German U-izikebhe kweMpi Yezwe II: izithombe Ukucaciswa

Umphumela wanoma isiphi impi kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, phakathi lapho okumqoka Yiqiniso, izikhali. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokuphelele zonke ngwenya German kweMpi Yezwe II angako kakhulu, ngoba mathupha u-Adolf Hitler kubhekwe isikhali wawo obaluleke kakhulu. futhi abayinakanga eside ekuthuthukiseni le mboni, akakwazanga umonakalo, okwakuyoholela babe kwaba nethonya eliphawulekayo phakathi nempi. Kungani kwenzekile? Ubani imi sombuso ibutho kwamanzi? Ake aba khona ngempela ngwenya German kweMpi Yezwe II esinganqobeki ngakho? Kungani kunokungqubuzana okunjalo phambili-amaNazi abakwazanga ukunqoba iRed Army? Impendulo yale mibuzo kanye neminye ingatholakala isibuyekezo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ithathwe ndawonye, yonke imishini, emi izingalo -Third Reich ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, wabizwa ngokuthi "Kriegsmarine" futhi ngwenya zaba ingxenye enkulu arsenal. Ngo igatsha ehlukile imishini ukuntweza wadluliswa Nov 1, 1934, futhi yahlakazeka ngoxhaxha kwaba kakade kokuba impi isiphelile, okungukuthi. E. Njengoba khona okungenani iminyaka eyishumi. Esikhathini ezifana esifushane German U-izikebhe kweMpi Yezwe II ilethe ukwesaba imiphefumulo yezitha zabo, kusale lokungcolisa omkhulu emakhasini onegazi umlando sokubusa kwamaNazi. Izinkulungwane efile, amakhulu emikhumbi lushone, konke kusala unembeza abasindile lwamaNazi futhi abangaphansi.

UMbusi we Kriegsmarine

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, oshayelayo we Kriegsmarine kuye kwaba esinye sezikhathi amaNazi edume kunazo - Karl Doenitz. ngwenya German phakathi neMpi Yezwe II wadlala Yiqiniso, kubalulekile, kodwa lokhu ngabe akwenzekanga ngaphandle lo muntu. Wayelethwa ayehileleke ukudalwa izinhlelo ukuhlasela izitha, begodu bazibandakanya ukuhlaselwa nangemikhumbi eminingi, futhi esenze intuthuko kule endleleni, okuyiwona yena yanikezelwa BAWELA Knight sika futhi Oak ishiya - omunye imiklomelo ezibaluleke kakhulu iJalimane lamaNazi. Doenitz khona Admirer uHitler ukuba angene esikhundleni sakhe kwaba ukuthi ubuhlungu okuningi ngesikhathi eNuremberg ukulingwa, ngoba ngemva kokufa sokudumisa sika, sasibhekwa induna Third Reich.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi uKarl Doenitz esasiphethe isimo ibutho kwamanzi. ngwenya German phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, isithombe eyabonakala amandla abo, ine imingcele umxhwele.

Ngokuvamile, le Kriegsmarine ukuthi behlome ngemibese 21 izinhlobo ngwenya. Babefanele izici ezilandelayo:

• Lokufuduka: 275 2 710 amathani;
• isivinini ebusweni: kusukela 9.7 kumayunithi 19.2;
• isivinini kwamanzi: kusuka 6.9 kuya 17.2;
• ukujula: kusuka ngamamitha 150 kuya 280.

Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi German U-izikebhe kweMpi Yezwe II kwakungafanele enamandla kuphela, babephakathi izikhali lamazwe enamandla kakhulu esalwa eJalimane.

Ukwakheka Kriegsmarine

Ukuze lempi imikhumbi izikebhe Germany 1154 ngwenya. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uSepthemba 1939 ngwenya kwaba izicucu 57 kuphela, okunye ziye ngokukhethekile eyakhelwe impi. Ezinye zazo bathunjwa. Ngakho, lapho ayemahlanu Dutch 4 isiNtaliyane, isi-Norwegian 2 futhi omunye English ngwenya French. Bonke nazo behlome Third Reich.

Navy Izimpumelelo

Kriegsmarine kulo lonke impi inflicted eziningi ukulimala abaphikisi bakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, induna ephumelela kunazo Otto Kretschmer yacwila cishe amahlanu imikhumbi isitha. Ingabe ompetha balo kanye naphakathi imikhumbi. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhumbi-ngwenya i-German U-48 yacwila isitsha 52.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, amabutho aseJalimane asolwandle bakwazi ukuchitha abachithi 63, 9 Cruisers, abathwali izindiza ngisho 7 2 yempi. Ukunqoba ngobukhulu futhi enhle kakhulu ngoba ibutho lamaJalimane phakathi kwabo kubhekwe izikhukhula yempi "Royal Oak", ogama nezisebenzi lalinabashumayeli izinkulungwane zabantu, futhi ukufuduka salo amathani 31.200.

uhlelo Z

Njengoba Hitler kubhekwe imikhumbi yakhe kubaluleke kakhulu ukunqoba yaseJalimane phezu kwamanye amazwe futhi uyazwelana nayo imizwa emihle kuphela, wamnika kakhulu ukunakwa, futhi asigcini uxhaso. Ngo-1939, ohlelweni ukuthuthukiswa ukuze Kriegsmarine yasungulwa eminyakeni engu-10 ezayo, okuyinto, ngenhlanhla, akazange ukuphatha ibe ngokoqobo. Ngokwalolu hlelo, kufanele sekwakhiwe ambalwa enamandla kakhulu yempi, Cruisers nemikhumbi-ngwenya.

Inamandla German U-izikebhe kweMpi Yezwe II

Izithombe ezinye lokusinda German ngwenya ubuchwepheshe ukunikeza umqondo wokuthi amandla we Navy ka-Third Reich, kodwa wavuma kuphela ibonise ukuthi oluqinile lesi sixuku. Iningi lasolwandle German kwadingeka ngwenya uthayiphe VII ka, ababenakho seaworthiness elilungile, kwadingeka usayizi kusho futhi okubaluleke, ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakunzima iphansana, okuyinto ebalulekile ngesikhathi sempi.

Abakwazi kufike amamitha angu-320 ukujula nge ukuhamba izimpahla ezingamathani angu-769, leli qembu kusukela abasebenzi 42 kuya ku-52. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi "Eziyisikhombisa" zazikhona pretty eliphezulu izikebhe, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izwe isitha eJalimane ngcono izikhali zayo, ngakho amaJalimane sasinezimiso ukusebenza sesimanje ngenzalo yabo. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhumbi wabonakala ezimbalwa ezenezelwe. Ethandwa kakhulu zalezi kwaba VIIC oyisibonelo, hhayi kuphela baba samuntu German amandla empini ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa Atlantic, kodwa ngakhula kahle okungaphezu inguqulo yangaphambilini. Ubukhulu Umxhwele ukuvumela ukufaka namandla kakhulu diesel, futhi ukuguqulwa okwalandela kuyinto housings ezahlukene kanye eziqine kakhudlwana evumela ujule.

German U-izikebhe kweMpi Yezwe II abangu ngaphansi njalo, njengoba sasithi namuhla, ukuze kuthuthukiswe. Omunye onobuhle innovative kakhulu ubhekwa uhlobo xxi. Lokhu ngwenya sidalwe uhlelo air conditioning ne imishini eyengeziwe esiye lakhelwe eside ukuhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ithimba. Sekukonke 118 izikebhe yalolu hlobo ezakhiwa.

Imiphumela ukusebenza Kriegsmarine

ngwenya German kweMpi Yezwe II, isithombe okuvame ingatholakala izincwadi ku nezempi, uye waba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqala sokubusa kwamaNazi. Anamandla ayikwazi phansi, kodwa kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi ngisho ne isivikelo esinjalo kusukela olunegazi iningi sokudumisa emlandweni wezwe lasolwandle German futhi engakwazi ukusingenisa amandla akhe ukuze anqobe. Mhlawumbe, akwanele kunemishini ekahle yokukhulisa nempi enamandla, ukunqoba eJalimane azange abe okwanele Wit nesibindi owawunesihloko amaqhawe anesibindi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amaNazi babe womele igazi kakhulu futhi isendleleni kwenyanya kancane, kodwa cha lamula them ngaphakathi noma ibutho emangalisayo wahlomisa, noma ukuntuleka izimiso. izimoto Armored, inqwaba izinhlamvu kanye nokuthuthukiswa yakamuva akangayiletha Third Reich imiphumela elindelekile.