Isakhiwo isimiso sezinzwa - Yisifundo komzimba womuntu

Loluhlelo jikelele sezinzwa isakhiwo uhlelo ochazwa ezimbili izingxenye zalo: emaphakathi kanye neuropathy. Ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla kukhona isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko nezinzwa cranial, autonomic spinal kuthiwa ngesisekelo neuropathy.

Man, njengazo zonke ezinye izinto eziphilayo, bakghone ukuphendula izinguquko zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba imvelo.

Kunezici kwemvelo (touch, umsindo, ukukhanya, futhi iphunga), okuyinto ngosizo amaseli akhethekile sezinzwa aguqulwa nezinzwa amaza. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, wabala izinguquko kagesi namakhemikhali ngqo fibre emsipheni. I pulses okuholela adluliswa ngu Imicu yotshani afferent ku asebuchosheni nomgogodla, lapho kukhiqizwa imiyalo ezidingekayo ukuze ukudluliselwa efferent (motor) Imicu yotshani ukuze imisipha obhekene umsebenzi executive.

Sakhiwo umsebenzi isimiso sezinzwa ahloselwe ukuhlanganiswa zangaphandle ithonya ikhono i umzimba zokubhekana naso.

Isakhiwo isimiso sezinzwa ayikwazi kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngaphandle izici iyunithi yayo kwesakhiwo - the namangqamuzana ezinzwa kuyinto cell ezinzwa siqukethe umzimba nucleus, dendritic (izinqubo branched) kanye Axon (ingalo eside elilodwa). Umgomo we operation ye namangqamuzana ezinzwa - the dendrites ka emsipheni amaza idluliselwe umzimba cell ke ngokusebenzisa Axon ithunyelwa effectors noma kwamanye amangqamuzana.

Phakathi ngokwabo ngokusebenzisa izinqubo izinzwa axhunyiwe nge synapse, ogama indima liqukethe gqwa emsipheni amaza. It uyakwazi kudlule pulses elilodwa kanye nezinye ukubambezeleka.

Izinzwa liphethwe amaqembu ehlukene, enquma umsebenzi wabo ethize. Ngakho, elinye iqembu lama-izinzwa usebenze umsebenzi sicubungule banesibopho ukuchotshozwa yisifiso emsipheni. Iqembu lesibili obangela zamagama kanye ukuhlonza amaza ivela kwezinye izinzwa. Kukhona iqembu lesithathu, okugcina imiphumela kusuka imithelela odlule bese iqhathanisa imithelela ezivela iminonjana ekhona.

eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuphathwa inethiwekhi isikhungo nezinzwa yasakazwa kulo lonke umzimba womuntu emgogodleni, okuyinto ine isimo "Izindophi" ende emhlophe, ukushuba of a ngomunwe, ubude 45 cm futhi enesisindo mayelana 30 amagremu, futhi itholakala umsele umgogodla. It siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - i-grey ndaba (yinhlanganisela ezinzwa) futhi ndaba emhlophe (nerve fibre).

Kwesobunxele kanye kwesokudla umgogodla intambo egatsheni e "ngendlela Amahlumela kusuka isiqu esihlahleni" izinzwa emgogodleni. Basuke esethunyelwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba womuntu, futhi unikeze ubuhlobo isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ukulawula ezithile "ingxenye" wonke umzimba kwenziwe izinzwa eqondile.

ezinzwa Spinal siqukethe obulungisekayo noma inzwa, futhi phambi, noma motor, izithungu. Uhlobo lokuqala imicu evela receptor kwesikhumba, imisipha, nemisipha, amalunga, izitho zangaphakathi nezinzwa. Kuyinto e la mangqamuzana avele amasignali kwenzwa aqukethe ulwazi mayelana izenzakalo ezenzeka emzimbeni nangaphandle. amasignali idatha yasemuva-fibre ithunyelwa emgogodleni, bese - ebuchosheni, lapho ihlelwa, kusetshenzwe, esikalini yemisipha phambi ithunyelwa ekuphenduleni nezinye izimpawu imisipha, izitho zangaphakathi futhi imithambo yegazi.

Isakhiwo ingase ihlanganise isimiso sezinzwa futhi autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa, okuyinto unomthwalo umzimba izitho zangaphakathi. Isici kwalesi simiso ukusebenza izimele futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwakuwukuthi isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.

Ngokusho umthelela wabo izibilini autonomic nervous system siqukethe izinhlelo parasympathetic futhi enozwela. ubudlelwane zabo kunalokho nzima, ngoba ngokuvamile kube nomphumela omubi kwenye ngomzimba ofanayo, futhi lapho kufinyelelwa ukulinganisela ezithile zomzimba.

Isakhiwo isimiso sezinzwa kuhlanganise cortex cerebral, okuyinto has a ukushuba mayelana 3 mm futhi endaweni ingqikithi cishe sq.m. ikota Le ngxenye yomzimba inezendlalelo eziyisithupha, okuyinto ezihlobene eduze amaseli nomunye. Inani kula maseli imayelana 15 Bln. Pieces.

Isakhiwo isimiso sezinzwa It ezocatshangelwa hhayi ngokuphelele ngaphandle ezinjengokungcoliswa reflex, okuyinto ukusabela komzimba ethonyeni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle nge isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ihlukaniswe yaba ikhaliphe okunemibandela (ikhono lomzimba lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshashintshayo kwemvelo) kanye nemigomo (impendulo esingokwemvelo ezenzeka ngaphandle). ikhaliphe Unconditioned angadingi imibandela ayezosebenza ngaphansi kwayo ukukhiqizwa yayo, futhi okunemibandela - kuphakama ngenxa izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ebalulekile abantu.