Jet German "Messerschmitt-262": umlando indalo, tesakhiwo, izithombe

High-speed turbojet fighter-Interceptor Messerschmitt ME-262 Schwalbe ( «Messerschmitt ME-262 Swallow") uvele empini kuphela ngo-1944. Asinakusho ngokuqinisekile, kule moto yayihloselwe lokho okusebenzayo. Ukuhlolwa endizeni iqhubekile enkundleni yempi. Wakhonza njengephayona fighter (kuhlanganise ebusuku), webhomu futhi kwesimo endaweni izindiza. Umshini kwaba olulodwa futhi double, ukulwa kanye nokuqeqeshwa. Yaqala uhlelo entsha ye kokwehla abayizimpumputhe, ukulinga imishini radar ihlolwe nokuzwa, izibhamu ka calibers ahlukahlukene, futhi imishini zokuhlola ngaphezulu. umkhakha German wadedelwa mayelana 25 izinguqulo indiza.

"Messerschmitt-262" Kwaqala mass-kukhiqizwa jet injini emhlabeni, ukuthatha ingxenye ngokuqondile ezingxabanweni. AmaJalimane walibiza ngokuthi "Swallows» (Schwalbe), amaMelika kanye nayo iBritish - "Petrel» (Petrel). Kuze kube sekupheleni imishini empini umkhakha German e 1433 wakhululwa. Ngakho, "Messerschmitt ME-262" kungaba kubhekwe obanzi kunayo ekuphonsweni kweMpi Yezwe II.

Umlando indiza

Mhlawumbe noyedwa izindiza imodeli usebhekene nobunzima eziningi kangaka ku inqubo lasungulwa, njengoba "Messerschmitt-262". Umlando kokudaliweyo lo mshini, ukukhula kwawo futhi zifinyelele ekukhiqizweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokungagcini nje ngokubashumayeza ukubambezeleka bureaucratic futhi yokuntuleka kwezimali, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene izinselele zobuchwepheshe.

indiza yayo yokuqala, njengoba kusho umbiko we A. Speer - UNgqongqoshe izingalo isiJalimane, indiza wenza ngenyanga ngaphambi ekuhlaseleni amabutho aseJalimane iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu. Ngo imodeli lokuqala, ME-262 has piston izinjini yasetshenziswa. Nokho, babengakwazi inamandla. Ngonyaka olandelayo kwanqunywa ukusebenzisa jet izinjini Jumo-004, eye yathuthuka futhi laqala ukuthola neliqinile 'Junkers ".

Umlando uyazi amaqiniso amaningi lapho ezintsha iyeza nullified inani eligcwele isizukulwane esedlule sakwa-izikhali. "Messerschmitt-262" kungaba kubhekwe omunye walabo. Buhle umshini omusha phambi izindiza isitha kwakusobala, kodwa izifo sasebuntwaneni emnothweni German babé yinto isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa ukukhiqizwa yayo mass.

Phakathi kwezinkinga main eziye dogged ukuthuthukiswa indiza kuwo wonke umlando zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: Okokuqala, i-kungathembeki we Jumo jet izinjini, okuyinto anemisila "Messerschmitt-262". Basebenza alithembekile kakhulu emkhathini rarefied futhi kudingeka kwenaba eside futhi ngokucophelela. Okwesibili, isondo ogibele ibhanoyi isondo futhi izinga azihlukile. Bavame wavele ngesikhathi kokwehla, kodwa ijubane lokufikela indiza kwaba km 190 kuphela / h. Ndawonye nezempi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi isimo sezombangazwe e-Germany nokuba manqikanqika umyalo ephakeme lapho kwakhiwa izindiza ezintsha, lezi zenzakalo zaholela iqiniso lokuthi "Messerschmitt ME-262" (isithombe ngenhla) uvele kwi yinkundla yempi engxenyeni 1944 yesibili, ukubambezeleka semi yonyaka . Wayengenakuba isikhali isimangaliso, okuyinto kunethemba lokuthi u-Adolf Hitler, kusize Germany uphinde ukwazi supremacy wezasemoyeni yeYurophu. Kodwa kwenzekile.

Lapho zonke izici zilungisiwe, abaklami isiJalimane, kwaba sobala ukuthi zonke izici ukusebenza umshini omusha ishiywa kude ngemuva kwemigomo Allied izindiza. Esakhiwe bezindiza "Messerschmitt-262" lalingabulawa kalula kubhekwe ngobuciko ezifuywayo zezindiza umkhakha.

incazelo

Okwamuva imodeli izindiza "Messerschmitt-262", ukwakhiwa okuyinto engazange owawufana umshini jet Ezikhathini zanamuhla, kwathiwa powered by ezimbili turbofan izinjini namaphiko shanela ngqo. I isivinini ukunyakaza kwaba mayelana 850 km / h. A ukuphakama 9000 amamitha ayeyithole imizuzu phezu 7. engamamitha Maximum engu-11, 000 amamitha. Izikhali Kumele kuqashelwe ezine 30mm MK 108 inganono, njalo ibhomu ezingase kalula ulethe phansi webhomu esindayo. Ayehlelwe ngababili ngamunye amaphiko, omunye phezu komunye. Kube nethuba kokufaka kufika ku-12 namarokhethi unguided.

Allied ukuphendula ukuvela "Messerschmitt-262"

Ezinabantu ehlasela European Sky umbimbi bashaqeka ngu ukubonakala ME-262. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lesi akusona isimanga njengengelosi webhomu American, ejwayele bophezela ungajeziswa emini ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa amadolobha German futhi izindawo ezempi. Kwakubonakala kancane xaxa nayo yonke inzuzo emoyeni izolahleka.

Kodwa ukusiza Anglo-Americans, u-Adolf Hitler kwavela ngokungalindelekile. Iqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni amaJalimane esetshenziswa ngempumelelo jet "Messerschmitt-262" njengoba othanda ukulwa-Interceptor. Sokudumisa kakhulu wafuna ukusebenzisa izindiza njengoba webhomu ngesivinini esikhulu, olukwazi nabakhi bezindawo abanaki imithelela fighters ukuphikiswa, ukuphazamisa ukubonakala oMfelandawonye enkundleni European impi.

pilot German imoto isizukulwane esisha

Ngo-1943, ukuhlola imoto entsha kwenzeka ukuba mathupha induna fighter aircraft we Luftwaffe Jikelele Adolf Galland. I okuvelayo wazwakalisa umushwana: "Le moto indizela njengokungathi yizingelosi." Ngokusho ongumshayeli wezindiza, Jörg Stsypionski, "Messerschmitt-262" (izithombe okuyinto eziqukethwe sihloko) Kwakungenzima ikakhulukazi ukuphatha. Into esemqoka - ukuze wenze yonke into ulandele iziyalezo ezikuyo, bese umshini ngeke baziphathe buthule futhi ngeke ezingezwakali. Ngenxa izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokungavamile ngokuyinhloko esikhathini ukubamba emehlweni isitha izindiza empini. Kulokhu, umshayeli waba yinkosi esikhundleni.

I kwezikhali indiza wawunamandla kangangokuba omunye volley kwakwanele ukuba kwase. Noma kunjalo, ngisho pilot abanolwazi zazingelula njalo ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi umshini Shrew. Kwadingeka kunesidingo kabusha ukuqeqeshwa, okuyinto edingekayo isikhathi esiningi.

Fighter we "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Omunye nabaphikisi categorical uHitler Goering izixazululo esetshenziswa fighter "Messerschmitt-262" njengoba webhomu kwaba induna Luftwaffe fighter aircraft, umakadebona we-Battle of Britain, Adolf Galland. Ngo-January 1945, emhlanganweni, wakhe ubuhanjelwe lonke ithimba zezindiza eJalimane, wazwakalisa esidlangalaleni ukungabaza mayelana kwekhono Goering njengoba induna emoyeni wezwe imikhumbi. Ngenxa yalokho jikelele yisijaka okwesikhashana esikhundleni. Nokho, akazange adikile.

Ukuze afakazele icala labo, Galland ahlinzekwa ukwakha uxhumano ekhethekile asesandleni sakhe, kuhlomisa izindiza zayo "Messerschmitt ME-262." Ukwakheka izisebenzi, phakathi kwabanye babhaliswa Gerhard Barhorna (ngaleso sikhathi-ke kwadingeka 301 ukunqoba zasemoyeni), uHeinz Baer (220 onqobayo), Walter Krupinski (197 onqobayo), Johannes Shteynhoffa (176 onqobayo), Gunther Lutzow (108 kwesilinganiselo) futhi al. Egcekeni yabizwa ngokuthi "ingxenye Fighter" Yagdferband 744 (J744) ».

Umlando iDemo "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Ngo-March 1945, indlunkulu uxhumano entsha itholakala esikhumulweni sezindiza Munich-Riem, lapho futhi waqala entshontsha armadas ka Allied ekuhlaseleni wenza imini ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa eJalimane. Esingaphezu kwenyanga lokhu ayesanda kuluthola elite emoyeni amayunithi kwakukhona kakade 45 izindiza esingu izindiza phansi ahlangene. Kodwa wahlala isikhathi eside. Meyi 3, 1945, yena egqilazwe oMfelandawonye e Salzburg.

Adolf Galland naye akazange oshayelayo indiza. Wathatha iqhaza Imisebenzi eminingi nokunciphisa Allied ekuhlaseleni kuphangwa. April 25, ngesikhathi omunye wabo, ihlaselwe yaseMelika fighter ikhava "Ripablik P-47." Umshayeli walimala kuzo zombili amadolo ayikwazanga ukubeka kahle fighter walo ensimini pitted nge imigodi yezintaba-mlilo.

Ukunqoba pilot-German

beshayela indiza "Messerschmitt-262" Ukunqoba lokuqala lalibizwa iwine Adolf Schreiber. Kepha lezo zinto zabehlela umcimbi 26 Juni, 1944. Ngaphezu kwalezi pilot "Messerschmitt-262" wabasiza udumo Franz Schall - ku ME-262, lapho kukora onqobayo 14 (Imininingwane 137), uHerman Buchner - 12 (58), George Peter Edere - 12 (78), u-Erich Rudorferu - 12 (222) , uCarl Shnorreru - 11 (46), Johannes Steinhoff - 6 (176), Walter Nowotny (Imininingwane 248 kwesilinganiselo), kanye nabanye.

pilot German kubhekwe "Messerschmitt-262" kuyinto invulnerable ukuze bahlanganyele ngesibindi kulwiwa izinombolo kakhulu kunabantu isitha sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-March 19, 1945 28 pilot isiJalimane, ngokuba oshayelayo of "Mesershmittov-262", babengesabi ukulwa nge Ifu elikhulu izindiza American, ehlanganisa ekuhlaseleni 1,300 nekhava 750 fighter. Naphezu izinombolo zabo ezincane, bakwazi overclock wonke armada, ekuvimbeleni i-plaque kwenye amasayithi e-Germany.

Njengabantu obambisene nabo balwa ME-262

Ngo nesimo ngqo "Messerschmitt-262" kwanoma iyiphi izindiza Allied kwathiwa kungekho lutho esingalwenza. Ukulahlekelwa isivinini, iqhinga namandla akhe izikhali, ukunqoba akakwazanga ngisho baphupha. Nokho Achilles isithende etholakele. Ngisho noyedwa. + Iqiniso lokuthi fighter jet "Messerschmitt-262" okungabonakala abasengozini khulu phakathi ukusuka kanye kokwehla. Kulezi zikhathi, futhi kwanqunywa ukuba wenze ukubheja e yokuphikisana naye.

Endaweni yokuqala wonke amabutho zaziphonswa phezu Ukuhlolwa aerodromes, okuyinto zisekelwe 'Swallows' German. Ngemva kwalokho, evulekile yabo yabekwa bombardment abangenasihe. Lokhu exutshwe phansi cishe nsuku zonke. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa njengoba nje "Messerschmitt-262", ngokusekelwe esikhumulweni sezindiza, hhayi uyiswa kwenye indawo.

Siphinde ukwazi la maqiniso ambalwa yokubhubha 'Messers "ku ukusuka. Ngakho, ngo-October 7, 1944, uLieutenant Urban Drew, endiza Insimu isitha, wabona ukuqala sezindiza ambalwa Jets. Ukusebenzisa inzuzo ukuphakama nesivinini, umshayeli ngesibindi ehlaselwa isitha wadubula phansi ezimbili, singavumeli mshini isivinini.

Eziningana ME-262 labhujiswa ngo ukulwa zasemoyeni. Ngakho, ngo-November 8, 1944 omunye Aces we Luftwaffe Walter Nowotny, owadubula phansi phambi 258 isitha izindiza phakathi uxhumano kuhlasela webhomu American esingu phansi ngomunye fighters yakhe ukumboza "Mustang P-51."

Izici "Messerschmitt-262"

Ubude indiza 10.6 m, ukuphakama - 3.8 m, namaphiko - 12.5 m, iphiko endaweni -. 21,8 m Isisindo izimoto lingenalutho 3800 kg, a ukusuka isisindo evamile - 6400 kg, esiphezulu ukusuka isisindo - 7140 kg. Practical ophahleni lift kuyinto 11 km. I ngesivinini esiphezulu ngesikhathi ibambene ibihamba 855 km / h. On izingalo Yayinesikhwanyana 4 izibhamu MK - 108 ubuye akwazi ukusungula 12 R4 ezicitshwayo unguided.

Abaphumelele jet "Messerschmitt-262": Allies

Abaphumelele jet "Messerschmitt" phakathi benu, hhayi kakhulu. Ngokwengxenye enkulu le "Swallows" German wabhubhisa emhlabathini, hhayi abanike ithuba avuke. Noma kunjalo, wehliswa "Messerschmitt-262" alotshwa nokulingana George. Bendraulta (386 FS), uLieutenant Mueller (353rd FG), Major H. Connor (78th FG), isikhulu ndiza Bob Cole ( 3rd isigaba RAF), uLieutenant iWundlu (78th FG), uWilson ULieutenant (401-I-Canadian emoyeni isigaba) kanye nabanye.

Abaphumelele jet "Messerschmitt-262": Eastern Front

Ngaphezu ethiyetha Western Europe zemisebenzi, "kwakunemikhaya Messerschmitt-262" futhi Eastern Front. Nokho, ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalesi ncishana ngempela. Noma kunjalo, uhlu abawinile of the "Messerschmitt-262" iqukethe amagama Aces Soviet. abeka phansi jet "Messers" Ngokusemthethweni okubhaliswe ku-akhawunti yakhe abe Ivan Kozhedub Leo Sivko, Ivan Kuznetsov Yakov Okolepov futhi Aleksandr Dolgunov. Kucatshangwa kulolu hlu kumele zifakwe amagama amabili ngaphezulu: Harry Merkviladze, Pilot 152 th Guards Regiment futhi uVladimir E. kusuka 402 th Fighter Wing.

Nokho, isiqinisekiso zokunqoba kwabo endaweni yokugcina ezitholakele.

isiphetho

Ukuze zonke besizukulwane seMpi Yezwe II umkhakha German lakhiwa futhi ithunyelwa phambi bezindiza 1433, "Messerschmitt-262" okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa ahlukahlukene. Nokho, akubona bonke izimoto waba nengxenye impi. Ukungabi zikaphethiloli yokuntuleka kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kanye nokuntuleka airfields efanelekayo ekhaya (imoto edingekayo evulekile enwetshiwe) yafeza indima ebalulekile e isiphetho ekuphonsweni wokuqala emhlabeni "Messerschmitt ME-262." Nokho washiya uphawu olubalulekile emlandweni zezindiza emhlabeni. Ngemva ukubonakala kwakhe kwaphawula ukuqala kwenkathi jet zezindiza.