Antarctica: nemvelo. Flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene Antarctica

Lona omunye amazwekazi Ayindida kakhulu futhi kancane-eyaziwa kule mbulunga yethu. Antarctica wavula wamazwe amabili anesibindi - M. Lazarev futhi Bellingshausen. uhambo zabo waqinisekisa ukuba khona Antarctica eningizimu wonke. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1820.

Namuhla, eseningizimu amazwekazi emhlabeni, njengoba nasendulo, kunesithembiso eziningi eziyimfihlakalo. Umhlobo Antarctica zazinzima kakhulu futhi akukho ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene. Sekutholakele ukuthi lena izwekazi eliphakeme. Izwe kunqoba kwesilinganiso sezinga lolwandle ayizinkulungwane 2-4 (maphakathi nezwekazi) amakhilomitha.

Incazelo yaleli zwekazi

Transarctic Izintaba ukuwela Antarctica bahlukanise kwawo izingxenye ezimbili - empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Cishe lonke izwekazi embozwe iqhwa. Kuphela ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-ababecishe babe izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane amakhilomitha square ezindaweni matasa, ice-DRM. Basuke esisogwini olusentshonalanga Pacific - ithafa elincane iziqongo entabeni ezimbalwa, ngokuthi nunataks. Bona Tower phezu ice.

Ikhava ice zaleli zwekazi - enamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni - eziyizigidi ezingu-30 cubic metres of iqhwa ezakha 90% isitokwe komhlaba ice. Akumangalisi ukuthi yiqhwa elimboze i-Antarctica aqukethe nenqwaba yamanzi ahlanzekile.

izimo zezulu

Antarctica ihlukile nemvelo sezulu esibanda kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngo-1983 yena yabhaliswa ngokomthetho esincane kakhulu - lokususa 89,2 degrees. Ebusika izinga lokushisa kugcinwa at degrees emhlabeni -60 kuya -75. Ehlobo antante -50. Futhi ogwini kuphela isimo sezulu imnene: nezinga lokushisa zokhahlamba kusuka degrees 0 kuya -20.

Inzika kungenzeka kuphela ngesimo iqhwa, okuyinto onomfutho ngaphansi isisindo ayo, ukwakha izingqimba entsha ice.

Nokho e-Antarctica, kukhona emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi. Babonakala ehlobo, kanti ebusika waphinda embozwe iqhwa. Namuhla, ososayensi baye bathola 140 emachibini subglacial. Kulaba bafundi, omunye ayigongobali - East.

I izitshalo Antarctica

flora izwekazi ayiyinhle kakhulu. izici Zemvelo-Antarctica ngenxa sezulu layo nokhahlo. ulwelwe Iningi okumila lapha - mayelana 700 zilwane. Ingabe mahhala kusuka iqhwa emathafeni futhi ugu zaleli zwekazi imbozwe ulele futhi wona. Izimbali izitshalo kuleli zwe elibuhlungu, babili kuphela - pearlwort Quito futhi izinwele Antarctic utshani.

Pearlwort Quito kungokwalabo umndeni Caryophyllaceae. Lesi simila ongaphakeme herbaceous kokuba simise pincushion nge izimbali ezincane okhanyayo ophuzi nomhlophe. Ukuphakama izitshalo omdala musa idlule ngamasentimitha amahlanu 5.

Antarctic izinwele utshani kungokwalabo okusanhlamvu. ikhula kuphela emhlabathini, engenisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Lezi ezihlabayo ethafeni akhule 20 amasentimitha. Lesi sitshalo uyazibekezelela okokuqandisa. Ngisho ngesikhathi zezimbali kungalimazi kunesithwathwa.

I izitshalo Antarctic, okwethulwa izitshalo ambalwa bazivumelanisa abandayo okuphakade. amaseli wabo zinamanzi esincane noma abangenaso nhlobo, zonke izinqubo kancane.

izilwane

Ikakhulukazi ubunjalo Antarctica kwashiya izibazi nezilwane zaleli zwekazi. Izilwane ezihlala ezweni ezineqhwa kuphela lapho lungekho uhlaza. Naphezu kwesimo sezulu elibuhlungu e-Antarctica ngezikhathi lasendulo elalihlalwa izibankwakazi.

izilwane Antarctic zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ahlukene - zasemanzini eliwumhlaba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izilwane siphila njalo phezu kwezwe, e-Antarctica lapho.

Amanzi ezizungezile nezwekazi, ecebile zooplankton, okuyinto ukudla main izimvu zamanzi, imikhomo, ama-penguin futhi sea izingonyama. Lihlala ice izinhlanzi - zidalwa ezimangalisayo sebejwayele ukuba abahlala amanzi abanda njengeqhwa abanga izinkinga.

Ukuze izilwane ezinkulu Antarctica kukhona imikhomo blue, okuyinto edonsela inqwaba nezimfanzi.

Ngo igcwele amachibi afake ulwelwe oluluhlaza kanye nematodes, copepods futhi daphnia zenzeka.

izinyoni

Ukuze penguins, skuas futhi Arctic tern ikhaya bokuzalwa lapha e-Antarctica. Nature ayivumeli nezwekazi ukuphila izinyoni kabanzi lapha. ezine zama-penguins ukuphila e-Antarctica. labantu Iningi - Imperial. Ngezikhathi ezithile phezu nezwekazi eliseningizimu fly petrels.

ezincelisayo

Antarctica, ubunjalo okuyinto nokhahlo kakhulu izilwane eziphilayo, can kuphela aziqhayise ngezinto yena labo izinhlobo bayakwazi ukuphila kokubili ezweni emanzini. Okokuqala nje eliqinisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ogwini bukhoma ingwe lwezimpawu kanye indlovu lwezimpawu. Amahlengethwa awazona isihlabathi encane noma omnyama nomhlophe, okuyinto whalers ngokuthi ulwandle izinkomo.

Abantu abahlukumeza abanye Antarctica

Kuleli zwekazi uhlala eziningi ezidla ezahlukene. Ukudla kwawo kuhlanganisa ikakhulu ama-plankton ezinamagobolondo. Kulawa, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ingwe zasolwandle - uphawu elikhulu, krill. Uhlala ekujuleni engajulile. Nokho, it has enkazimulweni nomzingeli elikwaziyo ukuze azingele tilwane letinkhulu. ukuzingela ezinjalo nokho zonyaka kuphela ngokwemvelo futhi kuhloswe ukuba diversify yokudla, esakhiwa squid nenhlanzi, kodwa ngesisekelo krill. Idlanzana lezi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane zasolwandle siwagcine rookeries of zamanzi ezinoboya futhi penguin amakoloni. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zidlakela bayaphola ku zeqhwa kanye enhlonhlweni nokuqala ebusika abuthele sibaningi emihlanganweni saseNingizimu Georgia.

Leopard seal - zinde yangempela. Bhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni obuphelele - 3.8 amamitha, kodwa kwakukhona izilwane futhi emikhulu.

Ngu ukuwa zezingwe ukushintsha indlela yokuphila esondela ogwini lapho makehle ongenalwazi abasha yezimvu zamanzi ezinoboya penguins.

ezingenamgogodla

Ukuze esifanelana ngokugcwele uhlobo Antarctica, ngakho-ke ezingenamgogodla umlawuli wekhompyutha. Ngo-Antarctica, ekhaya ukuze 67 zezintaka amakhizane ezine zama-izintwala. Kukhona inyoni izintwala, namazeze kanye, yebo, omiyane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi omiyane ikhala wingless nge jet black umbala, wathola kuphela kulelivekati ezineqhwa. Lezi zinambuzane - sendawo eziphathelene isilwane eliwumhlaba ngokugcwele.

Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi ezingenamgogodla nezinambuzane wangena nezwekazi eliseningizimu wezinyoni.

ezokuvakasha

Naphezu kwesimo sezulu elibuhlungu e-Antarctica mayelana anamathandathu amawaka zezihambeli ziyafika minyaka yonke. Iningi lazo ukuya iNhlonhlo ye-Antarctica, lapho sezindiza futhi isikhungo izivakashi. Ngo-1990, izivakashi waqala ukuhambela noLwandle Ross.