Varroa izinyosi: zokuvimbela, izinqubo zokwelapha. Ukufuywa Wabasaqalayo

Varroa - esinye sezifo ezivamile futhi singathandeki lezinyosi. Wayibiza ngokuthi izimbuzane Varroa destructor. Lesi silwanyana umlawuli wekhompyutha ezinyosini, drones, kwesibeletho, izibungu futhi iziphungumangathi ngu zidla igazi labo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinambuzane buthaka futhi ekugcineni bafe.

ukubukeka ngomnikelo omncane

Parasitize izinyosi female kuphela Varroa destructor. Abesilisa kungekho izinambuzane umonakalo musa abangele. Zalisa insikazi, masinyane afe. Ngaphandle, le ngomnikelo omncane Varroa sifana crab encane (1.1 mm) abanebala elinsundu. Insikazi lesi silwanyana is ukubhoboza abancela mouthparts. Ngalo, lihlaba ikhava chitin lezinyosi bese uqalisa ncela igazi (hemolymph). Okusakazwa umkhaza zilwane ngokushesha okukhulu, ebeka amaqanda mayelana 0.5 mm ubukhulu.

Izindlela ukutheleleka

Kuze kube manje, cishe yonke apiaries imindeni abaphila ne lesi silwanyana yingozi. Ezithathelana Varroa bee can ngezindlela eziningana:

• ngokuthenga kwe imikhaya emisha emikhayeni amathuba phambilini;
• ngokusebenzisa-amasela bacimeka njengomlilo wameva;
• ngokusebenzisa izimvukazi nge nabasizi bakhe;
• ngokusebenzisa bee amaphakheji;
• ezulazulayo ngokusebenzisa izinyosi.

Kanjani isifo kuzibonakalisa

Varroatosis ingozi, phakathi kwabanye, itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kunzima ukuthola ukuthi isheshe itholakale. I olwenziwa Varroa destructor, njengoba sekushiwo, has a usayizi encane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isaziso ezidala kwenzeka ukuthi kungukuthi kakhulu banda, kunzima. Ngo izilonda ezimbi nakakhulu ukucacisa bee Varroa kungaba ukuziphatha izinambuzane ngokwabo. Mancane ngenkuthalo ukuqoqa umpe futhi ngaleyo ndlela babe nodlame kakhulu futhi ukubuyisa. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sempilo yabo.

Uma beekeeper akuthathi izinyathelo ukuqeda izinyosi kusuka izibungu isifo ingena esigabeni ezijulile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo esidlekeni uzoqala ukuvela obuthaka kakhulu Nzalo Motley. Mayelana egijima Varroa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, futhi kungase kubonise semali ugly izinyosi ezincane. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezidlekeni elinegciwane, isibonelo, akudingeki amaphiko. Olunye uphawu lokugula mfushane esiswini lezinyosi. Ngo esigabeni sokugcina Varroa engena ngonyaka 3-4th emva kokutheleleka.

imiphumela

Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele kumele kuqaliswe ngokushesha ngemva bee Varroa itholiwe. Izimpawu zalesi sifo, ngakho - ngokuyinhloko ukuziphatha ukubuyisa futhi ukuvela izinambuzane nezilwane isidleke amabi. Yimiphi imiphumela ka Varroa destructor KWAMAGUNDANE?

Umphumela lalibhekisela lesi sifo, yebo, ukuncipha okuphawulekayo umkhiqizo lezinyosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuwa umndeni lesiguli akakwazi yakha cube. Ebusika, izinyosi obuthaka itheleleke ngokuvamile bafe ngenxa yendlala. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka futhi ukuze izinambuzane wacasuka, kunalokho, ngenkuthalo ukuhlasela ukudla. Ngenxa yalokho, entwasahlobo ziyafa ngenxa yesifo sohudo.

Kanjani isifo eba

Uma esidlekeni, le ngomnikelo omncane zesifazane lingena iseli amaseli elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu. Ngemva izinyosi ngophawu, uqala ngenkuthalo ukondla. Ngesikhathi ngomnikelo omncane elifanayo izalela amaqanda eziningana ukuthi kamuva aphume ne nabesifazane abasha futhi omunye wesilisa. Cishe ngemva kwesonto eledlule ivundisa odadewabo futhi lufe. Insikazi-umsunguli kanye nezinambuzane entsha ushiye iseli emva wokuvula yayo futhi emva 4 izinsuku ukuqala ukukhiqizwa entsha amaqanda.

Inombolo enkulu ezidala ngenkathi zokuthelela Varroa ebonwe Drone Nzalo (ezikhathini 7-15 ezingaphezu kuka bee). Isikhathi sokuphila nabesifazane ehlobo imayelana 3 izinyanga, ebusika - 9.

Indlela ukunquma ukuba khona ngomnikelo omncane esidlekeni

Njengoba Varroa destructor ajwayelekile kakhulu ngokuvamile kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kuya kwezidleke zezinyosi, kodwa uphethwe ngesikhathi esifanele ukutheleleka kungaba isiqinisekiso zokuphumelela imisebenzi efana ukufuywa. Entwasahlobo ka isifuba edingekayo ukuze zihlolwe. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa a ngomnikelo omncane, zimbalwa. Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe Ukuhlola Nzalo. Kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi izinyosi ukuziphatha ngendlela evamile, futhi esidlekeni Awekho izilwane ezifile. Amaphiko izinambuzane kumelwe iphelele, enempilo. Ukuba khona yenhlwathi kungase kubonise ukutheleleka.

Ngaphezu esidlekeni, udinga ukuhlola isikhala eceleni kwakhe. Elinegciwane, waba buthaka kakhulu bee izibungu futhi iziphungumangathi kuvame baxoshwa.

Ngingakwenza kanjani ukuqeda olwenziwa yezinyosi

Varroa bee iphathwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Zonke izindlela kungenziwa zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, isinyathelo sokususa isifuba kusukela abafuyi bezinyosi olwenziwa kusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo amakhemikhali ezikhethekile. Kodwa kukhona Abasekeli imikhuba imvelo phakathi abafuyi bezinyosi. Lezi abafuyi bezinyosi aphathe Varroa ngendlela engokwemvelo. Kukhona futhi izindlela mechanical ukususa izimuncagazi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi balahle izibungu, izinyosi ngokubheja ukushisa indawana ekhethekile imizuzu engu-15 (ngo-lokushisa mayelana 47). Nokho, le ndlela kuyinto kakhulu zabasebenzi olunzulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa. Abafuyi bezinyosi futhi ngezinye izikhathi excised kusukela isifuba Drone Nzalo. Phela, liqukethe inani elikhulu izibungu.

Ukusetshenziswa amakhemikhali

Njenganoma iyiphi enye isifo lezinyosi, Varroa ngokuvamile baphathwe ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba izidakamizwa uthenge. Kusukela kwezimali ezikhethekile yaleli qembu abafuyi bezinyosi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa:

• peritroidy ( "Apifit", "Apistan", "Fumisan");
• brompropilaty ( "Folbeks");
• formaniny ( "Bipin," "Anitraz", "Taktin").

Thenga wonke la mathuluzi angaba esitolo okukhethekile "for abafuyi bezinyosi Izimpahla" noma nge-Internet. Umuthi efanayo iminyaka eminingi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ku enezidleke zezinyosi. Lokhu kuholela ukubukeka yokwanda koshintsho entsha izimbuzane ukumelana leso sikhungo ethile. Abafuyi bezinyosi abangomakad 'ebona belulekwa ukusebenzisa kwezidleke zezinyosi elandelayo lwemithi:

• Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-naphakathi no-ehlobo ukusebenzisa amakhambi emvelo.
• Ngo-August, isicelo "Fumisan" noma "Apifit".
• Ekwindla ka ukusetshenziswa "Bipin" noma "Taktin".

Ukwelashwa varroatosis entwasahlobo ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa "Apifita" (1 ipuleti 3 iseli).

Ukhiphele esidlekeni izibungu kunzima ikakhulukazi ngaphambi ubuthongo basebusika. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngalesi sikhathi izinsikazi zingene tergites izinyosi, lapho ehlala khona kuze entwasahlobo. Futhi-ke, amakhemikhali asetshenziswa nje Awunawo nomthelela kubo. Ngakho-ke, ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala ukucutshungulwa "Bipin" noma "Taktinom", kufanele usebenzise 20% tincture Mint. Ukunuka izibungu utshani ungathandi. Ngakho-ke, basuke ocushiwe futhi ukushiya tergites. Kulokhu, lo izimuncagazi kakade imbozwe izidakamizwa eziyisisekelo.

"Bipin 'ngoba izinyosi: ukufundiswa ukusetshenziswa kwezimali

Lesi sidakamizwa okuqondene formaninov iqembu yokulwa Varroa abafuyi bezinyosi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukudlula nezinye ukwakhiwa. Ngakho-ke okunye azibuze ukuthi yini lena futhi kanjani it esetshenziswa. Ingqikithi oyinhloko esebenzayo "Bipin" kuyinto amitraz - oyibamba ekhethekile destructively ku imikhaza, ubuthi. It enikeziwe kule agent ampoules futhi imele ketshezi aphuzi kokuba nephunga ezingemnandi (njengaku naphthalene).

Indlela efanele zisebenzisa "Bipin 'ngoba izinyosi? Iziyalezo ukusetshenziswa yayo kakhulu elula. kusho i isixazululo aqueous isetshenziselwa ukucubungula. Kugcine okulungiselelwe ngokuxuba isitsha esisodwa (0.5 ml) e ilitha lamanzi okumsulwa. Ukwelapha Kwenziwa unisela "ezitaladini" melkostruynogo esidlekeni (10 ml ngayinye) kabili ngezikhawu masonto onke.

amakhambi emvelo

Njengoba cishe isiphi esinye isifo lezinyosi, Varroa ingelashwa hhayi kuphela nokusetshenziswa amakhemikhali, kodwa futhi zonke izinhlobo zezakhi zemvelo. Kusukela zemvelo, indlela ephephile ukuqeda isidleke kusukela izibungu ingasetshenziswa:

• formic acid oxalic acid;
• izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba uwoyela (dill, fir);
• amakhambi.

Ushukela sibekwa phambi basebusika isidleke, ochwepheshe batusa ukwengeza ikhambi lemvelo CAS 81, okuyinto decoction of umhlonyane zikaphayini efihlekile. Ngemva izinyosi akudle, igazi labo liba ezibabayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izibungu nje akudle ke.

Ukusebenzisa amafutha

Le ndlela ubhekwa siyasebenza ngempela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi okhandlayo. Amafutha for ekwelapheni izinyosi ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa. Abafuyi bezinyosi angasebenza, isibonelo, umsedari * nomthidari, uphayini, nokunye. G. Izinambuzane zivame kakhulu iphathwa, isibonelo, elicwengisiswe amafutha yemifino, exutshwe amathonsi eziningana fennel noma camphor. Lokhu Ukwakheka kungaba ngempela ewusizo kakhulu kuleli cala, njengoba ukufuywa. entwasahlobo isinambuzane kumele fafaza eyenziwe ngamafutha, pre-edonsa Uhlaka, usebenzisa isifutho ekhethekile. Icubungula ukuze kwenziwe kabili at esingaba kwezinsuku ezingu-10. Lapho ngiyoshumayela okwesithathu, emafutheni asetshenziselwa ekwindla, emva Ukuvalwa medosbora, usithathela mayelana 2 g isidakamizwa uzimele.

Varroatosis ngoba impatho singanikelwa ezinyosini phezulu entwasahlobo ukugqoka ngamafutha dill exutshwe kuwo. Ngezinye izikhathi abafuyi bezinyosi futhi ukufuthelana yokugcina e indawana ekhethekile futhi usithumele imibhangqwana ukuba esidlekeni ngu futha komgwaqo.

Ukugqoka nebhotela ukwenza elula kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, idinga kancane isiraphu (isibonelo, aphume ukuminyana). izingxenye 10-15 dill uwoyela exutshwe izingxenye 85-90 of Vaseline. Khona-ke wanezela 3.2 ml isiraphu. I-ejenti okuholela sisetshenziswa ngokulinganayo eshidini lephepha 2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye wabo ibekwe ezansi esidlekeni (embhedeni zokwelapha phezulu) kanti eyesibili wabekwa phezu kohlaka. uwoyela dill angathengwa at esitolo noma ukwenze ngokwakho. Kulo mBhalo yashaya ngamandla 300 g of imbewu. Base uthele amafutha sunflower futhi bagcizelele ngeviki, ibangele njalo. izindlela Ready elicwengekileyo ngokusebenzisa eligoqiwe izikhathi eziningana gauze.

Ukusetshenziswa oxalic acid

Leli thuluzi njalo ezitholakala ezitolo "Lezi zimpahla for abafuyi bezinyosi" futhi abafuyi bezinyosi asetshenziswa kabanzi kakhulu. Osetshenziswayo oxalic acid ngokuyinhloko for sishaye. Kulokhu, uzimele esuswa isifuba. Kulaba acid iyodwa iphuma ku isixazululo 2% yamanzi abilisiwe. Kufanele kudle 10-12 ml umkhiqizo kwepulanka linye. Carry ekucubunguleni kumele ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ngaphansana degrees 16. Feza sishaye izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sonyaka (3-4). Ekwindla ka Ukucubungula kwenziwe ngemva uju ukudonsa kanye nokuncelisa ibhukhumaka. Lapho usebenzisa i-oxalic acid imikhaza aqala ukuwela off kakade ngosuku 10-12. Ukwelashwa wenziwa nesomiso. Ukusetshenziswa oxalic acid akufanele kube isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngo ukusetshenziswa kwaleli thuluzi iminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha zilandelana, kusho ihhovisi izimuncagazi zikwazi ukumelana naso.

Oxalic acid nombolo ayisetshenziselwa kuphela sishaye, kodwa nezalo fumigation of izidleke zezinyosi ngababili. Kulokhu, njengoba uma usebenzisa amafutha dill, wasebenzisa indawana ekhethekile futhi futha.

Ukusetshenziswa amakhambi

Njenganoma iyiphi enye isifo lezinyosi, Varroa ingelashwa nge amakhambi. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene infusions kanye Iziphungo asetshenziswa kunjalo, uma befuna alondoloze ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo uju. Nokho beekeeper, ke ekhetha ukusebenzisa izinto zemvelo kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ziphansi ekuphumeleleni chemical amalungiselelo (50%).

Ukwelashwa bee olwenziwa engenziwa usebenzisa, isibonelo, kusho ezifana:

• Umhluzi motherwort, camomile kanye calendula (abilisiwe imizuzu 50). Lolu ketshezi siphelile ngesikhathi esifanayo ushukela isiraphu izinyosi zinikwa uthole kwengoma. Sebenzisa decoction ngokuvamile iwe.
• Ukumnika 50 g pepper abiliswe 0.5 amalitha amanzi. Ngo uketshezi ohangulayo kufanele ungeze isiraphu kancane ushukela. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziswa njengendlela entwasahlobo yokudla.
• Amahlumela ngesikele sokuthena of cherry zasendle. Zimane nje yehlisele phezu kohlaka. Esikhundleni zasendle cherry olwenziwa Ungazama sisusa usebenzisa Thyme imibengo.
• ufulawa softwood. It is wafutha entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi lapho esidlekeni inzalo kancane.

nzima ukusebenzisa la mathuluzi, kodwa Kusengenzeka ukuqeda izifo ezifana Varroa bee. Nokho, ukwelashwa Engamakhambi, kulungile ukuchitha imali ngokuhlanganyela amakhemikhali. Lokhu kuzokwenza balahle izibungu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuphulukiswa

Ukwelashwa zibaleka varroatosis ngale ndlela kungaba esebenza kahle kakhulu. ukwelashwa Heat - kahle imvelo, kodwa izindlela ngokwanele futhi okhandlayo. Yenza le nqubo ngokuvamile iwe. It kwenziwa kanje:

• I namantombazane ephansi 10 sidla kusukela luyakhukhumeza obhemayo.
• Ukuvala taphole, futhi esidlekeni is afakwe lokushisa ekamelweni okuyinto kancane ephakeme kunaleyo mgwaqo (kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-12 degrees).
• Kukhishwe kusuka ozimele isidleke.
• Izinyosi bayathuthumela kanye kwesibeletho e cassette ngokusebenzisa uphondo.
• Cassette ivaliwe. Izinyosi ukusinda ke imizuzu engu-15.
• Cassette lilondolozwe okugeza evuthayo. Amazinga Igumbi kufanele uzinze futhi uqhubeke 47 degrees.

Phakathi ukucutshungulwa, cassette kufanele rotated kanye kutshengisa ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezinyakaziswayo, singavumeli ezinyosini baqoqene phezulu ibhola. Ngemva 15 imiz bee eyenziwa okugeza. Egumbini lapho kwaba yezinyosi, tape kufanele igcinwe eminye imizuzu eyi-15. izinambuzane Ngaphezu kwalokho wathela emuva ozimele esidlule, futhi isethelwe esidlekeni. Ngemva izinyosi ziphumule, emnyango phansi ivulekile 8 cm. Ngemva kwehora lize kunciphisa edingekayo ngalesi sikhathi, ubukhulu.

Uma kunesidingo, ukuphathwa lezinyosi eyayiqhutshelwa okugeza varroatosis entwasahlobo yesibili. Yenza-ke kulesi sikhathi, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngemuva flyby kuqala.

zokuvimbela

Njengezinye izifo eziningi lezinyosi, Varroa aphathe nzima impela. Kulula kakhulu ukuzama ukuvimbela Ukungena izibungu esidlekeni. Prevention kungafaka imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukufakwa ekhethekile zezinyosi protivovarroatoznogo phansi;
• nokubamba yokuhlanza kwezidleke zezinyosi (ukususwa ngokweqile utshani doti ukhiphe Nzalo, njll ...);
• ukusetshenziswa amalungiselelo akhethekile (isibonelo, kusho "Thymol");
• Ukufakwa zezinyosi Frames lezinyosi;
• Association of imikhaya ababuthakathaka nokunye. D.

Prevention varroatosis okufanele iqhutshwe ku apiaries kunesidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, beekeeper kumele uqinisekise ukuthi izinyosi awuthelelekile zonke izinhlobo comorbidities, umkhaza ezithwalwa njalo.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane

Igazi abancela olwenziwa Varroa destructor buthakathaka bee, okubangela nje leyo ndawo ilahlekelwa ubungqabavu yayo futhi egcina ngokufa. Nokho, akuyona kuphela umonakalo odalwe lesi silwanyana. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, kungamboza ububi izinyosi avele ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi neyensikazi Varroa destructor ngegciwane kubo zonke izinhlobo nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, igciwane uhlobo iphiko noma ukukhubazeka oyingozi.

Ukuvimbela lolu hlobo sifo ikakhulukazi ukwamukela izinyathelo ngcono izivikeli mzimba lezinyosi. Isikhathi esining impela, abanikazi apiaries asetshenziselwe le nhloso, isibonelo, ukusuthisa nge pine akhiphe. Futhi Izibuyekezo ezinhle njengendlela ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba, kukhona "Endoglyukin" ukulungiselela.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, Varroa bee - lesi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu. Izinyathelo for ukubhujiswa umkhaza kufanele ezithathwe izimpawu zokuqala ukutheleleka. Kungenjalo, beekeeper kulindeleke ukulahlekelwa omkhulu hhayi kuphela ezihambisana nokwehla oluqinile umkhiqizo lezinyosi. Uma lesi sifo saqala, omkhaya angakwazi futhi ingabe ulahlekelwa.