ama-republic kazwelonke we Russian Federation. isihloko inhlokodolobha - edolobheni laseGorno-Altaisk.

Umasipala ngamunye ukuthi yakha iyunithi zokuphatha nezombusazwe Republic, has Charter ayo, okuyinto compulsorily bhalisiwe nguHulumeni. I-MO izahluko lazo likhethwa abanye ivoti oqondile. efuze kakhulu phakathi amalungiselelo i-MO, okuyinto iholwa inhloko eMnyango Wezokuvikela futhi esiphezulu igunya unit indawo. Nokho, okufana lapho ukhiye zezombusazwe sibalo umasipala kungenzeka lomthetho isakhiwo ikhanda-ummeleli. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni Shebalinsky umuntu besendaweni zekhanda Ministry Defense, futhi usihlalo weBhodi amasekela. Inhloko Ust-Koksinsky wesifunda yena, akugcini ngokuletha umuzwa umzimba omele ohambelana, kodwa futhi ekuphathweni kukaMasipala. A imodeli efanayo isebenza e-Republic Chemal esifundeni.

Ngakho, ukwakheka amandla zombusazwe isihloko inhlangano iyonke iyafana imodeli yokutholwa kwezinye izifunda Russian. Ngakho-ke, behlola amaphuzu zako ezisemqoka, thina uqhubekele ukutadisha izici yobuzwe namasiko WeRiphabhulikhi YaseNingizimu Afrika, okuyinto yena, kuyinto ngezindlela eziningi eziyingqayizivele.

ukwakheka kaZwelonke

Phakathi izifunda kakhulu sezizwe zonke Russia - Respublika Altay. Ulimi zezilimi zomdabu ubheke iqembu Turkic. Sikanye Russian, - omunye isikhulu ezimbili kule Federation. ERepublic of Altai abantu - cishe 31% labantu. Iningi, mayelana 60% are Russian. Ingxenye appreciable Kazakh abantu - mayelana 6%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu Ukraine yobuhlanga namaJalimane ukuphila kulomhlaba.

Altai - abomdabu basezifundeni Republic

History of the Republic of Altai Kuyathakazelisa ngokuyinhloko kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa iqembu yobuhlanga yomdabu. Izigaba main of the ethnogenesis we-Altai, kanye zokuxhumana zabo namasiko nabanye abantu. Empeleni, e-Altai - ke igama lilonke izizwe eziningana abakhuluma izilimi Turkic. I ubuzwe ngobukhulu - kuyinto Teleuts, Tubalars, Urynkhay, Shor, Telengits futhi isizwe esibizwa iyafana isihloko Republic - Altai, kodwa ukuhluka kwabanye ehlobene naso. Kukhona engaphezu kwekhulu namaqembu ase-yobuhlanga, ngokuthi seok. Ukuba Ngowenkolo kuye kunqunywa, njengoba umthetho, esihlahleni umkhaya wesintu. Altai ukuxhumana kanye nemikhakha ehlukene. Ulimi iqembu yomdabu yobuhlanga weRiphabhulikhi kungokwalabo iqeqebana Kyrgyz-kypchayskoy ka Turkic zezigodi.

Umsuka wegama Altai

Ethnogenesis Altaians iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi esifundeni. Northern izizwe abahlala republic, kwakukhona zakwa-contact Samoyed, Ugric, Turkic, futhi Ket imvelaphi. Inzalo ala maqembu ezinhlanga ezibhekwa Tubalars. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, oluseningizimu lwalusukela ukuxhumana phakathi kwezizwe zakwa-Turkic futhi amaMongol. Ngakho kwakunabantu abangu-, isibonelo, futhi Telengits Teleuts. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Altai izizwe nasenyakatho naseningizimu enemisuka ehlukene, futhi ngenxa yokungabi bikho khona imizila emikhulu yezokuthutha indlela mutual akuyona elibonakalayo contact isikhathi eside phakathi kwabo waqhubeka kokungafani okukhulu ezicini wolimi, amasiko kanye nomphakathi. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet kwakukhona ukuhlanganisa okuphawulekayo iqembu yobuhlanga.

Nokho, njengoba kuphawulwe abanye abacwaningi, abaningi Altai ngokuyinhloko iziveze hhayi kuphela njengezakhamizi esifundeni futhi isizwe titular, kodwa lingelakhe ethile yobuzwe iqembu, uhlanga noma seok. Okwesibili, ngokuvumelana ethnographers, umbandela ezibaluleke kakhulu - ulimi, kanye nomndeni amasiko enkolo, izwe lokhokho. Futhi, abacwaningi baphawula, ngokuba Altai ezibalulekile isici ezindawo, t. E. indawo yokuhlala isici esithile isimo senhlalo ngaye.

isiko Contemporary abantu bomdabu

izinqubo matasa, okukhombisa ukukhula olulodwa kutati Altai abantu imvelaphi ezahlukene zofuzo, laqala ku-yalolucwaningo 80 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Empeleni, lo mkhuba, njengoba abanye abacwaningi abakholelwa ukuthi, ngokuyinhloko predetermined isimemezelo Empeleni ngo-1991 iziphathimandla tesifundvo kobukhosi isimo emngceleni, okuhambelana Republic yesimanje ye-Altai Mountains. Ngithole isimo ezisemthethweni ulimi ethnos zomdabu. Kwakuthinta umthetho amaholide kazwelonke, ezifana, isibonelo, Independence Day, ligujwa Julayi 3 noma Folk umkhosi E-Oiyn. isigungu samadoda amadala lesizwe sawo, noma zaisans - Ngesikhathi inqubo, sibonakalisa ukukhula ukwazi kazwelonke e-Altai, omunye izikhungo ukhiye zomlando nomphakathi wabantu kwabuyiselwa. Manje indima yabo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle weRiphabhulikhi lulinganiselwe njengebalulekile kakhulu, enezela olusemthethweni amandla isakhiwo.

Not okungenani ngo ukuthuthukiswa iqembu yobuhlanga Altai hlala izinqubo ukufuduka. Ngo izinkathi ezahlukene komlando abantu bomdabu esifundeni letatinyakata phakathi kwezintaba ethafeni. Uma kweminyaka yentuthuko Soviet, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, abantu bomdabu ungase gravitate ukuba bathuthele ezintabeni, kodwa manje ethnos iqala ukuba ngiziqonde ngokwabo njengengxenye zemiphakathi, abahlala emadolobheni esisogwini emathafeni. A indima ebalulekile kule ndawo kudlala dolobha yeRiphabhuliki - ngokuyinhloko ngenxa, ngemva kwesikhathi crisis 90 lapha wahlala ucishe ezibalulekile, kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, izinsiza nengqalasizinda.

Altai futhi Russian

Umlando Altai Republic Kuyathakazelisa-aspect nokuxhumana phakathi abantu bomdabu kanye Russian. Womabili la maqembu ezinhlanga ephila endaweni evamile, ngokwesiko asekelayo ukuthula ebuhlotsheni. Empilweni yamasiko Republic of elihlale njengoba uhlamvu kazwelonke we imisebenzi, kanye nemikhosi Russian. Ezinye imikhosi zezizwe ezihlukahlukene abe eduze ziyezwana kwamasiko. Ngokwesibonelo, iholide kazwelonke Dyylgayak okufana kakhulu Russian Maslenitsa.

Njengoba abacwaningi baphawula, nokubambisana ezintweni ezenziwa Russian Altai abantu kwaqala ekhulwini le-17. Kulokhu, cishe maphakathi nekhulu le-18 ingxenye enkulu yeRiphabliki yesimanje wawuyingxenye Jungar Khanate, lapho uMbuso isiRashiya, ubudlelwane kwakungelona inobungane. Lokhu isimo sinjengoba mlando zikholelwa, isithiyo abalulekile koxhumana nabo okwengeziwe namaqembu Russian yomdabu yobuhlanga yesifunda. Nokho, e-Altai wahlala hhayi izimo ezikahle kakhulu kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Sasihaqwe izizwe ogxile nobutha isiMongolia futhi Chinese. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Altai Zaisan - ngenkathi isimo sazo emphakathini kazwelonke sase siseduze kokuba ababenawo ababusi Russian - le nkosi yacela mayelana yisakhamuzi. Ngakho, ngo-May 2, 1756, insimu Altai baba ingxenye yoMbuso Russian. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, amaqembu esifundeni sika zomdabu engokohlanga kuye babe ikakhulukazi ukuze uxhumane Bakwethu Russian. Izakhamuzi ingxenye European zoMbuso, ukuthuthela emasimini amasha, bakhangwa, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, amathemba ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba olimekayo. Kanye lalivele abapristi Altai Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ababekwa emsebenzini wezithunywa zevangeli.

Esinye isibonelo Ubunye babantu Russian kanye bomdabu esifundeni kubhekwe njengento liculo lesive weRiphabhulikhi Altai. Yena uhlukile linikezwa izinguqulo ezimbili - ulimi kazwelonke ngesiRashiya. Nokho, ivesi elandulela kulotshiwe kuphela Altai. Ngokusemthethweni, liculo weRiphabhulikhi Altai kwavunyelwana esanda kutholakala, ngo-2001. Le ngoma yokushisekela izwe, abacwaningi bakholelwa, ngokuyinhloko kuveza ukubaluleka nethonya ubungane eminyaka ubudala phakathi kwabantu ababili ukuthula kwazo mutual friendly co-khona, kanye amathemba ukuqhubeka Altai Republic imigomo setepolitiki kanye namasiko.

inhlokodolobha

Kuyini ethakazelisayo inhloko-dolobha e-Altai Republic? Cabangela la maqiniso ayisisekelo. Gorno-Altaisk Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Republic, ensimini ka umasipala Mayminsky District. labantu kulo muzi - abantu abangaphezu kuka-61 eziyinkulungwane .. Umlando olusemthethweni Gorno-Altaisk, njengoba abanye abacwaningi abakholelwa ukuthi, wenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngaleso sikhathi, endaweni ezoba inhlokodolobha kwaba isiphetho encane eyasungulwa omunye amaqembu esifundeni sika zomdabu yobuhlanga, Teleuts. Noma kunjalo, abavubukuli baye waqinisekisa ulwazi ukuthi Gorno-Altaisk endaweni abantu baye basinda kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.

Ngenkuthalo ukuhlola inhloko-dolobha esizayo ye-Altai Republic kwaba-yalolucwaningo 20 yekhulu le-19. Ikakhulukazi, ngo-1824 lapha baqala ukuthutha izifiki ezivela Biysk. Babeye wasungula idolobhana, egama layo linguJehova kwenye kwezilimi zomdabu kuzwakala Ulala. Yaba ingxenye Biysk County sifundazwe saseTomsk. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izindawo zasemakhaya, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando, kwakungenxa ngenxa imisebenzi ye-Altai Mission Elingokomoya. Emashumini eminyaka posleduschego Ulala abathengisi ziqale ukunyakaza, bese edolobheni waba obalulekile sezohwebo Bijskogo County.

Ngo-1917 kwaba khona ukuvukelwa kwemibuso, namaSoviet athatha izintambo. Kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe endaweni lapho lo muzi wawakhiwe elise Ulala, Biisk nabanye abaningana lisendaweni, ukuhlaliswa kwabantu, kanye Oirot Autonomous Region. Ngo-1922, Ulala eyaba yindawo yayo zokuphatha, futhi ngo-1928 edolobheni yanikezwa i-status yedolobha. Ngo-1932 kwathiwa uqambe Oirot Tour. Ngo-1948 Oirot esifundeni ezizimele, kwanqunywa ukuba uqambe kabusha Gorno-Altaisk. It yashintsha igama layo futhi iyinhloko-dolobha. Njengoba ibizwa ngokuthi Gorno-Altaisk.

Gorno-Altaisk: Umnotho

Cabanga, njengoba inhloko-dolobha e-Altai Republic ihlelwe ngokuya kwezomnotho. Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet, Gorno-Altaisk muzi waba isikhungo zezimboni onamandla. It kwaku ibhizinisi kwimisebenzi ehlukile kakhulu - ukwakhiwa, umshini wokwakha, yokusansimbi, ukudla, ukunyatheliswa. Isetshenziswa ifenisha textile izimboni. Nokho, ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR omningi walo ukukhiqizwa savalwa. Omunye ezimbalwa ezisele ngubani manje adlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni leli dolobha lalilihle futhi ngokuyinhloko nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Altai Republic - imikhiqizo ukhonkolo isitshalo.

Manje umnqopho nokutshala izimali ohlelweni nezomnotho kulo muzi ubekwe embonini yezokuvakasha. Republic of Altai isiko inomlando omude, eqinisweni, ke uxhuma impucuko amaningi. Lokhu kwenza esifundeni yindawo ezikhangayo emkhakheni Ethno yezokuvakasha. Kukhona ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ingqalasizinda ezifanele oludingekayo ukuze inhlangano amasevisi zokuzijabulisa. Yakha amahhotela, izindawo zokudla, izikhungo ukuqina evulekile.

ezokuvakasha

Omunye izinto ezisemqoka komuzi - ipheshana Elanda, elise Awukude Gorno-Altaisk. Kukhona wadala ukuzilibazisa endaweni enkulu. Kukhona amacebo ukwakha ski resort, ingqalasizinda ezemidlalo Equestrian, ehlukile ezemidlalo ebusika. Imizamo ezihlobene ekuguquleni esifundeni ibe isikhungo izivakashi, kakade Imiphumela ngibekezele. Kunobufakazi, isibonelo, ukuthi kusukela ngo-2010 kuye kwaba ukwanda komthwalo ukugeleza izivakashi. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi esimweni esinzima sezomnotho kusasele Russia, Respublika Altay uyakwazi ngempela ukuqala edonsa izivakashi ngubani zijwayele ezibizayo ebusika zokungcebeleka nezinye izifunda Russian kanye namazwe angaphandle.

Altai - indawo eyingqayizivele, futhi ngokuya geography ngokuya eminyaka yentuthuko kanye interpenetration bezinkolo, emasiko nemihambo kazwelonke. Abantu abaningi abaye bavakashela lapha, uqaphele ubuhlobo obukhethekile yabantu bomdabu nemvelo - futhi lo muzwa ngokuvumelana ukuba izwe elalibazungezile Altaians ngandlela-thile ukuphatha kwabanye, namaqembu abo yobuhlanga angomakhelwane, kuhlanganise izivakashi. Republic of Altai Izintaba, naphezu ngezinga abalulekile kwezimboni ku kwamaSoviet, has izindawo ezinkulu ezingenziwanga yingcweti ngumuntu. Lapho, endaweni ehlanzekile, isakhamuzi nedolobha elikhulu lesimanje isiRashiya ukukhohlwa mayelana nezindaba ngokucindezela, ikhefu kusukela muzi ophithizelayo befuna. Wozani Intaba Altai!