Izindiza ze-Jet zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, umlando wendalo nokusebenza

Wonke amazwe athathe ingxenye esebenzayo eMpini Yezwe Yesibili wayekade enesabelo esithile sokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza zezindiza. Phakathi nempi, imizamo yokudala izindiza zokulwa eziqhamukayo azizange iphele. Kodwa impumelelo yabo yaphela uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso lapho ama-Jet Wehrmacht weMpi Yezwe Yesibili akhiqizwa khona.

Isilondolozi se-Prewar

Ukuqhuma kwe-Jet kwakudonsela ukunakekelwa kwezibhamu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamarokhethi okuyimpuphu kubuyela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ukubonakala kwezindiza ezikwazi ukuqhuba indiza elawulwayo ngokushesha kwaholela esifiso sokuhlanganisa le misha ngekhono lokushayela i- jet. Isifiso sokuhlinzeka ngamandla wezempi ezingeni eliphakeme lezobuchwepheshe lalibonakala ngokucacile kwinqubomgomo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe yeReich. Imingcele ebekwe yiSivumelwano SaseVersailles yanciphisa iJalimane iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu yokuthuthukiswa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo emishini yempi futhi yaphoqeleka ukuba ifune izixazululo zempikiswano. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemva kokunqatshwa kukaReich kwemingcele yempi nokudala uLuftwaffe, inhloko yezinhlelo zesayensi uR Richtofen ngo-1934 kwakunomsebenzi wokwakha indiza yaseJalimane ye-Second World War. Ekuqaleni kwawo, yiBritish kuphela eyakwazi ukuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe, ekwenzeni injini ye-turbojet injini. Kodwa lokhu akukona ngenxa yokubona ubuchwepheshe, kodwa ekuphikeleni komsunguli F. Whittle, owatshala izimpahla zakhe kuwo.

Ama-prototype nama-sampuli

Ukuqubuka kwempi kwaba nemiphumela ehlukene kwizinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwezindiza zezindiza. AbaseBrithani, beqaphela ukusongelwa kwengozi emoyeni, bathatha ngokungathí sina ngokwanele ukuthuthukisa uhlobo olusha lwezindiza zokulwa. Ngo-Ephreli 1941 bahlolwa ngesibonakaliso, lapho iJets yaseBrithani yeMpi Yezwe yesibili yaqala khona. I-Soviet Union, eyayinesizinda esibucayi sezobuchwepheshe, esilahlekile futhi yaxoshwa ingxenye yemboni, yaqhuba ukuhlolwa okungenangqondo nge-rocket ne-low-power jet izinjini, okwakungenalo inzalo engqondweni. AmaMelika namaJapane, naphezu kwamathuba amakhulu, azange athuthuke kakhulu kusuka ezingeni elifanayo. Izindiza zabo zezindiza zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili zazisekelwe ekuthuthukeni kwamanye amazwe. Kakade ekuqaleni kwempi, iJalimane yaqala ukwakha izindiza ezindizayo zezimoto ezihamba phambili futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwezindiza zangempela zokulwa. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1941 iJet Henkel He-178, enezinjini ezimbili ze- turbojet HeS-8A, yaqala ukuqhutshwa kwamakhilomitha angamakhulu ayisithupha. Ehlobo lika-1942, i-jet yokuqala yaseJalimane yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, i-"Messerschmitt" Me-262 enezinhlangothi ezimbili, yahamba ukuze ibonise ukuphathwa kwayo okuhle nokuthembeka.

Uchungechunge lokuqala

I-aircraft yokuqala ye-jet ye-Second World War, eyaqala ukusebenza, yayiyi- Messerschmitt Me-262 kanye ne-English Gloster Meteor. Kukhona umlando wokuthi ukubambezeleka ekukhululweni kwe-Messerschmitt esebenzayo kuxhunywe no-Hitler's whims, owayefuna ukumbona njengombhomu wamabhomu. Ngemva kokuqala ukukhiqizwa kwalo mshini, ngo-1944 amaJalimane akhiqiza izindiza ezingaphezu kuka-450. Ngo-1945, ukukhiqizwa kwaba yizindiza ezingaba ngu-500. Futhi, amaJalimane abeka uchungechunge futhi aqala ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-He-162, ecatshangwa ngumyalo njengombutho wokugqugquzela uVolkssturm. Uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-jet fighter owahlanganyela empini yi-Arado Ar-234. Ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi, bakhiqiza amayunithi angu-200. Ukujula kweBrithani kwakubonakala kunobuthakathaka. Uchungechunge lonke lwezempi lwe "Gloucester" lukhawulelwe ezimotweni ezingu-210. Impi ye-World War II yase-US neJapane ithuthukiswe kwezobuchwepheshe obudluliselwe e-England naseJalimane futhi zibophezele ochungechungeni lokuhlola.

Isicelo sokulwa

AmaJalimane kuphela akwazi ukuthola ukulwa nesipiliyoni ekusetshenzisweni kwezindiza zezindiza. Izindiza zabo zazama ukuxazulula umsebenzi wokuvikela izwe kusuka esitheni esinamandla amakhulu kakhulu emoyeni. I-jets yesiNgisi yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, nakuba isetshenziswe engxenyeni yaseJalimane nasekuvikeleni i-England ngokumelene nemicibisholo yase-German cruise, yayineziqephu ezimbalwa zokulwa. Ngokuyinhloko basebenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa. ISoviet Union yayingenaso isikhathi sokwakha izindiza ze-Jet yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili. I-USSR ihlakulele ngokugcwele imithombo yezintambo esekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kwayo okucebile kwezempi.