Andrei Gromyko: biography

U-Andrei Gromyko - igama eliyaziwa kakhulu emlandweni wezobudlelwano phakathi kwe- USSR. Ngenxa yezimfanelo zakhe ezincane nezomuntu siqu, wakwazi ukubamba njengenhloko yeNgqungquthela yeSoviet Foreign iminyaka engu-28. Into enjalo akekho omunye ongaphinda. Wayengelona ize ngokuthi u-diplomate inombolo 1. Nakuba wayengekho emsebenzini wakhe. Mayelana nale ndoda futhi sizoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Amaqiniso ayisisekelo we-biography

U-Andrey Gromyko wazalwa ngo-05.07.1909 edolobheni laseSyyeye Gromyki (insimu yaseBelarus yanamuhla). Wayevela emndenini ompofu, futhi usuvele esukela eminyakeni engu-13 ubudala waqala ukuphila, esekela uyise. Ukwakhiwa kwe-diplomate ezayo:

• Isikole seminyaka eyisikhombisa;
• Isikole sobuchwepheshe nesayensi (iGomel);
• I-Staroborisovsky Agricultural Technical School;
• I-Economic Institute (iMinsk);
• Ucwaningo lwesifundo se-Postgraduate ku-Academy of Sciences ye-BSSR;
• Uthole i-degree evela ku-Institute of Economics ye-USSR Academy of Sciences.

Ukuze usebenze emnyangweni weKhomishana Yabantu Yomphakathi Wezwe Langaphandle Andrei Gromyko, obhekene nendaba yakhe, kubonakala ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezimbili eziyisisekelo. Ngokufanayo - wayenemvelaphi yezilwane zasemakhaya futhi wayenalo ulimi lwangaphandle.

Ngakho waqala umsebenzi wakhe ekukhulumisaneni. Kakade ngo-1939 U-Andrei Andreevich wamiswa njengomeluleki we-USSR ukumelwa e-United States kusukela ngo-1939 kuya ku-1943. Kusukela ngo-1943 kuya ku-1946 wamiswa njengenxusa laseSoviet e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabamba iqhaza ekusebenzisaneni ngokubambisana neCuba, elungiselela izinkomfa zomhlaba ezintathu (iTehran, Potsdam, Yalta). Idiplomate yayihlobene ngokuqondile nokudalwa kwe-UN.

Ukubamba iqhaza ku-UN

Umbusi weSoviet u-Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko wayengomunye walabo ababemi emsuka we-UN ngenkathi yesikhathi sempi. Kuyinto isifo sakhe esibhekene ngaphansi kwe-Charter yenhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe. Wayengumhlanganyeli, futhi kamuva umholi we-USSR ukudluliselwa emihlanganweni ye-UN General Assembly.

Emkhandlwini wezokuPhepha, idiplomate inelungelo lokuvota, elalisetshenziselwa ukuvikela izintshisekelo zomthetho we-USSR.

Sebenza e-USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs

U-Andrei Gromyko wayeyinhloko yoMnyango Wezangaphandle Zase-USSR kusukela ngo-1957 kuya ku-1985. Ngalesi sikhathi, wanikela ekwenzeni izingxoxo mayelana nokuncintisana kwezikhali , kuhlanganise nokunciphisa ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi.

Ngenxa yesitayela esinzima ekuqhutshweni kwezingxoxiswano zezobudlelwano, umdiplathi wabizwa emaphephandabeni angaphandle "Mnu No". Yize yena ngokwakhe wathi ekukhulumisaneni kwakudingeka azwe izimpendulo ezimbi ezivela kubamelene naye kanengi.

I-diplomat yabhekana nobunzima obukhulu emsebenzini weNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle ngaphansi kweKrushchev, owayengenelisekile ngokuntuleka kokuguquguquka ekuqhubeni izingxoxo no-Andrei Andreyevich. Isimo sashintsha ngokuhola kwezwe Brezhnev. Bakha ubudlelwano bokuthembela. Le nkathi ibhekwa njengenhlawulo yethonya likadiplomate No. 1 ezindabeni zombuso kanye nezindaba ze-USSR.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe uGromyko wayenezindaba zomphakathi. Washona umhlalaphansi ngo-1988, kodwa wafa engaphansi konyaka.

Ukubamba iqhaza ekuhluphekeni kweCaribbean

Ngo-1962, ukuxabana phakathi kwe-USSR ne-United States kwafinyelela e-apogee yayo. Le nkathi yayibizwa ngokuthi inkinga yeCaribbean. Ngokwezinga elithile, lesi sigameko sixhunywe nesimo se-diplomate. U-Andrei Gromyko wabamba izingxoxo ngalolu daba noJohn F. Kennedy, kodwa, engazi ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa, umbusi waseSoviet wayengeke aziphathe ngendlela efanele.

Okuyinhloko yezingxabano phakathi kwamandla amakhulu amabili ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ekuthunjweni kwe-USSR yemicibisholo yayo ngenkokhelo ye-athomu ensimini yaseCuba. Izikhali zazikhona ogwini lase-US ngaphansi kwesibonakaliso "semfihlo ephezulu." Ngakho-ke, mayelana nokusebenza kuka-Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko, owaziwa ngaye, akazange azi lutho.

Ngemva kokuba i-United States inikeze izithombe eziqinisekisa ukuthi iSoviet Union yayisisebenzise ngempela insimu yaseCuba ukuze idale isisongo sabasolwa ngokumelene ne-United States, kunqunywe ukuba "ukuhlukanisa". Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi yonke imikhumbi ebangeni elithile ukusuka eCuba yayingaphansi kokuqinisekisa.

ISoviet Union yanquma ukuthekelisa imikhosi, futhi kusongelwa impi yenyukliya. Izwe lahlala lilindele impi izinsuku ezingu-38. Ukuxazulula inkinga yeCaribbean kwaholela ekuphumuleni ebuhlotsheni obuphakathi kweMpumalanga neNtshonalanga. Isikhathi esisha ebuhlotsheni bamazwe ngamazwe sesiqalile.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

Ukuhlonishwa kwesombusazwe ofana noAndrei Andreyevich Gromyko, umgwaqo kanye nesikole edolobheni laseVetka (eBelarus) babizwa ngokuthi. Futhi eGomel unensimu yethusi. Ngonyaka ka-2009, abantu basekhaya bakhishwa isitembu sokuposa esinikezwe kudiplomate.

Kunezinamba eziningi zamaqiniso angaqinisekisiwe mayelana nemisebenzi yomphathimende:

• Ngo-1985 emhlanganweni we-Politburo weCPS Central Central, kwakunguAndrei Andreyevich owaphakamisa uMikhail Gorbachev ehhovisi eliphezulu kuleli zwe, kodwa emva kuka-1988 waqala ukuzisola ngesinqumo sakhe;
• Wabonisa isiqubulo sakhe ekukhulumisaneni ngenye inkulumo ethi: "Kungcono ukuxoxisana iminyaka eyishumi kunosuku olulodwa lwempi";
• Naphezu kokugxila okukhulu kweBelarusian ekukhulumeni, umbusi wesifundazwe wayazi isiNgisi ngokugcwele, njengoba kuboniswa yizikhumbuzo zomhumushi uViktor Sukhodrev;
• Kusukela ngo-1958 kuya ku-1987 wayengu-editor-inhloko yenyanga "Life International".