Indima Negative futhi omuhle-bacterium

Ngamagama ambalwa, komncane kunabo ephilayo eziphilayo - eminingi kakhulu abakhileyo ezweni, izilwandle, emkhathini. Ngokusho ososayensi, eyodwa kuphela igremu inhlabathi angazamukela amagciwane abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu namashumi. Futhi maqondana zokuhlala ezweni eziphilayo hlala unendawo ehloniphekile kuqala. Phela, ayebonakala emhlabeni kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.7 edlule. Futhi abanye babo baye esishintshile kancane ngisho! Iyini indima kwegciwane imvelo? Kukuyiphi izinqubo global abathintekayo, lezi zidalwa ezincane? Miphi ziyasiza futhi yiziphi ingozi emzimbeni womuntu? Zonke lezi mibuzo izozama ukunikeza izimpendulo ezimfushane kulesi sihloko.

Okuncane amagciwane

Imvelo, kwakheka amagciwane wabalungiselela wekhasi okungakaze izimfanelo eziningi angekho iningi nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga iplanethi enguMhlaba. Ziyakwazi withstanding okushisa aphezulu futhi aphansi, kalula khona ngomfutho ophakeme futhi ongaphakeme asemkhathini, cishe ngaphandle oksijini. Nezilwanyana ezincane sengathi senzelwe ukukhokhela imihlaba ezintsha, ukulungisa ku ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile, kodwa azihlali muntu. Nge isakhiwo sasivumela bakudala (iningi - elilodwa) amagciwane abe reserve omkhulu wamandla, zingabantu mhlawumbe ephumelela kunazo amafomu eyaziwa ezikhona zokuphila.

Bahlalaphi

La magciwane kukhona ikuyo yonke indawo, lapho betholakala khona kuyo yonke indawo: emhlabathini, olwandle nezilwandle emoyeni futhi nangaphakathi ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Bona lokhu niyisixuku esikhulu, inqwaba. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ama-bacterium babe "ajwayelekile" umuntu usanda kuphela, ngemva kokusungulwa idivayisi optical, esandisa izinto. Khona-ke ososayensi bakwazi ukubona them they tshela, isandla kuqala. Futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, amakoloni enkulu amagciwane yayikhona kungaqashelwa, ekusizeni akayiboni noma umonakalo okubangela kuso sonke isintu. Iyini indima kwegciwane imvelo? Ngumuphi kubo zisiza, futhi imuphi umonakalo? Ake sibheke ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu!

Indima enhle amagciwane

Lezi zakhamuzi zase-iplanethi lasendulo owayebonakala obakhathalelayo olwenzeka endaweni endaweni yabo, ngokuletha inzuzo enkulu emhlabeni wonke bebonke, futhi isintu ngokukhethekile. Indima enhle amabhaktheriya kungabonakala ezinhlakeni ezahlukene umthelela: uhlobo, isimo, abantu. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo.

Odokotela nemvelo

Into wukuthi abaningi amabhaktheriya ukudla izinsalela abafileyo bezinye izidalwa, njengohlobo oluthile "abanakekeli", uhlobo udoti elihlanza futhi ungavumeli buthelela imfucumfucu. Ngo isayensi, lesi simanga libizwa saprotroph. Ngaphandle lolu hlobo amagciwane emhlabeni bekuzokuba ayiminyanisa phezu mass imfucuza ukuze akulahle unaphakade. Yilokho nezilwanyana ezincane eziningi, ayezosebenza njengabaqondisi abahlengikazi.

ulwelwe oluluhlaza

Futhi lezi cyanobacteria, ngaphambili ngokuyiphutha ngokuthi ulwelwe, bayakwazi ukubamba iqhaza kwe-photosynthesis. indima enhle amagciwane yalolu hlobo kukhiqizwe i-oksijini mass. Ososayensi baye kunqunywa ukuthi ezikhathini zakudala la magciwane ezincane waqala ukwakha emkhathini woMhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba nje indlela thina zijwayele nokuzwakala yayo. Yiqiniso, ezindaweni yesimanje-mpilo ngu-photosynthesis akuvezi kuphela ulwelwe oluluhlaza. Nokho igunya futhi share sengonyama - ngemva kwabo. Futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle la magciwane ekwakhekeni izimila nezilwane emhlabeni ngesimo lapho zikhona namuhla.

Ukusakazwa izidakamizwa

Enye indima enhle amagciwane - iqhaza anyatheliswayo emhlabeni wonke izinto ngokwemvelo. On ezweni nasolwandle, emoyeni njalo uya exchange global izakhi. Zonke izinto iplanethi enguMhlaba uthuthela umzimba eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngaphandle ezincane, inguquko enjalo beyizoba akunakwenzeka. I wafunda kakhulu isayensi nitrogen umjikelezo inqubo, esakhiwa izinyathelo ezimbalwa: nenkanuko edlulele, namachibi, ukuncishiswa (by ebolile noma ammonification). Kuzo zonke izimo ezintathu, izinqubo yenziwa amaqembu athile ama-bacterium. Lokhu qhuzwana nezinto ezincane eziphilayo aerobic ehilelekile noqhekeko kanye ukuguqulwa izinqubo amaprotheni. Ososayensi baye wembula ukubandakanywa lezi ezincane-izidalwa yokuzala kanye nenguquko-carbon dioxide, i-sulphur, insimbi, ne phosphorus. Okwamanje ngaphansi kuphenyisiswe kulezi zinkanyezi.

amaketanga ukudla

Iyini indima kwegciwane umongo amandla izidalwa eziphilayo? Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi kukhona microscopically amancane, besaba ngukudla ezinye izidalwa emikhulu. Yikuphi, esikhundleni salokho, zidla abanye. Yiqiniso, isibonelo, abantu akuzona amagciwane njengengxenye ebalulekile yokudla. Kodwa ngokungaqondile sidla ke, ngaphandle ngisho nokuqaphela. A isibonelo esihlaba umxhwele - ukudla ukulondolozwa emgqonyeni, futhi wonke "kislomolochka" (endleleni, ubhiya newayini nazo umphumela umsebenzi amagciwane athile kanye nesikhunta). ekhona imikhiqizo efanayo cuisine kazwelonke izizwe zomhlaba.

ngoba indoda

Iyini indima empilweni amagciwane (ngoba indoda)? Izilokazane ezincane abahlala esiswini kukhona "omakhelwane." Nabanomusa futhi enobungane Lezi zihlanganisa Bifidobacterium futhi Bacteroides futhi E. coli, enterococci, lactobacilli. Bonke ukwenza microflora ewusizo futhi afeze imisebenzi zokuzivikela futhi wokugaya ukudla. Kwatholakala ukuthi zonke izilokazane ezincane esiswini bunesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu. Kuhle kakhulu iphesenti imigomo.

Iqhaza engakhi amagciwane

Kodwa alawa magciwane ukudlala imvelo kanye nokuphila kwabantu akukhona kuphela indima eqakathekileko. Emzimbeni wethu, amanye amagciwane (1%) kungaba nomphumela pathogenic ezimweni ezithile. ingozi Omkhulu kubabangele Amagciwane yisinanakazana ukuthi kungabangela izifo ezithathelwanayo: .. Inhlupheko, ikholera, njll Of izifo kancane esiyingozi kungenziwa ngokuthi i-angina, ukuvuvukala yamaphaphu. Ngakho, mhlawumbe, ososayensi uncamela ukugcina lezi izinambuzane ezincane ngaphansi kolawulo.

Enye indima engakhi amagciwane - ukuhileleka kwabo elonakele ezidliwayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, angase akwazi "ukudla" inyumbazana imbala ukudla isikhathi kuhle okusheshayo. Ngemva kwalokho, abantu, mikhiqizo babé yaphela indaba yalo.