Marshal Govorov leonid Aleksandrovich: Biography, imiklomelo

Leonid Govorov kwaba omunye izinduna ovelele neMpi Yezwe II. Wayehola izimpi olubhekiswe amaJalimane ezweni lonke, futhi ngo-1944 ukhululiwe umsebenzi Karelia Finns. Ukuze kokufaneleka kwakhe eminingi Govorov wathola isihloko Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

eminyakeni yokuqala

I Marshal esizayo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Govorov leonid Aleksandrovich wazalwa Februwari 22, 1897 esifundazweni Vyatka - egumbini elikude nebhere of the Empire, Russian. Butyrka (esigodini sakubo bomdabu) kwaba abavamile idolobha yesifundazwe. ukuphila Military kuyafana izimpilo ontanga bakhe, abalukholo intsha futhi abasha e kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ukuvukelwa kwemibuso futhi civil.

Ebuntwaneni leonid Govorov aphethwe e Yelabuga, lapho uyise wasebenza wokuba umabhalane. Ngo-1916, insizwa ethile iziqu isikole lobuchwepheshe, futhi wangena ngisho nakuwo Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Nokho, ngo-December efanayo wabuthelwa ebuthweni. Kwakuwusuku kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi isimo kukhiwa ezingemuva human resources yakamuva. Ngemva Februwari Revolution, leonid Govorov wathola isihloko esisha. ULieutenant ebuthweni Russian nomhlangano ngoMfumfu 1917. Liqala ukubusa, amaBolshevik dweba thula vumelwane nge eJalimane, futhi iningi empi demobilized. ULieutenant wabuyela Yelabuga kubazali.

impi yombango

In autumn 1918, Govorov leonid Aleksandrovich bajoyine White Army. Ngalesi sikhathi, ezweni lakubo yayingaphansi kokulawula abasekeli Kolchak. Isiphathiswa waba nengxenye okuhlaselayo entwasahlobo ka Abamhlophe. Walwa eduze Ufa, eChelyabinsk e Western eSiberia. ngokushesha Kolchak waqala baleka empumalanga. Ngo-November 1919, uthi eyeke. Ngo-January, wahlanganyela 51th Infantry amaPhiko iRed Army.

Kube Govorov leonid Aleksandrovich ngihlangane nomunye esizayo Marshal - Vasiliem Blyuherom. Ngo-1919 wayala kakhulu 51 th Infantry Division, futhi ngesikhathi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu uStalin wadutshulwa. Ngaphansi Blucher Govorov wathola isiqondiso wezikhali yayo Ibutho. Ngesikhathi yokugcina qophelo kulwiwa, lesikhulu sombutho esizayo uvele Ukraine lapho uhlala zinyanga iqembu ezinkulu zokumelana emhlophe. Kwaba ibutho Wrangel. Ezimpini ngo-1920 Govorov leonid Aleksandrovich wathola amanxeba amabili - enye ngaphansi Kakhovka, ngaphezulu endaweni Antonovka.

enkathini yokuthula

Ngemva kokuphothulwa kulwiwa, leonid Govorov wafika uphile futhi usebenze e-Ukraine. Ngo-1923 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile induna wezikhali we lama-51 Infantry Division Perekopskaya. Umsebenzi wakhe kamuva ibutho iphutha ngokunikeza zokuba umuntu aqeqeshelwe amakhono. Ngo-1933 Govorov iziqu izifundo ngesikhathi Frunze Military Academy. Kodwa akuphelelanga lapho. Ukufunda ulimi German wedlula ukuhlolwa efanele, waba umhumushi lempi. Ngo-1936 umbutho wezempi wangena Academy asanda kuvulwa le-General Abasebenzi, ngaphambi nje wathola isikhundla lamabutho nomyali. Ngemva kokuphothula ukuqeqeshwa, wafundisa ngaso wezikhali Academy iqanjwe Dzerzhinsky.

Ngo-1940 impi Finland. Govorov waqokwa induna abasebenzi wezikhali ku Army 7th. Wathatha iqhaza izimpi phezu Karelian Isthmus. Umlawuli lamabutho yayilungiselela ukufohla ukuzivikela Finnish Mannerheim Line. Ngemva ukusayinwa ukuthula wayengumuntu uMajor General of wezikhali.

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ngobusuku obandulela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, leonid Govorov waqokwa inhloko yalawa wezikhali Academy yaqanjwa Dzerzhinsky, yena esanda kuphothula. Lapho nje lo okuhlaselayo German waqala, wathunyelwa ukuhola wezikhali of the Western Front. Kwadingeka asebenze nemibandela disorganization yempi, ngokungakhulumi futhi isitha blitzkrieg. Western wezikhali Front yayiphumula ukuba lo mthetho. Izinxushunxushu izinyanga lokuqala impi awavunyelwe ukuyeka amaJalimane e Belarus noma Ukraine.

Ngo-July 30, ukuze Govorov wavuma wezikhali-Reserve Front. Isikhulu uMajor-General laqala ukuhlela imisebenzi ukuzivikela ku-eksisi eyinhloko yezinkolo kusengaphambili we Wehrmacht. Nguye walungisa balwe Yelnia. Septhemba 6 umuzi wawuyigolide abakhululiwe. Nakuba lokhu impumelelo wawungowesikhashana, wavumela kudlule isikhathi. AmaJalimane banamathela endaweni Smolensk izinyanga ezimbili, ngenxa ezazingaphesheya emaphethelweni eMoscow ebusika kuphela.

Izimpi eduze eMoscow

Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, esho kwaba phezu Mozhaisk umugqa ukuzivikela, ukulungiselela ingqalasizinda yayo. 15 inani abalimala Dmitry Lelyushenko wathatha umyalo 5th Army Combined Arms. Iqhaza juqu kudlalwa ekumisweni Georgy Zhukov, ngubani uqobo ngemvume oda ehambisana. Lokhu kumiswa kwaholela olunegazi impi ukuzivikela eduze Borodino. Okthoba 18, ngenxa nabaphikisi ikhefu athi Bet eqiniseka ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi. ukulibala kungaphumela imvelo yonke impi. Siyakwamukela wanikezwa. Amasosha ahlehla.

Ngo kuka-November, Army 5th wasiphakamisa izikhundla ukuzivikela ku emaphethelweni eMoscow. Ukulwa kwaba lapha ikhilomitha ngalinye. amabutho aseSoviet kusekelwa wezikhali kanye anti-tank amayunithi Screens. Ukuhlale emaphethelweni enhloko-dolobha, i-iRed Army waqala ukulungisa esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo eduze eMoscow. Novemba 9, leonid Govorov baba uLieutenant jikelele.

I esasibucayi wafika ngo-December 1 lapho amaJalimane wafohla phambi zindawo ezazihlala ama-Army 5th. Wezikhali umkhuzi wawuqondisa ngokwakhe ukuzivikela. Isitha yakwazi ukuthuthela amakhilomitha 10 kuphela futhi ngokushesha uyekiwe. Disemba 5th ekuqaleni kweSoviet esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo eMoscow.

i-aphoyintimenti entsha

Ngo-April 1942, leonid Govorov kafushane ayeka oda ngenxa ukuhlasela okukhulu appendicitis. Ehola Army yayo 5th wema Ivan Fedyuninsky. April 25, walulama Govorov sathola isabelo esisha. Waya Leningrad front, yayalwa iqembu olubanzi amabutho aseSoviet (sasihlanganisa 55th, 42th kanye Army 23th). Ukuba endaweni entsha, uLieutenant General ngentshiseko ngokukhethekile waqala imisebenzi yakhe.

He qamba kabusha Leningrad wezikhali Corps, eklanyelwe mpi esiphikisayo ibhethri. Ngenxa yokucindezela umkhuzi ngaphambili efika futhi fresh nabasebenza entsha izindiza. On the izindlela yiLeningrad Govorov leonid Aleksandrovich (1897-1955) idale entsha ezindaweni ensimini ezinezivikelo eziqinile ezinhlanu. Baye baba yingxenye simiso imisele okuqhubekayo. Bakhandwa ibekwe nje ukuqedelwa izibhamu kanye wezikhali Battalion. Ukuze uvikeleke kangcono Leningrad phambi reserve kwamiswa. Ethi ezinqumweni zawo uholwe isipiliyoni ocebile zanqwabelana empini eduze eMoscow. Kuyinto ikakhulukazi unake ukudalwa amayunithi isithiyo, amaqembu mobile nezinye amayunithi tekusebenta.

Main wezikhali Directorate of the iRed Army waqala usinika idolobha elikhulu-osezingeni projectiles. Lokhu kwavumela ukuba baqale ukubhujiswa kwesitha lokuvimbezela amabhethri, wenze umonakalo kakhulu izakhiwo nezakhamuzi. Govorov kwadingeka ukuba kanyekanye ukuxazulula lezi zinselele ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le ndoda kwakudingeka ukuba ahlele amabutho futhi cabanga breaking nokuvinjelwa, kanye nezinye induna wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze asize nabantu abalambayo kweLeningrad.

IRed Army ezama lokususa amaJalimane kusukela eduze Leningrad kuhlulekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, uMichael Khozin (phambili umkhuzi) ukuthi bancishwa ehhovisi lakhe. Esikhundleni sakhe waqokwa leonid Govorov. Zonke ngokusebenzisa ehlobo lika-1942, walungisa iNeva iqembu tekusebenta futhi ibutho 55th ukuze Sinyavskaya okuhlaselayo. Nokho, ekwindla, kwaba sobala ukuthi Army zaseSoviet esifundeni abanawo amandla ukusula tindlelanchubo impela eLeningrad (lokhu kwaba inhloso enkulu amasu lomcimbi). Okthoba 1 Govorov wathola oda ukuhoxisa ezikhundleni zabo zokuqala. Uthe lesi sinqumo senziwa ekomkhulu le ngemva kwemithandazo nezingxoxo eziningi. Nokho, "lokulwa wendawo" baqhubeka. Ngakho imibiko bebizelwa yabadobi senzo. Abazange ukushintsha isimo phambili, kodwa kubonakale egqoka phansi isitha sabanjwa imisele ezweni lakubo. Lapho Govorovo Leningrad ihlukaniswe imikhakha. Ngamunye wabo waba khona isikaniso samabutho unomphela. amaqembu ukuba nenkani ukuthi kwakhiwa izimboni, zenziwe Battalion.

Imizamo zephule ukuvinjelwa

Artilleryman ngokuqeqesha Govorov kwaba anawo ibutho, eyayihlanganisa amatutu zonke izinhlobo kungenzeka. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbe ngokushesha bangene jika izinto. Wakwazi ngokushesha ukuhlola isimo futhi ngekhanda indawo amabutho aseSoviet German kunoma iyiphi phambi. Leonid Govorov njalo alalelisisa abangaphansi kwakhe, akazange uphazamisa kubo, nakuba, futhi ayikuthandi verbiage awunalutho. Wayeyindoda ka esiqinile self-inhlangano, futhi kufunwe efanayo kwabanye. ELeningrad endlunkulu uhlamvu enjalo ngokuthi nenhlonipho enenhlonipho. Party amakhanda (Zhdanov, Kuznetsov, futhi Shtykov t. D.) Waphatha kuye ngokumhlonipha.

Ngo-January 1943, i-Leningrad phambi washukumiseleka futhi. Januwari 18 ukuvinjelwa indandatho lwaphuka Northern dolobha. Kwenze Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ezimbili esiphikisayo ukushaqeka Volkhov (iphansi kwesandla sika-Kirilla Meretskova) naseLeningrad izimpi (elaliholwa leonid Govorov). isitha yokwenza iqembu lwaqhekeka, amabutho aseSoviet wahlangana eningizimu Lake Ladoga.

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ukufohla yokugcina ukuvinjelwa Govorov wathola isikhundla sombutho jikelele. Ehlobo lika-1943 Army 67 akuyala, wathatha iqhaza ekuqhutshweni Iziqeshana. Injongo yalo kwaba ukusungula ukulawula Kirov ujantshi eningizimu Lake Ladoga. Uma ukukhulumisana badedelwa amaJalimane, Leningrad kwakuyodingeka isiteshi onokwethenjelwa futhi elula yokuxhumana nalo lonke izwe. Kwaba ngezihluthu. amabutho aseSoviet ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinto amabutho ayikwazanga ukwenza yonke imisebenzi, futhi ekwindla Iziqeshana protrusion azizange zishintshe. Noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi usebenzela lo iRed Army kanye Wehrmacht ngaphansi nobunzima ziyanda.

Ukukhululwa Leningrad

Ekwindla ka-1943, amanani waqala amalungiselelo amasha Leningrad-Novgorod okuhlambalazayo. Novemba 17 leonid Govorov baba Jikelele weZempi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1944, amasosha ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe wafohla isivikelo emhlabeni Leningrad isitha. Ngo-January 27, amabutho aseJalimane wayesevele yikhulu ukusuka edolobheni. Nokuvinjelwa kwasuswa ngokuqondile. Ngosuku olufanayo egameni Govorov Stalin wanika ukuze ubambe iziqhumane emzini abakhululiwe.

Nokho, ngesikhathi mkhosi kwaba kancane. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho abuyela imisebenzi yakhe, leonid Govorov wahola amabutho ka-Leningrad phambi bebheke Narva. Ngo-February, iRed Army sawela umfula. By counteroffensive entwasahlobo isihambile kuze 250 amakhilomitha. It wadedelwa cishe yonke kweLeningrad, kanye ezinye Kalinin engumakhelwane.

Ulwa ne Finns

Juni 10 amabutho Front bathunyelwa enyakatho ukusebenza Vyborg-Petrozavodsk. Abaphikisi esemqoka kule isiqondiso kwaba Finland. I Headquarters wafuna ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni sizana impi oMbusi. Zezigodi waqala ukusebenza zokukhwabanisa iqhinga sekukhomba. Ngobusuku obandulela intelligence Finnish zilandelwa umthelela ukuqeqeshwa Narva esifundeni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lasolwandle Soviet wayesenze amaphutha unyakaziswa 21 Ibutho Karelian Isthmus. Ngoba isitha, leli igalelo Kwangimangaza lokho okuphelele.

Futhi, ngaphambi ukuqala Govorov ngaphambilini ukuqhuba ukuqeqeshwa wezikhali kanye uchungechunge emoyeni. Ngokuhamba Ezinsukwini eziyishumi ezalandela, amabutho Leningrad phambi wafohla obuthathu ukuzivikela esikhundleni elaliyiCzechoslovakia Mannerheim Line, okwakubekelwa kabusha ngesikhathi kubusa. Leonid Govorov iqhaza empini Soviet-IsiFinishi of 1939-1940. Wayazi esifundeni futhi ikakhulukazi ibutho isitha.

I kusengaphambili ngokushesha iRed Army kwaba yokukhululwa Vyborg Juni 20, 1944. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kwalokho, leonid Govorov baba Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Rank wamlingisa okufanela lempi. Wathatha iqhaza inhlangano eziningi imisebenzi ebalulekile: alwisane ukuhlaselwa yama-Jalimane ekuqaleni kwempi, leli thimba lalimelela iMoscow, iLeningrad, wakhulula ekugcineni balwa Finns.

Ngemva kokubuyiselwa kwamandla zaseSoviet Vyborg izimpi bayiswa Karelian Isthmus. Kwakukhona cishe lonke ibutho IsiFinnish (izinkulungwane zabantu 60). I okuhlaselayo Soviet kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga yi ezimangelengele lezi zindawo. izingozi Water, amahlathi aluhlaza, ukungabi khona kwemigwaqo - konke lokhu behlisa ijubane ukukhululwa kwe-mdweshu wezwe. Okwanda ukulahlekelwa we iRed Army. Kule ndaba, Julayi 12 Bet wayala ukuya azivikele. Ngaphezu kwalokho kusengaphambili baqhubeka Karelian phambi amabutho. Ngo-September, Finland ngesula impi futhi bajoyine oMfelandawonye '.

Ngo sekuyophela ihlobo noma ekwindla ka-1944, Marshal Govorov athuthukile imisebenzi e-Estonia wenkululeko. Ngo-October, wabuye esihlelwe imisebenzi amabutho ahlomile ngo yokukhululwa Riga. Uma idolobha elikhulu laseLatvia yaxazululeka yama-Jalimane, izinsalela amabutho Wehrmacht emazweni aseBaltic nasengxenyeni wavinjwa e Courland. Yokubuyiswa leli qembu kwavunyelwana Meyi 8, 1945.

ngemva kwempi,

Ngo sokuthula, leonid Govorov waqala ukuba luthathe aphakeme lempi tebuholi. Wayengumuntu induna Leningrad Military District noMyali we Air Defence. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, amabutho siye sabhekana kabusha abalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, steel wathola izikhali ezintsha (fighter Jets, imicibisholo anti-aircraft, radars nokunye. D.). Izwe idale isihlangu ezenzo NATO ne-US ukuhlaselwa esikhathini abasafufusa neMpi Yomshoshaphansi.

Ngo-1952, zinyanga uStalin XIX iCongress of the CPSU, leonid Govorov wakhethwa ilungu ikhandidethi leKomiti Central. Ngo-1954 waqala ukuhlanganisa iposi ka induna Air Defence kanye nePhini likaNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela we-Soviet Union. esimatasa nokucindezeleka ongemuhle impilo marshal. Leonid Govorov, wafa ngo-March 19, 1955 yisifo sohlangothi ngesikhathi eseholidini Barvikha sibhedlela.

Namuhla, behlonipha Marshal okuthiwa ezitaladini emadolobheni amakhulu ezwe elaliyi-USSR (eMoscow, eSt Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, Kirov, laseDonetsk, nokunye. D.). Qaphela ikakhulukazi ukuba ezijabulisayo ke kulendzawo yangaphambilini Leningrad futhi abakhululiwe ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa Govorov. On izakhiwo ezimbili babe zingcwecwe kanye epaki eliseduze koMfula Fontanka yaqanjwa kuye. Ngo-1999 Iziteleka endaweni kwaba lesikhumbuzo L. A. Govorovu.

udumisa

Iminyaka eminingi yempi indlela leonid Alexandrovich kwakulandelwa ezihlukahlukene izindondo iziqu zokuhlonipha. Ngo-1921, ngemva amanxeba amabili esizayo Marshal Govorov wathola i the Order of Red Banner. Wayelethwa ahlonishwe nale umklomelo isibindi isibindi ngesikhathi ukusebenza Perekop-ChONGARSKIJj lapho Wrangel ibutho ekugcineni lidlule eCrimea. Ngemva kokuphindela eSoviet-Finnish iMpi Govorov wathola i the Order of Red Star.

Ngalesiya sikhathi esinzima lweMpi Enkulu Patriotic, lapho amabutho Wehrmacht kwamiswa eduze eMoscow, ukuthi leonid Aleksandrovich wayengomunye abaholi ukuvikela inhloko-dolobha. Novemba 10, 1941, ku-bangaphambi counteroffensive, wathola i the Order of Lenin. umvuzo Landelayo bemlindile ngemva kokuhlephula nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. Govorov leonid Aleksandrovich, ogama biography kufakazelwa umlando wokuphila omunye izinduna oluvelele kweMpi Yezwe II, wathola kulomcimbi Order of Suvorov mina degree.

Wayesebenza kahle ngesandla e impumelelo eziningi iRed Army ngesikhathi ukukhululwa kuka endaweni ye-USSR kwamasosha umsebenzi Wehrmacht. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi i-January 27, 1945 Marshal Govorov leonid Aleksandrovich kwaqala Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Phakathi imiklomelo yakhe Ubuye izindondo eziningi okuyinto anikezwa inkululeko noma kuvikelwe emadolobheni amakhulu.

May 31, 1945, emasontweni ambalwa ngemva amaJalimane ecela umaluju, Govorov waklonyeliswa Order of "Wokunqoba". Phakathi naso sonke ukhona uphawu i nhlonipho ukhishwa abantu 17 kuphela, lapho, yebo, ugcizelela ukubaluleka umnikelo leonid ukuze kokunqotshwa zibulawa amaNazi ngeMpi Yezwe II. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngaphezu eSoviet, futhi wathola imiklomelo angaphandle: Order of iButho Ukuhlonishwa (France), kanye American Order: "ULegiyona Ukuhlonishwa".