Ukwahlukanisa amathambo abantu nezinhlangano

Bone kunakho ngemva koqweqwe lwawo izidakamizwa ekhona ngomzimba womuntu nangendawo ehlanganisa ngohlobo olukhethekile ezicutshini. Ngu izici zayo isici kukhona khona okuqinile ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali nosawoti wamaminerali, fibrous-matrix extracellular futhi stellate amaseli unikezwe amagatsha eziningi. Ukwahlukanisa kanye nesakhiwo amathambo esisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi kubaluleke indima of the system zemisipha emzimbeni.

Ukwahlukaniswa amathambo

ithambo ngalinye - lotimele akhiwa izingxenye ezimbili. I yangaphandle okuyingxenye - iyona periosteum, futhi kwakheka elingaphakathi ngumuntu izicubu ekhethekile zezinzwa. isikhala sabo Liyikhaya izitho ezinkulu hematopoietic.

Ukwahlukanisa amathambo ngendlela ahlinzekwe ngayo amaqembu ezilandelayo:

• eside noma ijabulise;
• Ngamafuphi, olubizwa nangokuthi sithambile;
• flat noma ububanzi;
• exubile, ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-normal;
• womoya.

Esikhathini eside (ijabulise) amathambo engxenyeni phakathi side, cylindrical, noma ukuma esingunxantathu. Le ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi i-diaphysis. A semikhawulweni uqweqwe - ke epiphysis. Ukuba epiphysis ngamunye ebusweni articular embozwe uqwanga articular, kubangela amandla isibopho.

Of ilungu ijabulise yezingalo nemilenze skeleton in which they anxuswa ukuba enze umsebenzi asizakale. ngezigaba Ngaphezu kwalokho lolu hlobo of amathambo inikeza yokwahlukana zabo zibe eside futhi esifushane. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa ehlombe, ethangeni, ibhodi lemisindo futhi umbala. Ukuze yesibili - metacarpal, metatarsal, phalanges.

Kafushane (sithambile) ithambo lesi sijame njengebhoksi cube noma polyhedron okungajwayelekile. Basuke etholakala izindawo skeleton lapho inhlanganisela ezifanele wamandla ukuhamba emalungeni. Sikhuluma mayelana izihlakala le waseTarsu.

Ukuhlanganyela kumiswa izimbotshana umzimba nemisebenzi zokuzivikela kukhona umthwalo flat (ububanzi) amathambo, ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba sternum, izimbambo, ukhalo ugebhezi cap. Lezi evele inamathelisiwe kwemisipha, ngaphakathi kubo, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-tube, kuyinto umnkantsha.

amathambo iDemo e esihlakaleni womuntu ibhulashi ivumela ukwenza ezihlukahlukene manipulations. Futhi izinzwani ukwandisa ukuzinza uma umuntu imile.

Ukwahlukanisa amathambo futhi inikeza okwesikhathi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu amathambo zinhlobo okuxubile. Ziyakwazi ahlukahlukene ngesimo umsebenzi (arc futhi izinqubo zomzimba vertebral).

Ngo airspaces emzimbeni has umgodi uphahlwe ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nomoya. Ingxenye Yekhanda kungokwalabo le zilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid maxillary.

Ukwahlukanisa ithambo amalunga omzimba

Wonke amathambo setha amafomu engxenyeni yokwenziwa of the system zemisipha, ukusebenza njengehhovisi uhlelo, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa khona izinhlobo kwakwakhe ezahlukene ukuhlinzeka ngamazinga ahlukene ukuhamba.

uxhumano mathambo ayindlu okuqhubekayo kanye discontinuous. Futhi ukukhiqiza uhlobo Lesisemkhatsini uxhumano, othiwa symphysis.

compounds fibrotic

Ukwahlukanisa amathambo womuntu kubalulekile kwezokwelapha ukuze kugwemeke umonakalo uhlelo zemisipha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile futhi uhlobo izicubu ukuba eziboshiwe. Lesi sici kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi compounds okuqhubekayo lunemicu cartilaginous futhi bony kwakwakhe (synchondrosises). Ngo fibrotic ezingeni lelisetulu amandla futhi ukuhamba ongaphakeme. Phakathi leli qembu compounds isehlane syndesmoses, futhi zokushisela ka ezivuzayo. Ukuze afeze syndesmosis umsipha kanye ulwelwesi interosseous.

Izinhlobo compounds fibrotic

Nemisipha kukhona awugqinsi isakhiwo lwemishayo noma amapuleti, ezakhiwe obukhulu fibrous sezicubu zezinzwa futhi imali ethe collagen ethandele. Inqwaba ngokuvamile inikeza uxhumano phakathi amathambo amabili kanye nokuqiniswa ngokuhlanganyela, nokukhawula ukunyakaza kwabo. Ongamelana imithwalo esindayo.

Nge nolwelwesi interosseous uxhumeke kwi-diaphysis lamathambo eside, futhi izindawo lokunamathelisa imisipha. ulwelwesi Interosseous babe ukuvuleka okuyothi labetibambile imithambo yegazi nezinzwa.

Enye indlela compounds fibrous - is skull ezivuzayo sokuhlukanisa ngokuhambisana ukucushwa kwe emaphethelweni exhunywe kwi-sithambile, zibe maholoholo futhi flat. Zonke izinhlobo sele ungqimba interlayer zezicubu zezinzwa.

Welding futhi uhlobo olukhethekile kwakwakhe fibrous siyenzeka ezindaweni izinyo bese ithambo kwakwakhe alveoli kwamazinyo. Izinyo bone odongeni alikho oxhumana naye. Basuke ahlukaniswe ipuleti ezondile ehlanganisa ezicutshini. Ibizwa ngokuthi periodontitis.

Synchondrosises futhi synostosis

ithambo Ukwahlukanisa sihlinzekela compounds synchondrosises lapho kunenze nisondelane Kwenziwa nge uqwanga. I izici eziyinhloko synchondrosises kuyaqina, amandla.

Lapho ungqimba uqwanga phakathi amathambo esikhundleni ithambo izicubu, kuholela synostosis. Mobility kuleli cala iya zero, futhi amandla uyakwazisa ukwanda.

amalunga omzimba

Kakhulu ezithathekayo uhlobo compounds kukhona amalunga omzimba. izici Isici kwalezi zibopho kukhona discontinuous ebukhoneni izingxenye ekhethekile: evele ngokuhlanganyela, ingaphakathi articular, uketshezi lwamalunga kanye capsule.

Articular uqwanga hyaline ihlanganisa ebusweni, kanye ingaphakathi isikhala umqhewu-like phakathi evele articular amathambo, capsule articular futhi ezungezwe oqukethe esibalulekile uketshezi lwamalunga.

ithambo waphuka

Ukwa ukuphulwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye ubuqotho ithambo, ukuthi uvela ukuhlukumezeka zangaphandle noma ngokuhamba izinguquko izicubu eziye zabangela lesi sifo.

Igama egcwele ukwa zingasetshenziswa, ikhumbula eziningi izimfanelo ezakha kuqala kunazo zonke uhlobo ukulimala, okuyinto itholakala lapho eqondisa ithambo eliphukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama ukwa ihlanganisa uhlamvu ngezimbangela zako (kuhlasimulise noma sokugembula).

Ukwahlukanisa waphuka ngokuyinhloko inikeza yokwahlukana zabo zibe azalwa naso futhi atholwe. Ukuba khona waphuka ngenxa iziyaluyalu azalwa naso ngesikhathi kwengane esiswini futhi ngempela ezingavamile. Phakathi kwabo kukhona kungenziwa ngokuthi lezo ahlupheke ugebhezi, izimbambo, ingqwababa, amahlombe kanye okhalweni kakhulu kungenzeka. Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu kubangelwa sokuzalwa umuntu elimele, ukuthuthukiswa intrauterine ukuba ongenabo ubudlelwano, uhlamvu Ngakho, sithathwa.

Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu Kutholiwe zingahlukumezana futhi sokugembula. Eyokuqala zibangelwa isinyathelo mechanical zitholakala noma endaweni umthelela (ngqo) noma ngaphandle le izoni (ngokungaqondile). Elinye iqembu kuhlanganisa waphuka yokuthi akhiwa ngenxa ithambo isimila izilonda noma ezinye izinqubo ukuvuvukala noma esiwohlozayo.

Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu Vula avaliwe

Vula waphuka zinezikhathi izilonda zesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ezindaweni yomthelela kuhlasimulise ezaholela ukuhlukumeza yobuqotho babo. Uma une isilonda nezicubu sephulwe, ke kuphakamisa a ingozi yokutheleleka nokuthuthukiswa okwalandela osteomyelitis ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele.

Ngo ophukayo avaliwe ubuqotho isikhumba akuyona eziphukile.

Ukwahlukanisa amathambo namalunga abo kanye waphuka angachaza ngokugcwele indima skeleton ekusebenzeni umzimba sisonke futhi kuvimbele ukulimala uhlelo zemisipha.