Imikhumbi-ngwenya Second neMpi Yezwe: isithombe. Imikhumbi-ngwenya we iSoviet Union neJalimane, iMpi Yezwe II

Submarine imikhumbi baba ingxenye Navy yamazwe ahlukene kakade ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi emkhakheni ngwenya wayeseke waphila iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba kuqale yayo, kodwa kuphela ngemva kuka-1914 yaqedwa izimfuneko imikhumbi ukuphathwa ukusebenza izici ngwenya. Isimo main lapho babekwazi usebenze, kwakufanele ethule cwaka. Imikhumbi-ngwenya kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-isakhiwo nemigomo yeNhlangano isinyathelo kwahluka kancane kusuka ababengaphambi kwabo phakathi namashumi eminyaka angemva odlule. Umehluko kwesakhiwo ngokuvamile sasihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe kanti ezinye yasungulwa 20s kanye 30s amayunithi futhi lokubolekwa, ekuthuthukiseni navigability izici nangamandla.

ngwenya German ngaphambi kwempi

Imigomo iSivumelwano SaseVersailles akazange avumele eJalimane ukwakha izinhlobo eziningi imikhumbi ukwakha lasolwandle agcwele. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka pre-impi, indiva ebekwa amazwe ngo-1918 Allied komkhawulo, ngisemsebenzini German nokho mhla nanhlanu ekilasini ocean ngwenya (U-25, u-26, u-37, u-64, njll). ukufuduka zabo phezu kwaba amathani angaba ngu-700. ngwenya ezincane (amathani angu-500) e inani izingcezu 24. (Izinombolo U-44) plus amayunithi 32 ukugudla-ugu ibanga zazifana futhi sakhiwe obusekela Krigsmarine ukufuduka amandla. Bonke babethenga ahlomile umnsalo amathuluzi kanye torpedo amashubhu (ngokuvamile 4 umnsalo nengemuva 2).

Ngakho, naphezu izinyathelo eziningi eqine ngokungadingekile, ngo-1939, behlome Navy-German Yayinesikhwanyana ngwenya ngempela zanamuhla. IMpi Yezwe II ngokushesha ngemva buqala luye lwabonisa ngempumelelo eliphezulu yalesi ekilasini kwezikhali.

Imizamo ku Britain

Britain wathatha igalelo lokuqala kaHitler wempi. Okuxakayo ukuthi, naphezu Umkhuzi umbuso kakhulu kuyancomeka izingozi ezibangelwa le yempi isiJalimane Cruisers. Ngo isipiliyoni owedlule emikhulu ingxabano, babecabanga ukuthi Ukusabalala ngwenya ngeke esaba isiqeshana kuqhathaniswa emincane ugu, kanye ukuthola kwabo ngeke kakhulu yenkinga.

Nokho, kwaba sobala ukuthi German U-izikebhe kweMpi Yezwe II kungaba isikhali esiyingozi nakakhulu kunomuzi imikhumbi ebusweni. Imizamo ukusungula imikhumbi yayivimbile of ogwini olusenyakatho kuhlulekile. Ngosuku lokuqala umkhumbi impi "Athenia" walaliswa torpedoed futhi yacwila the othwala izindiza "Koreydzhes" Septhemba 17, indiza lapho British wayethemba ukusebenzisa njengoba izindlela eziphumelelayo ASW. Sokuvimba "Impisi amaphakethe" Admiral Lusifa akakwazanga ukuphatha, benzé ngaphezulu ngesibindi. Okthoba 14, 1939-ngwenya U-47 wangena amanzi Royal Navy base at Scapa Flow, kusuke isikhundla ebusweni torpedoed yempi ezigxilile "Royal Oak". Inkantolo wafa nsuku zonke.

Lucifer inkemba nesihlangu Britain

Ngu-1940, amaJalimane bavunyelwa ukuya phansi Imikhumbi yamaNgisi nge tonnage ingqikithi amathani abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Kwakubonakala sengathi Britain is ngenakugwemeka nenhlekelele. Isithakazelo mlando zemihla ngilandisa indima eyadlalwa ngwenya kweMpi Yezwe II. Le filimu "Impi Atlantic" utshela indaba umzabalazo ukulawula mabutho olwandle emikhulu, lapho waqhubeka kokunikeza emazweni alwayo. Yilwa "nezimpisi" Lusifa kwakungelula, kodwa zonke msebenzi oyinselele isinqumo kubabangele, futhi butholakala ngalesi sikhathi. Izimpumelelo emkhakheni radar ngeke bona zibukeke hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi iqanda ukubonakala, futhi ibanga, ngwenya-German.

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kwase akukafiki isigaba salo isiqongo, kwaba ngo-April 1941, kodwa Ngishoné yi ngwenya U-110. Wayengumngane owasinda zokugcina ngalabo Hitler waqala ukulwa.

Uyini snorkel?

Kusukela kakhulu ukuqala ngwenya Abaklami kuxoxa ngazo embodiments ezihlukahlukene amandla nikeza isitshalo amandla. Imikhumbi-ngwenya kweMpi Yezwe II, eliqhutshwa i motor ngogesi, futhi phezu kobuso - injini diesel. Inkinga eyinhloko ekuvimbela kulondolozwe ekusithekeni, kwaba nesidingo ukuvundulula ngezikhathi ashona amabhethri. Kwakuphakathi ophoqelelwe ngwenya ahlale obala kusengozini, babekwazi ukubona izindiza kanye radars. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi, it owasungula le snorkel okuthiwa. Kuyinto extendable ipayipi uhlelo lapho egunjini udizili ingena emoyeni asemkhathini adingekayo omlilo of amafutha kanye kususa amagesi qeda.

Isicelo snorkel ngwenya wasiza zokunciphisa ukulahleka, kodwa ngaphezu babe radars kanye nezinye izindlela ukuthola, ezifana sonar.

Ukuqamba ishiywe ingagadiwe

Naphezu kokuba sobala, ifakwe snorkel kuphela German U-izikebhe kweMpi Yezwe II. ISoviet Union nakwamanye amazwe baye bashiya ke okusungulile zingagadiwe, nakuba izimo kwemali kwakwenzeka. Kukholakala ukuthi bemikhumbi lokuqala Dutch wasebenzisa snorkel, kodwa siyazi futhi ukuthi ngo-1925 amadivayisi efanayo elaklanywa Italian unjiniyela lempi Ferretti, kodwa ke lo mbono yashiywa dengwane. Ngo-1940, i-Netherlands wahlaselwa eJalimane lobuNazi, kodwa ngwenya yayo imikhumbi (amayunithi 4) Kwadingeka ukuba ngihambe kulesi UK. Nalapho futhi, ebesingakaze sibuqonde ngayo lokhu Yiqiniso, idivayisi oyifunayo. Snorkel adiliza, uwabheka kuyingozi kakhulu futhi ezingabazekayo kudivayisi Umbuso indawo.

Okunye wamavukelambuso izixazululo lobuchwepheshe ngwenya abakhi akazange ayisebenzise. Amabhethri ngcono apharathasi wayeqamba kubo, ngcono uhlelo emoyeni ukuvuselelwa, kodwa isimiso uhlala ingashintshiwe kudivayisi ngwenya.

Imikhumbi-ngwenya iMpi Yezwe II, iSoviet Union

Photo namaqhawe severomortsev Lunin, Marinesco, Starikov ephrintiwe amaphephandaba Soviet hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi angaphandle. Abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya babe heroes yangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinduna yimpumelelo kakhulu ngwenya Soviet zaba izitha siqu kwe-Adolf Hitler, nokubonwa kangcono kubo ayidingekile.

A indima enkulu ekulweni asolwandle esasivunguza ezilwandle enyakatho futhi umcengezi Black Sea, ababedlala ngwenya Soviet. Kwaqala iMpi Yezwe II ngo-1939, futhi ngo-1941, iJalimane lobuNazi behlasela i-USSR. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-imikhumbi ngwenya wethu kwezikhali lalinabashumayeli izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo:

1. PL "Decembrists". Series (ngaphandle isihloko amayunithi ezimbili - "Narodovolets futhi" The Red ") eyasungulwa ngo-1931. ukufuduka Okugcwele - amathani 980.
2. "L" uchungechunge - "Leninist." Okusalungiswa 1936 ngonyaka ukufuduka - amathani 1400, umkhumbi ehlome Tas eziyisithupha Ammo torpedoes 12 no-20 ezimayini kolwandle, izibhamu ezimbili (acinene - 100 mm kanye aklaba - 45 mm).
3. "R-XIII» Uchungechunge displacement amathani 1,200.
4. Uchungechunge "ni" ( "Pike") nge displacement amathani 580.
5. "C" uchungechunge 780 m, TA ayisithupha behlomile ngezibhamu ezimbili - 100 mm no-45 mm.
6. "K" chungechunge. Lokufuduka - 2200 t Developed 1938 godu ngwenya, ukuthuthukisa ijubane 22 ifindo (ngaphandle isikhundla) futhi ifindo 10 (isikhundla kwamanzi.). Isikebhe ekilasini ulwandle. Six torpedo ahlomile (6 TA acinene futhi okuphakelayo 4).
7. "M" uchungechunge - "Baby". Lokufuduka - kusuka m 200 250 (kuye ngokuthi ukuguqulwa). Projects ngo-1932 nango-1936, TA 2, ukuzimela - 2 amaviki.

"Baby"

Imikhumbi-ngwenya "M" uchungechunge kukhona icwecwe kakhulu U-izikebhe kweMpi Yezwe II eSoviet Union. Le filimu "AbaseSoviet Navy. Ukunqoba Chronicle "utshela indaba indlela ekhazimulayo nabasebenza eziningi sisebenzise esiyingqayizivele handling izici wale mikhumbi, kuhambisana yobukhulu bawo amancane. Ngezinye izikhathi izinduna wakwazi buthule uthole eduze kahle futhi uvikeleke base isitha futhi angatholi sijeziso woshushiso. "Baby" kungenziwa uthuthwa ujantshi iflothi e kweBlack Sea Ekude.

Belingana izinzuzo uchungechunge "M" kulindelekile, nezimo ezingezinhle, kodwa ngaphandle kwabo akukho imishini kuphelile: a ukuzimela emfushane, kuphela torpedoes ezimbili ngokungabi bikho isitokwe, enyinyekile nemibandela eyisicefe wesevisi aphathelene ezimbalwa crew. Lezi zinkinga ungazange kuvimbe abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya nobuqhawe uwine kokunqoba umxhwele ngaphezu kwesitha.

Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni ahlukahlukene,

amanani abathandwayo lapho ngwenya kweMpi Yezwe II babe enkonzweni nge navies yamazwe ahlukene ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. Kusukela ngomhla ka-1939 ngoxhaxha elikhulu ngwenya kwadingeka USSR (PC phezu 200.), Yena alandelwa ngayo esikhundleni enamandla Italian ngwenya imikhumbi (ngaphezulu eyikhulu namashumi amayunithi kuka), endaweni yesithathu kwakuhlezi France (86 nama-PC.), The wesine - UK (69), owesihlanu - Japan (65) eyesithupha - Germany (57). Ngokuhamba empini ushintshe ukulingana kwamandla, kanye nohlu cishe zikleliswe oda reverse (ngaphandle inani lemikhumbi-ngwenya elibizwa WaseSoviet). Ngaphezu ngihlaliswa amanzi shipyards yethu phakathi kwababusi Navy kweSoviet futhi ngwenya lakhiwa e-England, okuyinto eyaba yingxenye Baltic imikhumbi ngemva ukubusa e-Estonia ( "ULembit", 1935).

ngemva kwempi,

Le mpi wafa phansi, emoyeni, emanzini futhi ngaphansi kwalo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, iSoviet "Pike" futhi "Baby" waqhubeka emelela emazweni akubo, bese yayisetshenziswa sokuqeqesha amasosha asolwandle izikole lempi. Ezinye zazo ziye zaba izikhumbuzo kanye iminyuziyamu, abanye egqwalile ku amangcwaba ngwenya.

Imikhumbi-ngwenya kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule ngemva kwempi, cishe akazange iqhaza izimpi ukuthi njalo ezenzeka emhlabeni. Kwakukhona izingxabano bendawo, ngezinye izikhathi yaba impi sina, kodwa-ngwenya elibizwa ngokuthi ukungalwi nawo umsebenzi. Basuke ekubeni nezimfihlo ngaphezulu, ezihambayo buthule futhi ngokushesha, sibonga kwentuthuko wathola wesayensi yenuzi ukuzimela angenamkhawulo.