2 Ludwig of eBavaria: Biography nesithombe

Ludwig II Bavaria wabusa 1864-1886 GG. Phakathi nale nkathi, umbuso waba ingxenye obumbene Empire German. Umbusi sithakazelo esitheni ezindabeni zezombusazwe, kodwa isikhathi esiningi yayizimisele art kanye nokwakhiwa enqabeni. Eminyakeni yamuva, waba reclusive futhi ekugcineni kwathiwa udidekile ngokomqondo futhi balahlekelwa amandla. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokulahlekelwa isihloko sakhe Ludwig waminza ngaphansi kwezimo eliyimfihlakalo echibini.

ebuntwaneni

Agasti 25, 1845 yazalwa eyiNkosi eyayizobusa esikhathini esizayo of eBavaria 2 Ludwig. Abazali ebuntwaneni umfana eyayigujwa Munich. Uyise wayengumGreki Umqhele Prince Maximilian ka Wittelsbach lwamakhosi, kamuva owaba inkosi Maximilian II. Mother Mary indodakazi enkulu uFrederic le nkosi Prussian Frederick William II.

Ngo-1848, uchungechunge linemibhikisho okwenzeka kulo lonke elaseJalimane. Umkhulu ingane Ludwig kwadingeka ngenze ezivuna futhi izinikele. Amandla Ifa wadlulela Maximilian, indodana yakhe yaba isikhulu umqhele. Umfana wayiswa esekusithekeni castle Hohenschwangau, lapho akhulela khona. Wenzenjani ukuchitha olandelayo 2 Ludwig of eBavaria? ebuntwaneni nkosi yayenza phakathi izincwadi kanye nomculo. Waba nesithakazelo ubuciko, ikakhulukazi opera. Wayeyindoda zokunambitha elicwengisiswe ezingase kuphela khona ekhulwini XIX, lapho isiko German wazibonela zezimbali zayo egqamile.

Ngiseyingane, le nkosi kwakungenxa ovulekile ubuciko imfundo. 8 amahora ngosuku, wafundiswa Latin, isiGreki isiFulentshi, kanye nezincwadi kanye nomlando. I last izinto ezimbili babenesithakazelo ikakhulukazi ingane, wabanikela ukunakwa kakhulu. Indlalifa ukufunda okuningi futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke walithanda zinganekwane ephakathi izincwadi French. inkumbulo Good wamenza omunye amadoda erudite isikhathi sakhe esiningi. Umqhele Prince ngiyayithanda imvelo Bavaria bomdabu. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-12 Wazenza ukushaywa yakhe yokuqala enkulu ezintabeni. Lezi uhambo lomkhumbi wodwa kanjani yaba nethonya elikhulu ku-ubuntu bakhe.

art abavikela

Ngo-1864, wafa Maximilian II. Iziphathimandla ukuthatha Ludwig 2nd oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala of eBavaria. Ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi okwenzeka ngokushesha nje ngemva kuqhutshwa inkonzo yomngcwabo ngesikhathi ukufa kukayise. Umbusi osemusha wayezimisele sithakazelo esitheni nezindaba zomphakathi, inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye nozungu. Iminyaka 18, wamane akazange nanesikhathi ukuthola isihlalo sobukhosi. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni nezindaba zomphakathi Ludwig ngokushesha wazinikela ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko Bavarian.

Inkosi wajwayelana nge Richard Wagner wamnika ukwesekwa okukhulu ngokwezimali. Umqambi, ethola uxhaso ezinkulu e-Treasury, useke wabhekana nenkathi yalo enkulu yomsebenzi zokudala. Kudlalwé opera yakhe "Das Rheingold," "Die Walküre", "Tristan futhi Isolde" futhi "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg" senzeka ngesikhathi Munich National Theatre, okuyinto ngempela isipho beNkosi ngokwayo. Izindleko eziphezulu zokuthola izidingo nokugcina Ludwig Wagner benza isikhathi eside engathandwa kakhulu phakathi izakhamuzi. Ngo-1865 le nkosi kwakumelwe bahlangabezane umphakathi nokuthumela umqambi angaphezu eBavaria. Nokho, lokhu ayiwathiyi ukuze silondoloze ubungane.

Lapho Ludwig wathola amandla, kwathi akayena isilungele nendima yayo entsha. Uye akabonakalanga umeluleki owayenganikela ukuyichazela indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga zomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, le nkosi ukuba nemibono yabo mayelana okuhle nokubi ezweni lakhe. Isithombe yenkosi Ludwig ahlanganisiwe ngemifanekiso heroes ephakathi, Knights izinhlamvu amadrama Schiller. Konke lokhu ushiya izibazi imvelo besemaphusheni futhi izwele.

ally Austria

Ngo-1866 impi entsha Kwagqashuka eJalimane. Izwe yakhiwa imibuso eminingi principalities, lahlukaniswa laba amakamu amabili ezingahlangani. Ngaleyo minyaka, ukunquma ngalokho isimo uyokhulekela lonke Germany. Nabaphikisi main kule mpi babe Prussia nase-Austria.

Ludwig II wanquma ukuthatha ohlangothini Empire Habsburg. Yena ezindabeni zezempi wayengalokothi nesithakazelo futhi ngenxa yalokho igunya kwezokuphatha yebutho ukuba izikhonzi zayo eziningi nabeluleki, waya eSwitzerland. Prussia ukunqoba kwakuthatha izinyanga ezintathu kuphela. Ngokusho izimo ezilulazayo we thula vumelwane Bayern Berlin kwadingeka ukuba zikhokhe imali yokulungisa umonakalo omkhulu futhi sidlule ekhatsi Bad zikhipha futhi Gersefeld.

lomshado Kukhanseliwe

Ngemva kwempi elahlekile Prussia King kuphela esasichithwa babuka lelo zwe, sihambela indawo yayo enyakatho. Ngokushesha engasenandaba ezombusazwe futhi waqala ukuhola isimo ngokusebenzisa izikhulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, le nkosi baba into ukugxeka okwandile ngenxa ukunqikaza sokushada nokuba abe nendlalifa.

Kungani engazethembi ngakho Ludwig 2nd of eBavaria? Abazali e iminyaka yobusha bakhe bezama ukuhlela ukuzibandakanya, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ekugcineni ngo-1867, lo mbusi yamemezela Poi ukuthi maduze washada umzala wakhe UZandile. Umshado ngakho izihlobo ungase uvalwe ngengozi yokulawulwa yiSonto LamaKatolika, kodwa upapa, ngokuphambene nalokho abakulindele inikezwe imvume yayo for the wedding.

Yaqala Amalungiselelo imikhosi. Ngokwe-Umqeqeshi uhulumeni ukuze sverhdorogih isisunguliwe futhi isithombe Queen Sofia ubonakele on izitembu zokuposa. Kodwa ngomzuzu wokugcina ukuthi ukhansele lomshado 2 Ludwig of eBavaria. Izithombe ezisuka imikhosi kuyisikhathi eside elindelwe ungazange uvele emaphephandabeni futhi le nkosi kuze kube sekupheleni ezahlala impohlo.

Bavaria - ingxenye Empire German

Ngo-1870, iNkosi yasePrussia yamemezela ukudalwa wonke uMbuso German. Bayern weza emva Ludwig wathonyelwa Otto von Bismarck. Undunankulu wathembisa le nkosi enkulu imali izinzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eBavaria ithumele kosizo Prussia abayizinkulungwane 55 phakathi neMpi Franco-Prussian, ngemva kwalokho lo mbuso yadalwa.

Ludwig wayazi ukuthi uma ukungathathi hlangothi izwe lakhe ngeke, esikhathini esizayo kuzobiza ukuzimela kwakhe. Prussia Kunoma yikuphi, laba umbuso omkhulu kunayo German futhi ngokushesha noma kamuva kwakuyoba ukuzikisa nomakhelwane bayo. Ukuze Bismarck ukwesekwa Bavarian wawubalulekile, ngoba kuphela umbimbi Munich babengakhetha ukushweleza zezombusazwe nobudlova Berlin.

Ludwig waba nabangane abaningi e Vienna, kodwa ekugcineni wanquma ukuya ngemva inqubomgomo Berlin. Wakwazi bavumelane Bismarck izimo ezivuna Munich. Kuyinto ngenxa Ludwig umbuso azigcina eside ukuzimela zezombusazwe futhi has iminyaka eminingi waba ingxenye ezimele kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Ngisho nanamuhla labantu kule ndawo othambekele uyazicabangela ngokwayo hhayi kuphela amaJalimane, kodwa ngokuyinhloko abomdabu bomdabu eBavaria. Januwari 18, 1871 ku Palace SaseVersailles, endaweni Paris umatasa, le Prussian Korol Vilgelm yagcotshwa uMbusi. Ludwig wayengekho emcimbini.

King-builder

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, Ludwig usuqalise ukwakhiwa inqwaba nezigodlo. Bonke zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso zokuhlala le nkosi sika. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke zazo (Neuschwanstein Castle) yayakhiwe ngo-1884. Izinto ngoba kwalethwa esuka kulo lonke elaseJalimane. 2 Ludwig of eBavaria, ogama sivala yayakhiwa amaphrojekthi ngamanye, wanquma ngoba umhlobiso yokuhlala usebenzisa izithombe liphefumulelwe izigcawu kusukela opera Richard Wagner. Monarch nalabaya imidwebo umqambi futhi imibono amakamelo.

Esikhathini eside kamuva, Neuschwanstein isibe isikhungo ezokuvakasha. Namuhla, Bayern uthola inzuzo enkulu by ekuheheni izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke abafuna vakashela le ndawo amazing. Ngisho uPyotr Tchaikovsky umxhwele umoya futhi ubuhle enqabeni. Bona waphefumulela umqambi ukuze bakhiphe ballet "Swan Lake". Ngokwesiko yesimanje ethandwa Neuschwanstein Waziwa kakhulu yokuthi isakhiwo yayo iye ziphindaphindwe at Disneyland. Ilogo abadumile studio, ekupholiseni opopayi, sihlanganisa ngalé kwezindaba castle. Futhi ezinye yokuhlala ethandwa, okuyinto uyakhile 2 Ludwig of eBavaria. ukuphila Siqu King unesizungu, ngakho wakha inqaba ngemuva castle (Linderhof, House Schachen, Herrenchiemsee), lapho ayecashe kwabanye. Namuhla, kuzo zonke lezi zindawo kukhona izikhungo izivakashi. Kukhona awukwazi uvakashele kuphela iyiphi amahholo yasebukhosini, kodwa futhi ukuthenga ibheji isikhumbuzo, indondo 2 Ludwig of eBavaria kanye nezinye izinto kumemori.

Ukuvalwa kwe-nkosi

Eminyakeni yamuva, impilo Ludwig 2nd of eBavaria waqala ahole indlela yokuphila reclusive. Wabe esethatha umhlalaphansi ukuba Neuschwanstein - castle yakhe edume kunazo zonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, izikhonzi nezinye ababusi yezwe, ukuze bathole isignesha le nkosi e-imibhalo kwadingeka ukuya enkosini kude ezintabeni. Yiqiniso, abaningi bebengeneme lezi oda amasha.

Behlukene 2 Ludwig of eBavaria cut futhi abaningi nabo abo siqu. Abangane baqala ukuthutha kude ke. Inkosi yokugcina waba umngane oseduze umzala wakhe futhi iNdlovukazi Elizabeth wase-Austria. Yena, njengawo umfowabo, wayebhekene kwenqatshwa lakubo futhi waphila bathinteka abanye, ngezikhathi ngokuvakashela Ukuvakashela Bavaria lwakubo. Ludwig wahlala ebusuku futhi belala kuphela emini. Ngenxa yalokhu umkhuba, yena waziwa ngokuthi "inyanga inkosi."

Isikhathi sokugcina le nkosi ngokusemthethweni uvele umphakathi ngo-1876. Uma elapho, wayeya kuvulwa Bayrotskogo umkhosi omusha ihlelwe uRichard Wagner. Kamuva Ludwig 2nd of eBavaria naqala kunalokho edidayo. Waqala sengqondo esingafanele esichitha kubhizinisi, yingakho yengcebo wawungenalutho, futhi izikweletu zalo ziye laqhubeka landa. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali inkosi okwesikhashana ukwakhiwa izingidi yayo entsha.

Amahlebezi mayelana isifo

iphutha elibi futhi ebulalayo Ludwig kwaba isinqumo sakhe wathatha isinyathelo sokusuka kulesi ezimbili zokugcina omethembayo eduze - onobhala Schneider oluyimfihlo Tsinglera. Monarch waqala ukuze uthumele imiyalo yabo ngokusebenzisa valets, hhayi zibhalwe futhi ngamazwi ukuthi waba evundile okungamila ukunyundela, aphi nokuthi inkosi yenza isihlalo ukubhuka imvelo esizayo.

The eside inkosi wahlala isikhathi sokuhlala kwakhe, a ezisondelene, kuba ilapho zithola okwengeziwe zonke izinhlobo zamahlebezi ngesifo sakhe sengqondo. Mhlawumbe Ludwig 2nd of eBavaria baziphathe ngendlela ephambene neyemvelo ngenxa yomthelela emzimbeni izidakamizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, wasebenzisa chloroform ukuthulisa toothaches njalo.

izinkinga ezingokwengqondo babe namalungu amaningana Wittelsbach lwamakhosi cishe omkhulu sitholwa njengefa. umzalwane Ludwig eyamlandela esikhundleni sakhe Otto Kwadingeka nezimpawu ezifanayo, yingakho phakathi izinqumo nokubusa kwakhe kweminyaka babe regents. Okufanayo ngezindlela eziningi ukuhlola amahemuhemu mayelana ubuhlanya Neuschwanstein umnikazi. Cousin Elizabeth wacabanga Ludwig indoda ome njengeqanda owayehlala iphupho emhlabeni wakhe siqu. Nokho, esangulukile Empress Akungabazeki.

Kushayisana uhulumeni

Ungqongqoshe wayengakholelwa kulokho. 2 Korol Lyudvig of eBavaria baba ngabo inkinga engathí sina. Ngenxa aloofness isimiso sakhe isimo phansi yayo phezulu sasishwabene. Ngo-June 1886 kwathiwa obize wumkhandlu lodokotela. Ochwepheshe limenyezelwe nkosi uhlanya. Kulokhu ayesebenzisa kuphela ngomlomo wofakazi, kodwa akazange ukuhlola isiguli.

Kodwa udokotela siqu Ludwig Franz Karl Gershter abenqaba ukusayina leso iphepha futhi bakubone bathi usangene. Ngo-1886, ngemva kokufa le nkosi, wanyathelisa incwadi ka Umlando, okuyinto ebekela isinqumo ikhomishana, ukugula kwengqondo. Ngenxa salolu shicilelo Gershteru wakhuthazelela ukushushiswa iziphathimandla, futhi ngenxa yalokho, wathuthela Leipzig.

Juni 9 uhulumeni ngokusemthethweni bancishwa Ludwig umthamo. Ngokusho imithetho Kulezo zimo, isihlalo sobukhosi sasinovulanda ukuya Regent. Ebusuku, ikhomishana isimo bafike endaweni Neuschwanstein, owawungumnyaka 2 Ludwig of eBavaria. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe akazange ashiye enqabeni. IKhomishana babethunyelwe nkosi ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa. Nokho, lokuhlala amalungu ayo akuvunyelwe. Kwakudingeka aye emuva Munich.

bokuhlukaniswa amandla

King, eqaphela ingozi simo, sanquma ukulwa ngezikhonzi nge abezindaba. Wabhala nencwadi evulekile ethunyelwe idluliselwe kuzo zonke iphephandaba wedolobha. Bonke ngothi lwabo, ngaphandle koyedwa, abangu abamba endleleni. Isikhalazo eshicilelwe iphepha elilodwa kuphela, kodwa ngosuku olwandulela ukuphrinta endlini ukukhululwa izinombolo kokuvalelwa futhi isuswe inombolo. Uhulumeni kufanele ucabangele kusengaphambili indlela uyonquma abasekeli ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Ngaphezu amaphephandaba 2 Korol Lyudvig of eBavaria wabhala enye osopolitiki German. yocingo kwafinyelela kuphela uNdunankulu Bismarck. Weluleka lo nkosi ukuya eMunich ukukhuluma kubantu, isitatimende sezinguquko ezikhonzayo. Ludwig akazange abe nesikhathi ukuba ngisilandele lesi seluleko.

Usuku bafike endaweni Neuschwanstein ikhomishana entsha. Lesi sikhathi odokotela bakwazi ukuthola ekamu. Wabasiza zingene footman owanikeza King. Ludwig yamemezela ukwelashwa ephoqelelwe umtholampilo zengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusho okhulumela uhulumeni ufunde incwadi izimangalo ezikhonzayo ezithile. Bathi le nkosi ngokusebenzisa kabi kwezimali (ngokuyinhloko imali waya ukwakhiwa izinqaba), okungezona iqhaza empilweni Bavaria nobudlelwano kobungqingili. Ludwig wayengashadile, cha fanele ntwana, kodwa wayezele eziningi izintandokazi (isib, umlingisi Yozef Kaynts e Vienna).

ukufa

Empeleni Kuboshwe Ludwig wathunyelwa enqabeni Berg, esisogwini lweLake Starnberg. Juni 13, 1886, ephelezelwa isazi sezifo zengqondo Bernhard von Gudden wahamba okwesikhathi epaki. Kwakunabamemezeli orderlies ezimbili, kodwa lo profesa wawabuyisela emuva enqabeni. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, akekho wabona ngemuva Gudden futhi inkosi wagudluzwa uyaphila. Lapho ukusesha ngemva kwamahora ambalwa babuyela Berg, le Usigaxamabhande waqala ukufuna kwabo.

Ngokushesha, Lake Starnberg, izindikimba ezimbili atholakele - kwaba lo profesa 2 Ludwig of eBavaria. Biography yenkosi ibilokhu ixubene, nesokuphela kwalesi ukugula kwengqondo yakhe kuye kwaholela uhulumeni ukuphakamisa ukuthi inkosi yatshela wazibulala. Ingemuva Gudden naye eminza naye, uzama ukulondoloza isiguli yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Le nguqulo yaba olusemthethweni. Odokotela, eziye sabona Wittelsbach yakamuva, kusho ukuthi wabonisa zimpawu uhlanya futhi enza ngendlela efanelekayo. Umphakathi isibe inguqulo evamile yokubiza leli konke okwenzeka kwaba ukubulala zezombusazwe. Uhulumeni ngaleyo ndlela ngiyilahle le nkosi esiyinkinga. Akekho zalezi zinkolelo-mbono kungekho ubufakazi obuqinile, ngakho imfihlakalo imizuzu lokugcina lokuphila Ludwig uhlala ezingaxazululeki namuhla.

Inkosi wangcwatshwa e Munich, i-Church of St Michael. Esikhundleni sakhe kwaba ungumfowabo omncane Otto I.