Isigaba "i-Russland": izinombolo, izimpawu, ifulegi, isithombe

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, i-Wehrmacht yayineqembu laseRussia (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-First Russian National Army). Kwakuhlanganisa abafuduki abamhlophe, izingane zabo, futhi, ngokuvamile, abaphikisi bamaKhomanisi abalwa nohlangothini lweReich.

Boris Smyslovsky

Ukwahlukaniswa kwamaNazi "eRussia" kuhlanganiswa kakhulu negama lomsunguli wawo uBoris Smyslovsky. Wasebenzisa igama elithi pseudonym u-Arthur Holmston. Emithonjeni yezimlando zibizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi isibongo seHolmston-Smyslovsky sisetshenziswa.

Le ndoda yazalwa ngo-1897 esifundazweni saseVyborg soMbuso WaseRussia. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango elwa eceleni kweReds, khona-ke ehlangothini oluMhlophe. Ekugcineni, wajoyina amabutho aseNingizimu Russia ngaphansi komyalo ka-Anton Denikin.

Ngemva kokunqotshwa kwemhlophe uSmyslovsky, wahlala ePoland, lapho kwakuhlala khona abantu abaningi abavela kulo kanye nabaphikisi bamaBolsheviks. Lapha le nsizwa yaqeda imfundo yakhe. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-20-yafudukela eJalimane, lapho eya khona ukuya empini. Ngalesi sikhathi kuleli zwe amaNazi aqala ukubusa.

Ukunyakaza kokubambisana ekuthumeni okumhlophe

Ngesikhathi uHitler ehlasela iSoviet Union, wayengenaso isizathu sokubheka ukusekelwa kwabamhlophe ababehlala eYurophu kusukela ngo-Okthoba Revolution. Bonke bazonda amaKhomanisi abathatha izwe lawo kubo. Abathunjwa babevame ukuthatha isikhundla esikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni emhlophe, ukulwa nobuJuda kwakuyinto evamile (abanye babekholelwa ukuthi amaJuda ahlukumeze umbuso).

Ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi i- Reich Third kanye nabafuduki bathola ulimi oluvamile. Lokhu kubambisana kwakunezithelo eziningi, kuhlanganise nokuhlukaniswa kweRussland. U-Smyslovsky kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi wayehlanganyele enhlanganweni yamavolontiya aseRussia, ajoyine i-Wehrmacht. Yena ngokwakhe wakhonza ku-Abwehr (ubuhlakani) futhi wayenezo zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo kumholi.

Plans Smyslovsky

Inhlangano yokubambisana phakathi kwamaRussia yayingavamile. Kodwa iningi lawo lalivele ngokuqondile ngenxa yokungathandi ngamaBolsheviks. USmyslovsky wabeka umsebenzi wokubhubhisa amandla kaKhomanisi ngosizo lwe-Wehrmacht. Emva kwalokhu, ngokwezinhlelo zakhe, ekhaya, kwakungenzeka ukwakha umbuso kazwelonke waseRashiya owawuzoba umhlobo wamaNazi. Kusukela uHitler kuzodingeka ahlaselwe empini ngokumelene neBrithani ne-United States, ukubaluleka komlingani wakhe weSlavic kuzokhula ngesikhathi. Ngakho uSmyslovsky wayenethemba lokuthola ukuzibusa kwezombusazwe ku-Reich.

Uhlelo lwakhe lwaluhle kakhulu ephepheni, kodwa empini yonke into yayiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Bonke abahlanganyeli, kuhlanganise neRussland division, babenethemba lokuthi iSoviet Union izowa ngaphansi kwezingxabano ze-Wehrmacht, lapho wonke amazwe aseYurophu ayebanjwe khona asebenza khona. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akukwenzekanga.

Okokuqala, i-Red Army yamisa ukucasula eJalimane eduze kwaseMoscow. Ngo-1942, i-Battle of Stalingrad yenzeke, okwaba yinguquko enkulu empini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amaJalimane nabalingani bawo baye bahamba kancane kancane ngasentshonalanga, bekhulula imizi yaseRussia.

Ubudlelwane namaVlasovites

Ngaphandle kwebutho likaSmyslovsky, emhlanganweni wokubambisana phakathi nenkathi enkulu yomsebenzi wamaNazi, kwakunezinhlanganisela eziningana ezinkulu. Isigaba "iRussia", inombolo yayo engakaze idlula abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi, yayibonakala ingaphansi kwesilinganiso sebutho laseRussia Liberation Andrei Vlasov.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubunjwa kwakunezinhloso ezahlukene. UVlasovtsy walwa ngokuqondile ngaphambili, kanti amasosha aseRussia ahlukana ikakhulukazi ekuhlaselweni futhi elwa nabase-partisans ngemuva.

Ukucindezela ngokumelene nokuhlukaniswa

Ukuqala kwempi ne-USSR uSmyslovsky wahlangana ePoland, lapho ayebambe iqhaza ekubongeni. Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela, wenza ngokuyinhloko izabelo zabasebenzi. Ekugcineni, ngo-1943, kwakhiwa uRussland. USyyslovsky waba yinhloko yayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, phakathi kwamaJalimane, wayaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elisha likaColonel von Regenau.

Njengoba eba yinhloko yeyunithi enkulu, u-Smyslovsky waqala ukusungula oxhumana nabo nebutho lase-Ukraine elihlubukayo, kanye nebutho lasePoland yaseTerritory. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngoDisemba 1943 waboshwa. Kwase kwesikhashana, ukuhlukana kweRussland kwaqedwa. Ukufaniswa kwalesi sibopho kwavinjelwa, ngaphakathi kwalo kuhlanzwa, kuhlelwe yiGestapo.

Ukukhululeka Smyslovsky

Isizathu sokuboshwa kukaSmyslovsky akukhona nje kuphela ukuboshwa kwakhe okungaqondakali namaPoles nama-Ukrainians, kodwa futhi ukungenqikazi ukusayina isikhalazo sikaStolensk sikaGeneral Vlasov. Phakathi kwabaholi ababili bezinhlangano zokubambisana kwakukhona ubudlelwane obunzima. USmyslovsky akazange abelane ngemibono kaVlasov futhi akazange amthinte, nakuba kwakudingeka ahlangane endlunkulu yaseJalimane.

Isikhalazo saseSmolensk sabiza amaRussia ukuthi alwe namaBolsheviks empumalanga kanye namabhonogodla entshonalanga. USmyslovsky ukholelwa ukuthi kwakungekho isidingo sokulandela isiqondiso sobuholi baseJalimane - lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kakhulu. Umphathi wazama ukuvikela, uma kungenjalo isikhundla esizimele, okungenani ukubonakala kwakhe. Izinyathelo zakhe zokukhwabanisa zaholela ekuboshiwe.

Uphenyo lwadlula izinyanga eziyisithupha. U-Smyslovsky wasindiswa ngu- Admiral Canaris, owasekela umbusi waseRashiya. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuqhutshwa kweRussland kwabuyiselwa. Isithombe se-general saqala ukuvela futhi enkulumweni esicacisayo njengesibonelo esihle senkonzo yeReich. Khona-ke "i-Russland" futhi yayingaphezu nje kokubunjwa kobuhlakani. Noma kunjalo, u-Smyslovsky ngemuva kokukhululwa wathola isikhundla se-colonel, okwamvumela ukuba angayinaki imiyalo yabaningi bamaJalimane.

Ukuphela kweRussland

I-Intelligence Division "eRussia" (ifulegi layo laliyizindwangu ezimhlophe-obomvu) lihlelwe kabusha ekupheleni kwempi ngoFebhuwari 1945. Ngaleso sikhathi, iRussia yesithathu yayisesimweni esibuhlungu. AmaJalimane aqhubeka nokubuyela emuva futhi ayevele emingcele yezwe lawo. I-Generalism yayisethubeni. Noma kunjalo, isibalo sikaHitler nezinyanya zamaGestapo sasigcina isiyalo.

Ngo-1945, amaJalimane aqala ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezingenakuze zibe nazo izikhathi ezingcono. Ngakho, i-Wehrmacht yanikeza uSyyslovsky cishe ukuzimela ngokugcwele. Isigaba sakhe sabizwa ngokuthi i-First National Army yaseRussia.

Ngo-Ephreli 1945, kwakungekho abantu abangaba ngu-500 ekwakheni kwawo. Bonke babesheshe baphuthunyiswa e-alpine eyinhloko ye-Liechtenstein. Ngemuva kwempi, iziphathimandla zaleli zwe zenqaba ukukhipha ababaleki eSoviet Union. Abaningi babo bahamba ngokukhululekile baya eLatin America. U-Smyslovsky wahlala eLiechtenstein futhi wafela lapho eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngo-1988.