XVIII - yikuphi ikhulu lokhu? EYurophu ngekhulu le-18

Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni, sizophendula kude nombuzo omusha, ovela ezinganeni eziningi ezikoleni hhayi nje kuphela: "XVIII - yimuphi iminyaka yobudala?" Ake sizame ukuqonda lokhu ngaphakathi kohlaka kwalesi sihloko.

Imfihlo yezinombolo zesiLatini, noma Impendulo yombuzo: "XVIII - yiyiphi ikhulu?"

Ngokuvamile abantu bakhononda ukuthi izibalo zamaRoma ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Empeleni, akukho lutho olulukhuni lapha. Konke kulandela ingqondo eqondakalayo ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka inombolo XVIII kufanele icutshungulwe, kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngakho, X ishumi. Ngakho-ke, inombolo izoba ngokucacile enkulu kunezingu-10, ngoba izinombolo ezisele zimi ngakwesokunene. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma sinenombolo ye-IX, ngabe sekuvele kube ngu-9, ngoba i-unit ngakwesobunxele isuswe kusuka ku-10. Ngakho-ke, siya phambili. I-V ingu-5, nengxenye yokugcina, ngokulandelana, 3. Zonke izakhi zifingqwa futhi sithola inombolo ephelele - 18. Kodwa ngokuhambisana nombuzo wokuthi i-XVIII yiyiphi ikhulu leminyaka lokhu, kunenkinga enkulu. Ngumuphi unyaka ongathiwa ngekhulu le-18 - 1750th noma 1829th? Impendulo yinye kuphela: 1750, kusukela ngo-1829 kuyoba sekuyikhulu le-19.

Umlando wekhulu le-18. Ukukhanya

Ngakho, lapho sicabanga ukuthi yiyiphi ikhulu, ake sibheke umlando walesi sikhathi. Okokuqala, iYurophu ekhulwini le-XVIII yahlangabezana nomcimbi omkhulu emlandweni wayo - ukukhanya. Leli gama lijwayele abaningi. Umuntu angabuza umbuzo: XVIII - yiyiphi ikhulu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukwazi izici zalesi simo. Izwe ngalinye lalinendlela yalo. Kodwa lokho okwakubonakala kubo bonke kwaba ukuwa kwama-feudalism.

Ukukhanyisa inqubo yemvelo, okungaqala ngokuqala ngokuwa kwehlelo lomkhuhlane. Kuyinto engumuntu futhi ivumelanisa nomthetho osemthethweni, ukubona kuyo isiqinisekiso senkululeko nokuphila okungcono. Ukukhanyiswa njengento engathinti kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kweYurophu. Ngesibindi yagxeka izinhlobo ezingapheli nezikhathi zokuphila nendlela yokuphila, igcinwe kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi.

Imibono eyisisekelo ye-English Lighting

Ngakho, uLikeke waletha izimfanelo zokuziphatha eziphambili kanye nezindawo eziphawulekayo, okwelapha uhulumeni njengesivumelwano sabantu. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umlawuli wezemvelo kuphela wezokuxhumana nabantu nobudlelwane bezenhlalakahle yizimiso zokuziphatha, ukuziphatha nokuziphatha.

Kwakudingeka ukuthi basungulwe, ngokusho kwesazi sefilosofi, "ngesivumelwane somhlaba wonke." Umlando wekhulu le-XVIII uzimisele ngokuphelele indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwamazwe amaningi, kuhlanganise neBrithani. Izibalo zesiNgisi zoKukhanya zazikholelwa ukuthi umgomo ophakeme - hhayi injabulo yomphakathi, kodwa injabulo yomuntu, ukuphakama kwakhe.

U-Locke uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi bonke abantu bazalwa benamakhono namakhono azobasiza ukuba bafeze cishe konke. Kodwa nje imizamo eqhubekayo, njengoba isazi sefilosofi esikholelwa, ibambe iqhaza ekwenzeni lokho okungenzeka kwakhiwe ngamunye. Umzamo wokwenza uqobo kuphela uzokusiza umuntu aphumelele empilweni. Ekhuluma ngaleyo ndlela, izazi zefilosofi zesiNgisi zangekhulu le-18 zaqonda ngokunembile isidingo somphakathi ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukukhanya okuFrance

Ngokungafani nemibono yabakhanyisa baseNgilandi, uRousseau ugcizelela umphakathi, hhayi umuntu oyedwa. Ngokusho kwemibono yakhe, okokuqala amandla onke asemphakathini, kodwa-ke yazinikela amandla abaphathi ukuba benze izinto. U-Rousseau wayengumsekeli wombuso wentando yeningi yentando yeningi. Ukulingana komphakathi kuzotholakala kuphela uma zonke izakhamuzi zingahlanganyela ekubuseni.

UMontesquieu, futhi, ugcizelela ukuthi isakhiwo sombuso kwanoma yiliphi izwe kufanele livumelane nesimo sezulu, nenkolo, kanye nobuntu babantu. Futhi isazi sefilosofi sibheka ifomu lamaRiphabhulikhi indlela engcono kakhulu yesakhiwo sikahulumeni. Kodwa, hhayi ekuboneni kwamanje ukuthi ithuba lokulisebenzisa, lihlala embusweni wezomthethosisekelo. Kulesi simo, umbusi uzoba negatsha eliphezulu kuphela, futhi omunye umthetho - ngephalamende elikhethiwe.