Ngenxa yalokho yobukhona uhambo Magellan sika kuyo seyakhiwe? I uhambo Ferdinand Magellan

Ngaphandle sibambe romantics, izama abathandi zomhlaba adventure kwakuyoba isidina. Futhi zihluke kakhulu, ngoba kusekukhulu ungalokothi evulekile, hhayi wathola, akuzange kusungulwe.

Inkathi okutholakele ezindawo

Ihlanganisa inkathi lapho abahloli bamazwe yavutha izindlela ezintsha wathola amazwekazi neziqhingi, ushintshe nebalazwe. Ngazifihla kwenkathi lezinkathi eziningana:

• Early, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho amatilosi ejwayele Indian futhi Atlantic Ocean, eMediterranean oLwandle iBaltic, Sea Yellow kanye woLwandle Olumnyama, zagudla Afrika futhi wenza amabalazwe olunembile lezi zindawo.
• Isilinganiso, lapho bevula zwekazi American, sathola indlela yasolwandle esuka eYurophu nase-Asia,, wenza circumnavigation lokuqala wonke futhi wathola Australia.
• Kamuva, ngesikhathi lapho yafunda North-West Melika, i-Antarctica, izilwandle.

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka lweshumi nanhlanu-nesikhombisa ukubizwa ngokuthi inkathi eminingi etholakale okukhulu. Futhi okhuluma langaleso sikhathi, ingasaphathwa igama itilosi, owaba negalelo elikhulu isayensi yesimanje. Lokhu Magellan uFernando, le ndoda owaba ukuthi Earth uyindilinga.

Umlando Omfushane Magellan

F. Magellan (Magalyaynsh) wazalelwa e Portugal e 1470. Kodwa impumelelo esiyinhloko isayensi wenza ngaphansi ifulege Spanish. Kwafika insizwa umndeni esihle, ngakho got a imfundo enhle, futhi mkhuba Navy. Lapho ethatha umhlalaphansi wakhe, Magellan Fernando wathutha eSpain, lapho kuhlongozwa ukuba iNkosi yalolu hambo okusalungiswa, okuyinto emva eminingi eshukumisa okwamanje bokutholwa. Futhi uhambo lwemikhumbi amahlanu anqotshwe uhambo abadumile.

Phakathi lolu hambo watholwa futhi womkhathi weNingizimu ogwini mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, Strait eningizimu, okuyinto kamuva wathola igama lakhe, toothfish Cordillera. Indlela ama-pilgrim badabula elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, elalikade awuhambanga imikhumbi e-Europe, Guam, ePhilippines. Kukhona impi nge abomdabu wabulawa Fernando, kodwa ithimba akhe kubé yinto enhle.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwatholakala khona Magellan uhambo izilwandle olulodwa baye bafakazela ukuthi iplanethi kuyinto ukuma ibhola. Kodwa lolu lwazi nohlolwe umphakathi kamuva kakhulu.

Strait of Magellan

Indlela Magellan nomsizi wakhe waqala Septhemba 20, 1519. isitsha elincane okukhishwa kukho izingcezu ezinhlanu, ebithwele abantu 265, olwandle. Ukaputeni esetshenziswa mkhosi uhlelo lwakhe oluyingqayizivele eyayivumela yonke imikhumbi ukuze uhlale ndawonye. Fernando wafuna ukuwela ulwandle i-Atlantic, ngakho emhlabeni ekupheleni kukaDisemba, sifike Rio de la Plata. Esikhathini esingaphezu kwenyanga babefuna yokudlulela oLwandle South, kodwa zaphoqeleka ukuba uhlale ebusika. imikhumbi emithathu asusa isidumo, kodwa wabulawa ngesihluku ukuyiveza. Ngenxa yalokho ngokushesha Magellan omisiwe ukuba khona ulwandle olulodwa, strait watholakala, futhi uhambo baqhubeka. Nokho, umkhumbi owodwa yaphahlazeka, kanye nezinye washiywa.

Ukufa umholi

Ekupheleni Novemba 1520 weqembu lemikhumbi wangena Sea South, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, ngoba ngesikhathi ebhukuda ngokusebenzisa ukugcina isimo sezulu esihle. Ezinyangeni ezine iqembu wachitha olwandle, ngokuba sisonqenqemeni sokusinda. Indlala, ukhwekhwe, a eliphezulu lokufa - yilokho abahlanganyeli okwadingeka abhekane nakho kohambo lokuqala emhlabeni wonke. Ekugcineni, lo mkhankaso we uFerdinand Magellan kwaba ngaleso qoqo leziqhingi Philippine. Lapho, abaseSpain ngazimemezela esiqhingini ubambe Inkosi yabo futhi sasifuna ukunqoba.

Kodwa abantu bendawo wayenezinye izinhlelo. UMbusi Cebu kusolakala ahlelwe idili yokudumisa njengabafokazi lapho ehlasela izivakashi zakhe. Ukungqubuzana esezibulala Magellan. Ithimba selibalekele izikebhe, kodwa abantu anisuthi, ngakho omunye imikhumbi kwakudingeka bashise.

Umgomo kufinyelelwe?

Zonke manje wazi ukuthi ngenxa uhambo Magellan omisiwe ukuba khona ulwandle olulodwa emhlabeni ezihambisana besebunzimeni neziteshi. Kodwa esiqhingini izinongo, okuyinto esendleleni Itilosi, kodwa Basebathathu.

Cishe izinyanga ezine imikhumbi zazulazula kwezilwandle aze lawela esiqhingini Tidore. Lapha, unezela izinqolobane, ukuthenga uhlobo lwembali enephunga elimnandi, umkhumbi aqhubeka nendlela yawo. Kodwa ahlukana: elinye eliholwa entshonalanga ihamba ngasogwini olungenalo Afrika kanye ezinye iziboshwa ukuze lilungiswe. "Victoria" kuqede wokuqala emhlabeni uhambo emhlabeni Septhemba 6, 1522. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu wonke amadoda nesishiyagalombili kwesokunxele. Kamuva ngo-Spain Buyisela abantu nesikhombisa ebhodini "Trinidad". Ukuthengisa izinongo, iqembu kukhokhelwe zonke izindleko kohambo olude.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Inani eqala ukuhambela eliyigugu. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngenxa uhambo Magellan omisiwe khona izilwandle. Mariners zikufakazela yokuthi kuyiplanethi yethu ezweni esingaphansi amanzi. Igama isiPutukezi abanesibindi wababiza hhayi kuphela ukuvula Strait ePacific Ocean, kodwa amaqoqo ezinkanyezi amabili okukhulunywa ngu Antonio Pifachetta, ilungu umkhankaso nayo mlando yayo. Sailor amanoveli abazinikezele nocwaningo.

Kodwa uma uhambo ulilethele inzuzo Fernand nomkhaya wakhe? Washona Phakathi nohambo lapho ezama, efana conquistadors siwunqoba abomdabu of Philippine Islands. Amatilosi ushiyiwe umkhumbi Magellan osolwa lokuzama ukuvukela uMbuso, ngakho Wakhumula nazo zonke amalungelo kanye nezinzuzo. Phakathi nonyaka ngaphambi weqembu lemikhumbi umkhumbi odlule waphonsa i ikhaya ihange, indodana Fernando ifile. Futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha wafa nomkakhe abakhulise wayesanda kubeletha ukuze Indodana yesibili efile. Yilokho intengo isihambi kwadingeka bakhokhele ukulala wathola okukhulu!