Borovsky sezindela. Ubaba Blasius - Borovsky sezindela. Umdala ka wezindela Borowski

Umlando Isigodlo Pafnuteva Borovskogo, kanye isiphetho umsunguli indlela abukeka ngayo izenzakalo ezimangalisayo. Basuke okukhulunywa emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ezweni Russian. Isikhumbuzo enkazimulweni ngokubabazekayo futhi ingcwele ezingokomoya kubhekwa ngendlu kukaJesu the Virgin Pure Iningi nabakhulu Chudotvortsa Pafnutiya.

Esigabeni sokuqala intuthuko engokomoya umsunguli yesigodlo

Borovsky sezindela ogama lakhe behlonipha St. Paphnutius owazalelwa edolobhaneni Kudinovo (mayelana 4 ukusuka edolobheni Borovsk) emkhayeni ukuzishaya okhetheke khulu. Okwamanje sokubhapathizwa, isimangaliso sisebenzi okuthiwa Parthenius. Wayephethe Umkhulu ngubani, ngokwesiko wasendulo, ingabe Tatar Baskakov, wamukela ukholo Orthodox. Lapho iminyaka Parfeny mabini ezelwe, wahlanganyela High-Pokrovka Borovsky Isigodlo, lapho wathatha izifungo Izigodlo nokutjho igama elisha - Pafnutii. I wesigodlo, eqaphela isifiso senhliziyo wale nsizwa sika, wamnika umeluleki - ngilixhegu, Nikita, okwase kuphele iminyaka engu nesishiyagalolunye wayenguKristu umphathi we Serpukhov Vysotsky sezindela waya umfundi St. uSergiyu ka Radonezh.

Life of St

Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili kwempilo engokomoya okusezingeni eliphezulu Pafnutii ngokomoya uvukile ezingeni "ukufundisa ngomyeni wakhe." Metropolitan UPhotius, owayephezu kwabo bonke zezindela Orthodox eRussia, ukhishwa simnikeza udumo babe wesigodlo we sezindela. Ngo 1444 monk kwesokunxele Isigodlo Pokrovsky at umyalo kaNkulunkulu. Waphila Akukude, endaweni eyihlane, lapho umfula uthululela phakathi Isterma Protva, ngamakhilomitha amahlanu kusuka Borovsk. Ngokushesha kukhona abode usumisiwe kakhulu. Kamuva wanezela kuso igama Church of the kukaJesu the Virgin Yakhiwa ngomyalo wabaholi Metropolitan uJona.

Paphnutius renunciation yokuzithandela worldly pilo lalinonya kakhulu, kodwa ngokuqinile waphawula zonke yenkolo okubhekwa, imithetho, iziqondiso. Njengoba umqaphi canons, akazange aqaphele Metropolitan uJona, njengoba wakhethwa, kodwa akakuvumeli Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople, amela ngenhla zonke zezindela eRussia.

Ongcwele usebenza Paphnutii

Idethi isisekelo sezindela Borowski, kubhekwe ku 1444. Paphnutius ngokuthi indlu yakhe limi ngomumo uNina kaNkulunkulu. On the ekhethiwe emkhakheni ongcwele kwenziwe imisebenzi yayo iminyaka engaphezu kuka amathathu. Yena yangcwelisa sezindela nemithandazo yabo kanye nomsebenzi, eqoqwe futhi waletha ngobuzalwane zonke ekulaleleni nasekwesabeni uNkulunkulu.

Emva kokuthola isaziso esivela eNkosini Pafnuti ngokufa kwakhe okusondelayo, wayechitha isikhathi esisele ngomthandazo obungapheli futhi bezila ukudla, yokufundisa abafundi. IsAm ukubeka amathemba akhe khe phefumulo futhi Isigodlo kuNkulunkulu kanye Umama Pure Iningi kuye wamphathisa. Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi lokho kujabulisa iNkosi izimpilo ezincisha injabulo, engu-82 ubudala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Paphnutius abazalwane bebuthene phezulu kusukela ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu.

Ukuhlonipha saint phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe

Maqondana abantu abavamile Paphnutius lalinonya. Kusukela boyars nezikhulu, wenqaba ukwamukela izipho izincwadi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi zezindela Orthodox avuleka eRussia lezwakala kakade eliningi kakhulu, kuba abode Paphnutii babejabulela udumo okukhulu. It ikakhulukazi ngemva kokufunda izikhulu esikhulu esiye waphakanyiselwa isikhundla womndeni uMfundisi saint. Ivan Grozny yena okuthiwa ozalwa sibonga imithandazo abadala Paphnutius. Inkosi zibalwa igama lakhe eziningi zabangcwele omkhulu ababeqapha wonke amadoda eMoscow zezindela (nabo zihlanganisa uCyril Belozersky futhi Sergiy Radonezhsky).

Iminyaka engu-18, Paphnutius waqeqeshwa imfundo Ionian Iosif Volotsky. Ngemva kwalokho, waba sibalo esikhulu ebandleni. UJosefa wabe esethatha Bohr sezindela emva Phumula ka Paphnutius e 1477.

Izimfundamakhwela ziyaye nabasekeli saint enkulu

Ngu tonsures Paphnutii zihlanganisa:

1. UJosefa Vassian Sanin, owayenguyise nombhali incazelo yempilo St ..

2. IsAm uDavide, owayengumalusi, wasungula ehlane Ascension.

3. Godfather Ivana Groznogo.

4. uMfundisi Daniel, umsunguli we-zintathu Monastery endaweni Pereslavl-Zaleski.

Pafnutii vumela inyunyana ngaphansi kwegunya fiefdoms eMoscow, ngakho-ke wagcina ikhanda yokubusa kwamakhosi amakhosi asendulo. Ngo 1467 Bohr sezindela agcwaliswa futhi itshe Cathedral of the kukaJesu kwegama Virgin. Okuqukethwe wammema ezidumile ngenkathi Mitrofanii iconographer. A sazi omkhulu futhi umculi yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-kumiswa wezindela craft isiko ekhethekile. Phakathi kwalabo abazihlanganisa notwa, kwaba St Macarius. Futhi tonsures umdala Paphnutius. Kamuva kaMakarios kwaholela Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia (1542 by 1563).

nokudunyiswa Paphnutius ngemva kokufa

umphefumulo umdala yakhe Borovsky sezindela esandleni kaNkulunkulu yokuqala ka-May (isitayela ikhalenda ubudala) e 1477, kusihlwa, ihora ngaphambi kokuba lishone.

UNkulunkulu wadala ngokusebenzisa saint yakhe izimangaliso eziningi, kusale lokuxoxela izizukulwane ezizayo, isibonelo ukuphila ezimjabulisayo. Mayelana Pafnutiev inkumbulo engcwele kwalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla. KaNkulunkulu uyoqhubeka akhe abode igcinwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ekonakalisweni. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje, iNkosi futhi umthandazo ongcwele futhi predstatel ngoba bonke abantu abathanda futhi ukholo ukuza kuye.

Ukuqala umlando omkhulu Isigodlo

Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha Pafnutiev (Borovsky) Monastery waba omunye ecebile edume kakhulu eRussia. Lapha kulapho ngo-1513, ehlobo phambi athuthuke isiqondiso Smolensk, wayeka amabutho eyinhloko amabutho eNgophezukonke ezaholela Basil lwesithathu. Izigodlo we Kaluga esifundeni ngesikhathi awazange ngokwanele bavikelekile ayehlasela ehlasela izitha. Kodwa kwashintsha lokho maduze ngokwanele. Ukuze kwesigamu ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha yesibili Borovsky sezindela esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe kwezindonga zamatshe futhi ifakwe imibhoshongo. Yena esesikhundleni yamasu emaphethelweni eningizimu-ntshonalanga eMoscow. Izindonga nemibhoshongo bahlupheka kakhulu ngesikhathi Nezinkinga Omkhulu, kodwa zabuye zakhiwa ngekhulu nesikhombisa, ongowokudabuka Kashin Shaturinym Trofimov ayeqhamuka emkhayeni nabakhi futhi yinkakha izikebhe bakhe beqiniso.

sezindela Architecture

Isigodlo lakhiwa ngo-1511 ibizo kaKhisimusi. Iphinde wakha Refectory omangalisayo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu esifanayo, ibandla lombhishobhi zase zimile. Waba eziphambili kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Oluyingungu kokuba izinsika ezine, Borowski esigodlweni kwadingeka izakhiwo ezinjalo lapho izici kuyofikwa ngokucacile lombhishobhi, isakhi we Kremlin. Ngo-1651 yena zaveza esemathuneni akudala, futhi 1651 wakha indawo yezinto enyakatho igama oNgcwele Omkhulu Martyr Irene. Ukwakheka izakhiwo lombhishobhi e yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye waphula kabusha kwakhono lika we domes kanye kudalwa kompheme.

ukulahlekelwa okukhulu

Nini Borovsk ngoJulayi 1610 kwafika Amanga Dmitry II, edume ngokuthi Tushino, amabutho akhe akazange uyoba nawo amandla anele kanye namathuba ukuthatha inqaba-sezindela. Lokhu kwenzeke kuphela uma izimantshi ngokwabo amambuka wavula amasango. Esikhathini sezindela kwakubikwa impi ukungalingani. Force amabutho ayizinkulungwane eziningana sabhuqwa zonke bendawo, ngubani baphephela yesigodlo, futhi abazalwane. Prince Volkonskiy Mihail, owayehola ukuzivikela empini babulawa esontweni lombhishobhi. Nikon naye wafa archimandrite (wesigodlo ka wezindela), kanye linguJosefa, owayeyilungu welungelo ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Monastery. Liyahlaselwa amasosha weba wonke umnotho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phansi zamalungelo nemibhalo Isigodlo lashisa emlilweni. Liluphawu sibonisa inkumbulo ubuqhawe ePrince Volkonsky futhi kule okuziphendulela Borovsk ithole elingenamikhono ayo izingalo. Lowo mdwebo uphawu ukuthembeka - inhliziyo nge cross nokuntula umqhele umfire.

I usadlondlobele emva izikhathi lusizi

Ngemva kokubhujiswa Pafnutiev sezindela kwakungasebenzeki kuphela abuyiselwe, kodwa futhi wabhekana nenkathi nokuchuma. It okwenzeka ekhulwini lesikhombisa. Nakuba elamiswa ngalo Ensemble yezakhiwo Isigodlo, ayikashintshi kuze kube manje. izivakashi zayo ekhulwini le-19, waphawula ukuthi wayeyinono kakhulu futhi icocekile, kwezwakala ekhetheke kakhulu ukuzola nokuthula. Ngo 17-19 eminyaka Pafnutiev (Borowski) esigodlweni abadumile frescos ezingavamile futhi imifanekiso, kanye sacristy ocebile umtapo. Ngu Isigodlo e 1744, 11.000 abalimi babelwa. Kuze kube manje nathi azifinyelelanga amagama abazinikezele ovelele ngesikhathi. Nokho, ngesisekelo onjani umoya esigodlweni sezindela njengoba kushintshwe impilo elokuthula, ungabona kanjani kancane kancane futhi buthule ngemisebenzi yokulalela kanye nezinsizakalo Izigodlo agelezé ezimpilweni zabo.

iziboshwa

Eminyakeni 1666-1667 ejele Borovsky sezindela equkethwe avvakum eziyihlazo. Khona-ke yena wathunyelwa ejele Pustozerya. Zibophe etilongweni Isigodlo, ngokuvumelana imithetho yombusi, kwaba Boyarynya tvoix rukax, owaphikelela Uqhekeko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ejele waqhubeka esemzileni dade nomyeni Urusov Musketeers uColonel kaDaniyeli. Lezi izisulu ze abasezinhlanganweni ekwindla 1675, wafela khona ngenxa yendlala.

izinguquko

Isigodlo ngisho nangemva zonke ukubhujiswa yanda. Kwakungeke kuvesane ukuvimbela, futhi emithathu ngesikhathi kuphangwa yebutho sikaNapoleon e 1812. Njengasekugumbuqelweni 1610, khona-ke baphanga besilisa sezindela (isithombe Paphnutii sezindela ungabona esihlokweni) washisa umtapo. Kodwa lo monakalo omkhulu kunabo wayekhona kuqala. Ngo-1932 sezindela yavalwa. Ngo Museum yakhe wagcinwa endaweni. Kamuva, Isigodlo saphendulwa ekamu ophoqelelwe. Khona-ke wahlela esikoleni ngoba imishini, okuyinto sasifundisa ezolimo. I yamathuna sezindela ladilizwa futhi endaweni yayo lakhiwa isakhiwo wokufundisa esikoleni ngo-1935.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo zehlulekile ukuvimbela. Futhi kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga Paphnutius ongcwele. Ngobusuku buka-13 ku-Meyi 14, 1954, usuku ukukhunjulwa monk zigoqiwe Dome lemcoka Cathedral of the kukaJesu. Bemi imishini ethempelini okungewakho ekolishi, ngafa olwembiza. nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva kwaqala ngo-1960.

ingokomoya ukusungulwa

Agricultural College wasuka ensimini ka wezindela Borowski ngo-1991 Ehlobo lika ngonyaka ofanayo, izindela wokuqala beza kuye. Ongokomfanekiso ukuqokwa umbusi wokuqala lezindela Abbot Nikon (Khudyakov emhlabeni). WayeyiNdodana engumoya Archimandrite Ambrose. Lokho kubanika, kwaba elokugcina kwesokunxele izindela we Isigodlo, kuvela ngaphambi Ukuvalwa yayo. Ngakho embili ezingokomoya walondolozwa. Church of St Prophet-Eliya, lapho izindlu ezingcwele St Paphnutius, abangcweliselwe ngo-1991, nantathu Apreli. Kwaletha Metropolitan Kaluzhskiy Kliment futhi Borovsk we Pskov-Caves Monastery, waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngaleso sikhathi.

Ehlobo lika-1994 esontweni lombhishobhi ekugcineni kuqalile eside elindelwe yokukhulekela zemikhosi futhi onesizotha. It esakhile iconostasis, esakhiwa imikhakha emithathu, wakha indlu yokudumisa Paphnutius. I izinsimbi abangu nawo endaweni ngo-1996.

ONgcwele Monastery uzibuthe

Ngo-1994 ewela nemigubho ezimbili - iminyaka engamakhulu ayisihlanu namashumi ayisihlanu futhi kusukela ekusungulweni Isigodlo, anamakhulu mathandathu yokuzalwa St Paphnutius. Kulesi senzakalo, Borovsky sezindela wavakashela Alexy II - Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia. Wenza udwendwe futhi izimfundiso onesizotha.

Indawo sezindela sasendulo, okuyinto yasungulwa maphakathi nawo-wetshumi lanhlanu ekhulwini Pafnutiem Borovskim, futhi kuze kube namuhla kuyinto olunothile nokunokuthula. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-khona Isigodlo, ke edonsela Ifana nozibuthe, ama-pilgrim kulo lonke elaseRussia nakwamanye amazwe (kokubili eduze nakude), owayevakashela sezindela lonke ezinkathazweni zokuphila. Eza izindonga sezindela uphumule kusukela izinkinga zansuku zonke, ukuba balahle kusukela emahlombe abo umthwalo ukukhathazeka zansuku zonke, bashaywe kwangaphakathi ukuthula namolennye indawo eminyaka.

Ukukhulekela pilgrimage

Adume Kaluga esifundeni? Borovsky Monastery, esemgwaqweni ku insimu yalo, endaweni yokugogobala izakhamuzi kokubili imiphakathi ezungeze, nakwamanye amadolobha amazwe. Ngisho eMoscow iya khona ukuba bakhulekele izinsalela Paphnutius kanye nokuvikela inkonzo, okuyinto libuswa uyise Blasius. Bohr sezindela ishicilela isheduli yawo yokukhulekela nsuku zonke iphephandaba yabo "Herald", ngisho Inthanethi esizeni esemthethweni. Lapho Isigodlo oyibamba kuSonto skole zezingane. Ungase futhi ukulalela izinkulumo abadala ngesikhathi sezindela, ukuze afeze umbono ngokuhlanganyela mayelana abefundisi amafilimu futhi sixoxe ngazo. Ngo-2011, Isigodlo esungulwe Orthodox squad Borowski onqenqemeni, okuyinto enomthelela ubunye intsha, esekelwe izimiso ukukhonza umphakathi kanye nabanye.

Siza izingane ukuthi unesiphiwo futhi intsha

Phakathi nenkathi ehlobo esigodlweni sezindela ukuthatha iqembu lezingane, scouts nabaculi abasebasha, abaqeqeshwe e-Art School zika Kaluga. Zifeza umzimba esisebenzayo kule ndawo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule esigodlweni sezindela ihlelwe etendeni Field yezingane ekamu Orthodox yokushisekela izwe ngokuthi "Stratilat". Minyaka yonke ke uhlezi abantu engaphezu kwamashumi amane. kathathu kakade nomhlangano "Pafnutevgrad", lapho abantu abasha Orthodox wathatha ingxenye ekamu base kusukela 2011.

Imisebenzi nemikhosi lendawo engcwele

Ngo Pafnutevskom sezindela ngenkuthalo eyenziwa wokunyathelisa. It ishicilela umagazini "Umkhumbi" izingane, iphephandaba i-abazali nothisha, "Borovsky uthisha" masonto onke "Herald" futhi izincwadi isiqondiso esingokomoya. Kuwo wonke unyaka, ama-pilgrim ungenza uhambo Isigodlo, lapho usebenza nezimpawu ukubhuka izitolo, umtapo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Bohr sezindela usengumhleli elikhulu ukufundwa lesifunda zemfundo. Lo mcimbi waminyaka yonke lapho kuyo inhlangano ihlose ukuthuthukisa nezindinganiso zokuziphatha nezingokomoya phakathi kwabantu. Phakathi nokugujwa enkulu kangako enjengokufa Memorial Day Paphnutius futhi kukaJesu ka UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, esigodlweni sezindela imbozwe amatafula egunjini lokudlela ukuze zonke comers.

Kaluga esifundeni, sezindela. uyise Blasius

Schema-archimandrite Blasius (Peregontsev emhlabeni) Wabelethwa ngenyanga kaMhlolanja ngomhlaka 8, 1934. Umkhaya bogosluzhitelya wayeyikholwa. ugogo wakhe - schema-indelakazi. Wakhuliswa kusukela zisencane Blasius e ukuzishaya nokholo. It kwadingeka sicashe phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ngemva kwesikole Peregontsev wabhalisa esikoleni sobudokotela e Smolensk. Umpristi esizayo waya ngasese ukuze athandaze sesonto.

Ulwazi kwabikwa onguMphathi we-Institute, wabe eseqala kokuyenga Abafundi abathembekile. Lokhu kwaba ingamukeleki Peregontseva, futhi ngenxa yalokho wanquma ukushiya isikole futhi ukuya Tambov esifundeni. Elapho, watholana uyise uHilarion (abadobi), lowo wathola ithuba ukuya esifundeni ZaseCarpathos. Lapho efika esigodlweni sezindela Agia Lavra futhi Flora owayengumfundi yashintsha igama lakhe. Isizathu salokhu sinqumo isimemezelo kuyo usesho lonke. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ngibelethe lo baba tonsured Blasius e kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa igama elifanayo St Sebaste.

Ukuqala indlela ezingokomoya Peregontseva

Kusukela ngo-1991 kuze kube manje ikhanda ngesikhathi lo mdala Blasius Borovsky sezindela. Kepha Wafinyelela isikhundla skhiarhimandrita? Ngibe umuntu ongokomoya, udokotela ekhungathekile kwaba elalela lo mzalwane alala uyise uHilarion. Ngesikhathi soshushiso kweBandla, lapho Khrushchev kwaba ngamandla, indlu yezindela yavalwa. Blaise waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele Smolensk futhi utakule imibhalo. Abameleli neziphathimandla esisemthethweni wamcela ukuba ashiye ukuphila Izigodlo kanye ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo at sikhungo, kodwa wenqaba. Blasius waklonyeliswa nezilaleli nge uMbhishobhi Omkhulu uGideyoni, ngubani wamthatha wamyisa lombhishobhi yakhe. inkonzo schema-archimandrite esizayo waqala ekuhlanzeni altare. Kamuva waba-umfundi hubo ke ibamba, idikoni ke zompristi kanye cellmate. Lapho uGideyoni ngo-1972 wayiswa besifunda-bhishobhi Novosibirsk, kanye naye waya eSiberia Blasius uyise. Kamuva, wamangalelwa ukuba akhonze Cathedral Tobolsk St Basil sika.

umdala sezindela Kugcine

Lapho, ngo-1991, Metropolitan Kliment zika Kaluga futhi Borovsk wabusisa Blaise Pafnutyevo ukuvikelwa yesigodlo, kwaba abantu abaningi ukuba babe khona. Bonke ayedinga usizo olungokomoya. Ngo-1998 washiya uyise Vlasiy Borovskoy sezindela futhi aya eNtabeni Athos. Lapho, phakathi izindela ayephila iminyaka emihlanu. Waphinde wabuyela Pafnutiev sezindela, lapho namanje namuhla. Umhlangano no-uyise ufuna vlasov izinkulungwane zabakhulekeli kusuka emhlabeni wonke. Abanye bavela exhegwini ukuqeda izifo ezingelapheki, abanye - ukuthola iseluleko esisebenzayo sokulungiswa kwezinto ezithinta ezibalulekile zezwe. Abaningi bathola abasisekelayo lapho ubuso bakhe. Ukuze asibonisa ngamunye Vlas baphendula stroke elula.

amayunithi yesimanje

Eduze ezindongeni Isigodlo, epaki zikaphayini, etholakala epulazini egqumeni. Kuyinto ipulazi ephelele, eye amakota abasebenzi, senohranilische, farmyard ne izinkomo, amahhashi, izingulube, izinkukhu izindlu, amasimu echibini ophilayo.

Esitezi we Refectory ka wezindela itholakala prosfornya, kanye ebhikawozi. Ngo kubo ngoba izidingo izindela nezihambi wenza isinkwa, amakhukhi, Muffin, ophaya. I omningi walo msebenzi kwenziwa ngesandla. Ubuchwepheshe inhlama futhi liyobuyiselwa lwalungabola ngaphandle kufakwa imbiliso, elalisetshenziswa ezinsukwini zakudala.