Inani labantu base-Istanbul (Turkey): incazelo jikelele edolobheni

Istanbul Kungashiwo kufanele kubhekwe omunye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni. Umlando walo uhlehlela emuva ngeminyaka engu ezingaphezu kuka amabili nambili. Ukuze namuhla Istanbul agcinwayo ukunambitheka kanye nomkhathi endala. On cishe njalo ngomgwaqo edolobheni, ungabona iminonjana nomlando wayo odumileyo, ocebile. Istanbul - inhlanganisela ngokumangalisayo bamasiko amaSulumane, nokuphila emphakathini zasendulo nezanamuhla. ukuhlanganisa esidlule nawamanje ngokuvumelanayo kuleli dolobha libe ngelilodwa ngokufanayo. Hhayi ngokuvakashela Istanbul, awukwazi ukusho ukuthi wavakashela Turkey. Phela, lo muzi - inhliziyo yezwe, sombuso isiko kanye nomlando.

Umlando omncane

Kuze kube ngo-1930 umuzi wabizwa ngokuthi iConstantinople. Ngokwezwi nezwi lisho edolobheni of Constantine. Sikhuluma uMbusi WaseRoma uConstantine mina, okwathi ngo-330 ethutha ikomkhulu isimo e-Istanbul yanamuhla. Turkey - igama isimo sizothola okuningi kamuva. Ngaphambi umuzi wabizwa ngokuthi eByzantium waseConstantinople futhi kwaba inhliziyo yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Esikhathini nesikhathi Latin Empire waseConstantinople wayenakekela futhi wakhethwa njengoba inhlokodolobha. Futhi-ke, ezinsukwini esikhazimulayo uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Igama Republic Turkish zase zihleliwe ngo-1923 ngemva ekunqobeni yavelonkhe yenkhululeko ngaphansi kobuholi Ataturk.

Geography nesimo sezulu

Istanbul - idolobha ehlukile ngokuphelele. Itholakala izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba, engesiyo asafuna ukukusho mayelana imuphi omunye umuzi emhlabeni. It ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili le Bosphorus. Istanbul itholakala lapho kwakuphambana futhi imihlaba. Indlela evela oLwandle Olumnyama luya eMedithera iwukusebenzisa ogwini, lapho ugeza eSea of Marmara. Inhlanganisela isiko Asian futhi liberalism European yingoba dolobha lisendaweni endleleni esuka Asia eYurophu.

Istanbul kuyinto ngokuphelele ezonini ye sezulu esipholile. Ngakho-ke, nansi efudumele nehlobo ngezinye izikhathi esishisayo nobusika cool. Isithwathwa akuvamile, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi imvula iqhwa eza.

Istanbul isikhathi sihluke isikhathi eMoscow ngesikhathi 1:00. indawo Turkey lingelayo izoni yesikhathi yesibili, kanti eMoscow - eyesithathu.

labantu Istanbul sika

Ngokusho idatha olungekho emthethweni, idolobha inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25. Ngokusemthethweni, inani labantu Istanbul sika abantu abangaphezu kuka-14 million. Lokhu kungenxa ukuthutheleka zomsebenzi nezihambi eziqhamuka ngakuzo amazwe asezingeni eliphansi kwezentuthuko kanye impi kwezomnotho esishintshashintshayo. Ngokuvamile, laba bantu matasa emkhakheni service nokwakhiwa. Kulapho lapho isidingo umsebenzi ongaphakeme-onekhono noma kanzima.

Istanbul labantu bahlanganisa ikakhulu-Turks yomdabu okuyinto amaSulumane. Nokho, abaningi-Turks izimpande ngesiGreki, ngenxa ngokomlando. Phakathi yoMbuso WaseTurkey, inani elikhulu lwamaGreki olwalukhulekela uzoguqulelwa Islam, babuthana enhloko-dolobha yamasiko Turkey - Istanbul. Ulimi olukhulunywa iningi labantu edolobheni - Turkish. Kodwa abaningi-Turks kukhona umyalo ezinhle isiZulu nezilimi Russian. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezindaweni yezitolo komuzi.

izindawo Istanbul

Istanbul phakathi nawo wonke umlando wakhe eside futhi elikhazimulayo laliwumuzi ovulekile kakhulu, okuyinto wabeka isisekelo kwamasiko amabili ayo kanye lezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Abamele bezizwe ezihlukahlukene efika e Istanbul nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa ukudalwa izifunda entsha.

Izifunda Istanbul, njengoba lo muzi ngokwawo, ihlukaniswe European nase-Asia. Kuye kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zitholakala kwezinye ogwini. idolobha lonke ihlukaniswe ngezigodi 39. Ezinye zazo kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento zezimboni, abanye ilele, abanye njengabakhulu izivakashi kanye zomlando.

Izifunda edume kunazo Istanbul ezilandelayo:

• Islands Izikhulu '. Ngokuvamile, kakhulu ezigqagqene indawo edolobheni, kodwa endaweni yokungcebeleka. labantu Istanbul sika uyawuthanda ukuchitha ngezimpelasonto wakhe khona.
• Besiktas. State, okuyinto wathatha skyline ugu.
• Fatih - District yomlando. Kuyinto in Fatih iyona Luhambo esemqoka yedolobha: ibandla Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace nabanye.
• Beyoğlu. Ayikho indawo engaphansi ezidumile kuka Fatih. Izivakashi oyikhethile ke ngenxa Taksim Square, Galata Tower. Lezi zindawo ezimbili oxhumene Galata ibhuloho.
• Eyüp. Le ndawo best of Istanbul, ukuze zibabaza eGulf of iGolden Horn.
• Laleli. edolobheni ukuyothenga endaweni, eqinisweni, emakethe endaweni. Kukhona lenqwaba izitolo ukuthi bekwi ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ezikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni umkhakha izimboni.

umnotho

Izinkomba zomnotho İstanbul kakhulu kunanoma yiziphi ezinye idolobha elisezweni lase-. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi idolobha iwukuba 30 abayiziqumama ekhaya. Lokho kukodwa nje abalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-27% womkhiqizo okhandwe yiNingizimu zaba ngu-Istanbul. Turkey akuniké mega-emzini engaphezu kwengu-20% abasebenzi, kodwa uthola khona abangaba ngu-40% azo zonke izintela.

Umkhakha, bagxila ikakhulukazi emadolobheni asemaphethelweni Istanbul, wehlukile kakhulu. Kusukela zobunjiniyela embonini yezokudla. impahla Iningi ukuthekelisa emelelwa ukudla textile izimboni (80%). Ingxenye ekhethekile yemali umuzi isukela ukudlula imikhumbi ngokusebenzisa Bosporus Strait.

Imfundo e Istanbul

Istanbul futhi isikhungo yesayensi yezwe. Umuzi edonsela nabafundi abavela kulo lonke izwe kanye basemazweni angomakhelwane. Umuzi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke eTurkey Istanbul University. Inani labafundi ngabantu 140 000. Kuyinto isikhungo omdala futhi ovelele kunayo zemfundo ephakeme kuleli zwe. Kakhulu owaziwa Istanbul Technical University (omunye omdala amanyuvesi lobuchwepheshe emhlabeni) kanye University of Marmara.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zikhungo zemfundo esaziwayo futhi esidumile edolobheni kukhona amanyuvesi eziningi ezincane, ngaphansi owaziwa ezimele kanye nekahulumeni, okuyinto isitimela Ochwepheshe ezindaweni ezahlukene. E-Istanbul, lo ebhekiwe izikhungo zocwaningo elikhulu ezweni futhi umtapo ngobukhulu.

ingqalasizinda Ezokuthutha komuzi

Njengoba 90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, Turkey kanye Istanbul lakhula ngokushesha kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila komphakathi. Labantu sakhula ngokushesha. Ubuholi komuzi, kwanqunywa ukuba ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda ukuze ahlinzeke labantu Istanbul izimo ukhululekile ephilayo. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo ezokuthutha idolobha elinikwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Phakathi edolobheni kukhona zezindiza ezimbili ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe: oyedwa European okuyingxenye, elinye e-Asia. Zinikeza emoyeni wezimpahla umgibeli traffic. zokuthutha Marine inikezwa ngenxa inani elikhulu izimbobo, berths, ezikhumulweni ahlukahlukene isitoreji nabanye. Iningi izimpahla nabantu futhi yayihamba zifika futhi ushiye ngaphandle Istanbul ngesitimela. Ngenxa yalesi, amabili esiteshini ezakhiwa.

izinto zokuthutha umphakathi

ngokukhethekile kufanele kube ezokuthutha zomphakathi e-Istanbul. Stambultsy futhi izivakashi ungasebenzisa trams. Benza izinto zibe lula, okusheshayo, yesimanje. Ngosizo lwabo, ungabona wonke maphakathi Istanbul. Metrobus ihlinzeka umlayezo nge izinxenye ezintsha emzini ngaphandle isiminyaminya. Amabhasi - ifomu ethandwa kakhulu kwezithuthi zomphakathi emzini. Dolmush - ukufana amatekisi ethu. Kukhona itekisi, ujantshi funicular, ongaphansi komhlaba, isikebhe.

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki wukuthi akukho uhlobo ezokuthutha awubhekene wonke umuzi. Maphakathi ekahle futhi okusheshayo yokufinyelela lapho uya khona phezu tram kusukela sezindiza kuya maphakathi - on the esitimeleni, bese welela ohlangothini Asian imoto ikhebula noma isikebhe. Yini kubahlanganisa wukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo ezokuthutha zomphakathi e Istanbul kuyashesha, ukhululekile futhi zesimanje.

Izikhangibavakashi Nezokuvakasha

Amasonto, amathempeli, izigodlo, amapaki, plaza, nezinqaba, amabhuloho, iminyuziyamu kanye nezimakethe - uhlu encane yini futhi kufanele ubone e Istanbul. Iningi izinto zomlando basuke bagxila Fatih isifunda. Kukhona edumile emhlabeni wonke Hagia Sophia kanye Blue Mosque. Ngaphandle Ukuhlola izikhumbuzo isiko kanye nomlando aluphumeleli uhambo idolobha.

Minyaka yonke umuzi wavakashela yizivakashi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10, eyisilinganiso yesikhalazo yayo zomlando namasiko. kuhulumeni edolobheni unaka kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni nengqalasizinda yezokuvakasha, okuletha imali eningi endaweni yengcebo.

Izivakashi ngisho isabelomali nesizotha kakhulu nesikhathi Istanbul enhle. Phela, kukhona zonke izimo: izimoto zamanani aphansi, inani elikhulu amahhotela kanye emahostela, okuyizinto ngenxa ekuncintisaneni okushubile ahlinzekwa yokuhlala kuhle imali encane futhi ongenakulibaleka Museum idolobha ukunambitheka.