Inhloko-dolobha Zaire. Umuzi Kinshasa. EDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Inhloko-dolobha ye-Republic of Zaire, uqambe kabusha ngo-1997 kuya e-Democratic Republic of the Congo, namuhla enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu emadolobheni e-Afrika futhi njengoba Kinshasa ezaziwayo. Nokho, igama yesimanje yenhloko-dolobha wathola kuphela ngemva ukuzimela.

Congo ebalazweni Afrika

Izwe, etholakala engxenyeni emaphakathi kwezwekazi lase-Afrika, le ndawo yesibili Algeria kuphela, futhi isibalo zezitsha endaweni yesine ngemuva Nigeria, IKushe neGibithe. Izwe inomlando omude futhi impikiswano egcwele izimpi nezingxabano zangaphakathi.

Zaqala eminyakeni engaphezu eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile, lapho izizwe abalimi uBantu waqala nokuya enyakatho uya phakathi nezwe, nokuxoshwa kwabantu bomdabu AbaThwa, owagcina nelinani lelincane, sakhipha ukuba azungeze ukuphila komphakathi nezombusazwe yezwe.

Nokho, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka amaningi, umlando of the Congo angazanga esitebeleni isimo izinhlangano, futhi kuphela ekhulwini XlV sifinyelela Maphakathi nomfula omkhulu Afrika Congo sekukhona umbuso igama elifanayo, lapho, futhi babekezelela bashayisana ne abanikazi bamakoloni isiPutukezi ekhulwini xv. Cishe amane eminyaka, ababusi bendawo ithengiswe ngokuzithandela izifundo zabo baseYurophu owavele, athuthwe nezigqila zase-Afrika eNyakatho Melika.

isikhathi wamakoloni

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lonke elase-Afrika kanye ne-Democratic Republic of the Congo, impela ehlaselwe Ukweqisa kwemibuso yamakoloni nobugovu kwabarhwebelana, omunye Akufanele siwuthathe kalula nethonya elihle kwezinye abantu ekuthuthukiseni amazwe ase-Afrika.

Isikhundla endaweni namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi Republic of Congo, lokhu kwakuhluke ubucebi wamakoloni, ngoba yena akasoze ngokusemthethweni ikoloni kwanoma iyiphi izwe eYurophu, kodwa isuke isihlale isikhathi eside ezizimele iNkosi uPhilip Belgian, ngemva ngaye okuthiwa inhloko-dolobha Zaire. Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala manje obizwa ngokuthi u-dolobha ophithizelayo eLéopoldville - behlonipha Belgian King Leopold.

Isisekelo edolobheni

Itshe lokuqala dolobha entsha Zaire wabeka abadumile British wamazwe ase-Afrika, intatheli nomhloli wamazwe Henry Morton Stanley, eyasungulwa loMfula okuthunyelwe emfuleni ukuhweba kuyiphi kwakufanele kuqale ukuthuthukiswa esingaguquguquki ngumgogodla nezwekazi, kuze kube yileso sikhathi ayiqondakali kahle.

Liberation ukunyakaza Africanization

Kusukela yaqala ukuba khona ngo-1881 futhi kuze kube ukukhululwa ejokeni umqhele Belgian ngo-June 1960, inhloko-dolobha Zaire, wabizwa eLéopoldville, kodwa lapho kufika umashiqela Mobutu kuhulumende, kamuva eyethiwa ngokuthi u. Isizathu sokuba ukuqanjwa kabusha kwaba zikamashiqela efakwe ifa anti-koloni, kuhlanganise ngokolimi: Dutch, lalivamile eZaire phathelana ngenhloso dengwane yiziphathimandla. Ngakho Kinshasa - inhloko-dolobha mbuso owadalwa - atholwe igama layo lamanje, okuyinto kudlule kuyo kusukela kwelinye lala madolobhana ukuthi langena imikhawulo edolobheni.

Iminyaka yokuqala ukuzimela lizwe akuzange yokuchuma nokuthula. Ngemva kokubusa iminyaka amafishane wentando yeningi uMongameli Kasavubu yaphela kokugumbuqelwa yakhe. Oxhaswe uJenene Mabuchi ikhanda wagudluzwa zombuso. Kinshasa - Congo dolobha - baba uhlobo imbangela yombango owawuzothatha phakathi US ne-Soviet Union ebesifuna ngayo ukuthola ukulawula phezu enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi ocebile, kuhlanganise i-uranium. Futhi kumelwe ngivume ukuthi lo mncintiswano, amaMelika inqobe ecacile.

Ukwanda okusheshayo nobumpofu

Ngaphambi 1966, inhloko-dolobha Zaire, wabizwa eLéopoldville, kodwa kamuva eyethiwa ngokuthi u eKinshasa emva ukumisa ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba izinqubomgomo Africanization. Nakuba indawo umuzi emfuleni futhi kunezinzuzo ezithile ngesimo ukufinyelela imizila emfuleni zokuhamba, kodwa izinguquko ekuphakameni eqinile kanye imibundu ukuvumela lokuthumela umkhuba kuphela ingxenye elilinganiselwe emfuleni.

Ukuze unqobe lo mkhawulo kusuka ogwini kuya ku-dolobha, waqala ukudonsa ujantshi okwagcina sanikela ekwandeni zezimboni grand. Ahambisana Naleli ujantshi waqala ukwakhiwa iphayiphi, eyaqedwa ngo-1914.

Congo ebalazweni Afrika ingenye yezindawo ezibalulekile, ngakho lapho ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, i-izinkinga sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe, iningi uthi Afrika ziye zamukela ucishe ahileleke isinqumo salo.

Omunye umfula - izihloko ezimbili

Inhloko-dolobha Zaire - akulona kuphela Umuzi owakhe osebeni of the Congo. On okuphambene ekhunjini Kinshasa iyinhloko-dolobha ye isimo engumakhelwane. Democratic Republic of the Congo komngcele isimo, ogama lakhe olusemthethweni - Republic of the Congo. Izakhamuzi izihloko ezimbili ungakwazi ukubheka omakhelwane ngokusebenzisa emfuleni sasivumela banzi phezu okuyinto, ngeshwa, kukhona ibhuloho exhumanisa imizana ezimbili ezinkulu.

Kinshasa Modern, inhlokodolobha kwelinye lamazwe ampofu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kuyinto ehluke umbono umxhwele. Ehlaselwa ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kokukhulekela ocebile zamabhizinisi kanye emijondolo ezindaweni lapho abantu beswela ukufinyelela ezikhungweni eziyisisekelo ezisemadolobheni. Izakhamuzi eziningi azinalo amathuba njalo ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile.

imijondolo Inhlokodolobha sika luwumthombo oyinhloko wezinkinga eziningi ezisemadolobheni, ezifana nobugebengu nezifo. Inhloko-dolobha Zaire njalo osesikhundleni phezulu simo imizi eziyingozi kakhulu e-Afrika. ubugebengu Street kwenza idolobha cishe langakufanelekela abahambi ezimele futhi kakhulu kuphakamisa amanani izindlu. Ngeshwa, ukuphanga kuhlonyiwe, ngokudlwengula ukuthunjwa baba Kinshasa ezivamile ngempela. Ezezindlu esezindaweni eziphephile imele ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu ezibizayo kakhulu eYurophu futhi amahhotela ebiyelwe izindonga eziphakeme nemisele iphenduke uhlobo ghetto ngoba abelungu bokufika.

sphere wezokuhlalisana wedolobha

Naphezu esitokisini omkhulu ezibizayo futhi likufuna emakethe amaminerali, khuluma ngezinto ingcebo yezwe akudingekile. Inkohlakalo, nezindaba postcolonial kanye nokuphathwa esabekayo ukuletha izakhamuzi asemrarweni.

Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke okuyidolobha, kukhona amanyuvesi eKinshasa nezikole angaphandle ephakeme. Isebenza Academy of Arts, has a sikhungo yezokwelapha, National Pedagogical ngisho amanyuvesi lamaKatolika.

Umkhakha wezempilo imelelwa eziningi eziningana izibhedlela kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha. Njengakwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika, e-Congo iyasebenza kakhulu izinhlangano zosizo zamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi ukukhokhela usizo lwezempilo izakhamuzi zendawo.

Kinshasa - inhloko-dolobha isimo esisha

Inhlekelele yezombangazwe yaxazululwa yabo kuleli ngokwezibalo zika-2005, ne ukwamukelwa uMthethosisekelo omusha. Ngokomthetho entsha eziyisisekelo, indawo wezwe sehlukaniswe izifundazwe nanye. Inhlokodolobha uthola indawo ekhethekile division zokuphatha - ke kokubili idolobha nesifunda ezizimele.

I conurbation laseKinshasa has abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu ayisishiyagalombili, kodwa empeleni akekho owaziyo ngempela ukuthi bangaki abantu bahlala emijondolo dimensionless ezungeze idolobha nabasebenzi uhlobo ibhande ehlukanisa inhlokodolobha zivela emaphandleni zize akhelene ke.

Nokho, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene ubumpofu kanye izinkinga ezinkulu emkhakheni kwezenhlalo, abomdabu eziningi Kinshasa igxathu kuleli mdlalo futhi show ibhizinisi emazweni omhlaba.