Telescope lokuba izimfundamakhwela izazi zezinkanyezi: kanjani ukukhetha? Sibheka esibhakabhakeni

Lovers ukubheka izinto ezisemkhathini namuhla cishe akukho imikhawulo ukubonakaliswa isithakazelo sakhe. Enough ukuthenga ithikithi kuya Observatory futhi bayakujabulela ukugcina izinkanyezi. Nokho, i-lover abanolwazi, kungcono ukuhlela kungenzeka Izibuyekezo anjalo ngokuqondile ekhaya. Lapho ukuthi abakhiqizi imishini yezinkanyezi njalo ungezelele ubuyekeze umugqa imodeli, yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa non-ochwepheshe. abathengi Nesithakazelo ngokwanele ukuba ngilidlulisele isegmenti, elimelela izibonakude ukuze izazi zezinkanyezi eziyizimfundamakhwela. Indlela ukukhetha iyunithi kwesokudla - kuyinto umbuzo olandelayo bese esikhundleni nzima. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo kufanele ichaze nenqubo yokukhetha, izinhlobonhlobo izibonakude futhi ucabangele onobuhle yimpumelelo kakhulu.

Ukhiye Ukukhethwa sokunquma

In the isinyathelo sokuqala ukunquma usayizi eziyisisekelo isibonakude sokusebenza. onobuhle Domestic ngokuvamile une-beso (ububanzi) 60 200 mm. Ngokuphathelene ubude, kuba phakathi ephasishi 300 1000 mm. Ukuze isibonakude yakho ungaqopha futhi sizikhandle iguqulwe ibe format digital, ngeke kube engadingekile ukuhlinzeka kanye nekhono ukuvumelanisa idivayisi ngekhompyutha. Ngakho, imodeli kumele inikezwe elekthroniki ngokugcwalisa futhi bethwebula. Amadivayisi anjalo ezibizayo, kodwa ikhono ukuze bathethelele intengo. Nge imishini enjalo, isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqhuba idatha izibalo ngokuthumela izinto semininingwane ekhethekile.

Manje kuwufanele sihlolisise izici babe izibonakude ukuze izazi zezinkanyezi eziyizimfundamakhwela. Indlela ukhethe best? Impendulo yalo mbuzo awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ngekucikelela amathuba akhawunti ngenxa yokwanda imishini.

Izimfuneko ikhono ukwandisa

Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukunyuka zonke Amadivayisi optical kunqunywa beso futhi ikhono ukunikeza isithombe esicacile. ukukhuluma Cishe, imikhawulo ku ukwanda izibonakude khona - ngokwanele ukuhlomisa ngayo eyepiece kunesidingo. Kodwa kunemingcele okungafanele izinto waphawula babe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana. Okungukuthi, amabanga athile aqale ukuhlushwa ngokuningiliziwe nokukhanya. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko imfundamakhwela sezinkanyezi - sifunde ukubona elilungile kokukhulisa isibonakude e hlobo locingo. Ngenxa yale njongo, elula ifomula: Lens ubukhulu ngamamilimitha iphindwe 2. Ngakho-ke, ama-apharathasi izinga okusezingeni 100 mm ububanzi izonikeza ukwanda 200-emhlanjini. Lokho kwanele ukugcina emafwini Jupiter, noma ikhala Saturn sika. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi okuningi izinzuzo kusukela ukusetshenziswa ukwanda okunjalo kuncike sezulu, kodwa leyo kungenye umbuzo.

Khetha uya khona

Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana izibonakude, okuyinto kungenziwa labizwa ngesisekelo lapho uya khona. Labo uhlela ngokukhethekile ukuba bagcine amaplanethi, kubalulekile ukuncoma imodeli-refractors e diameters ezisukela 120 mm kuya ku-150 mm. Isici amadivayisi enjalo ukungabi Ukuhlolwa emaphakathi, esihlinzeka elikhanyayo okungafani kanye "isithombe." Uma ufuna ukubuka ezikude emizimbeni cosmic, noma ngisho imithala eyethile, kufanele ukhethe izibonakude okukhulu izazi zezinkanyezi eziyizimfundamakhwela. Indlela ukhethe ezifanele kulesi simo? Okokuqala, kumelwe kube ukubonakalisa ku-entabeni enkabazwe. Futhi okwesibili, ubukhulu bayo kumele kukhethwe ngokuvumelana nemingcele eyintando 200-250 mm.

Kukhona abalandeli abaningi ababuka ngokusebenzisa isibonakude ukuze izinto eliwumhlaba kanye izenzakalo. Ukuze lezo zinkinga, kutuswa ukusebenzisa emfushane-nokujikijela imodeli-refractors ku azimuthal ukukhweza, ifakwe evala nezibhebhe. Uma kudingeka idivayisi benethuba ukuhlaselwa ngaphandle ekhaya, kungcono uthanda imodeli transportable ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo the Maksutov-Cassegrain. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "ekusukeni" amadivayisi ukunikeza isithombe esihle, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kulula futhi ezihlangene.

Amamodeli izingane: yini okufanele siyicabangele?

In the line yanoma yimuphi umakhi ezinkulu imishini yezinkanyezi ezidingekayo isibonakude yezingane ezinguqulweni eziningana. ongakhetha Ikakhulukazi ezinhle evezwa Bresser Junior chungechunge. Ngokuvamile lokhu refractors-achromats kabani ubukhulu zokhahlamba kusuka 80 kuya ku-90 mm. Kubalulekile ukuthi idivayisi wabekwa i azimuthal ukukhweza for the lula umsebenzisi abasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulondoloza ingane zokukhwabanisa okungadingekile imishini Ngalokungaketayeleki kumele usebente kubo onobuhle uhlelo lens. Abenzi lutho ikakhulukazi bafune yesondlo, kodwa zihlukaniswa nokwethenjelwa ngokuqina.

izazi zezinkanyezi abasha kakhulu iminyaka engu-8 yanconywa amadivayisi abanamalensi 60-80 mm. ububanzi okunjalo kwenza ukuba bajwayelane besibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi Imibandela, ukuthi okungenani ngeke ahlakulele isithakazelo yomntwana nezifundo. Kuzophinde kube kungekho kuka ukwelekelela ibalazwe yezingane isibonakude emkhathini futhi izincwadi zemfundo, okufanele iminyaka. izifundo eziwusizo yezinkanyezi, ngokuhlanganiswa theory Ngokuqinisekile uyonika yalokho okuhle ukuthuthukiswa ungachithi.

Entabeni ye-isibonakude

Ngaphezu kokukodwa okukhulunywa kule divayisi. Kukusiza ukuba ukhiye idivayisi futhi ikhono abaphathi bayo. Baningi ongakhetha Ukukhweza, kodwa izibonakude amateur kufaneleka ukucabangela izinhlobo ezintathu - enkabazwe kanye azimuthal Dobson uhlelo. Inketho yokuqala kungaba isixazululo esingcono kakhulu uma uhlela ukubukela emizimbeni ezicashile, futhi enze operation astrofotograficheskie. Kufanele futhi ucabangele ukwesekwa, ibalwa izibonakude transportable ngoba izazi zezinkanyezi eziyizimfundamakhwela. Indlela ukukhetha entabeni idivayisi enjalo? Inketho engcono kuyoba uhlelo azimuth, okuyinto liyasetshenziswa izingane izibonakude. Phakathi zako zihlanganisa kalula ukuphatha Ubukhulu ezincane. Amadivayisi kwakhiwa Dobson uhlelo kwehluke ukwakhiwa alula adinga yesondlo sakugcina. Ukuze sezinkanyezi saqala ukhetho best.

Orion telescope brand

Inkampani American Orion inikeza uhla sasivumela olunzulu amateur imishini yezinkanyezi, ngakho izibonakude Ukubuyekeza kufanele kuqale lo mkhiqizo. Emkhayeni labelwe refractors ethile GoScope futhi Observer. I beso amadivayisi ezinjalo kuba 80-120 mm. Futhi amadivayisi butholakale eyenziwe Maksutov-Cassegrain uhlelo. Kulokhu, ubukhulu ku uhla 90-150 mm. Ukuze oqondayo Ongoti izinto zokuzilibazisa nomkhiqizi ukhiqiza imodeli Aristocrat. Le divayisi, wazenza ngethusi, okuyizinto ukubaluleka yobuhle. Isici onobuhle Orion wukuhlinzeka kumadivayisi zakamuva kukhompyutha, ezifana izinhlelo isiqondiso GPS abamukelayo.

Amamodeli kusukela Celestron

Enye inkampani American - Celestron - ngamakhasimende, kuhlanganise nabalandeli nezithameli. Abanye model kuhambisana beso-refractors kusuka 40 kuya kwezingu-150 mm. Esikhathini ingxenye maphakathi emelelwa Dobson amayunithi - uchungechunge Starhopper, lapho ungathola isibonakude esikhulu nge ububanzi 300 mm. Umugqa kunazo obusezingeni kusekelwe Schmidt-Cassegrain. Kulokhu sikhuluma nokulungiswa nge beso of 127-356 mm. Kuyinto kuleli kilasi, umenzi ethengisa ukuthuthukiswa yayo yakamuva ikhompyutha. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi ochungechungeni kunikeza othomathikhi kokulandela uhlelo.

Telescope kusukela Meade

Umkhiqizi Meade uhlose ukuhlanganisa e izibonakude zabo izinzuzo ergonomic futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi esibukweni lens uhlelo, beso zazo sifinyelela 114 mm. Ngenxa lula homing uhlelo, umsebenzisi alamathuluzi kalula ukudala amarekhodi kanye ewayisa ku computer database. I beso esiphezulu Meade onobuhle kuyinto 406 mm, lens isibonakude ngezimiso ezinjalo kufanelekile zochwepheshe nabasafunda. Eminye imishini nazo unikezwe inkumbulo amayunithi nezinzwa isikhathi umkhathizwe. By the way, esikhathini sokuqala nomkhiqizi ekilasini umnotho nokobana refractor achromatic, kwahambisana by an enkabazwe khweza futhi homing uhlelo. Le nkampani futhi inikeza entabeni combo, ihlanganisa izinzuzo imiklamo ezahlukene.

isiphetho

Mangisho ukuthi izibonakude emakethe sisihle kakhulu okwashiwo imfundamakhwela amateur kwesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi. Kusukela umuntu befuna ezidingekayo ukucacisa izici eziyisisekelo futhi usebenze ukuthola isibonakude ezinhle ngeke. Kahle samuntu efanayo kungaba umshini-kugqame Dobsonians beso at 100-120 mm. NgokoMthetho we-ukuthembeka cishe wonke amamodeli we abakhiqizi efakwe ohlwini wabonisa izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu yokukhungatheka abanikazi musa abangele. Akufanele ukushaye indiva zakamuva tangcondvomshini, okuyinto zinama ngezibonakude. Naphezu eyinkimbinkimbi okusobala amadivaysi zobuchwepheshe, basuke ngokushesha isakhiwa futhi kakhulu ukudlulisa ukusebenza yayo inqubo usebenzisa umshini.