Ngu nezindlala we yangaphakathi uketshezi nezindlala yizo? Imisebenzi nezindlala endocrine

Umsebenzi we zonke izinhlaka kanye nezinhlelo esihlelwe ezicini eziningana ethize yangaphakathi. Ngenxa indlela inhlalakahle yawo ehlelekile, umzimba womuntu ngendlela efanele futhi ngesikhathi ukuba baphendule lo umfutho. Endocrine uhlelo kungokwalabo omunye izindima eziyinhloko kulezi izinqubo.

Ngesisekelo zalesi simiso nezindlala endocrine. Lokho kufanele ashiwo nezindlala we uketshezi yangaphakathi, zikhona yini ngabo umdlavuza ubuchopho futhi iziphi izici zomsebenzi wabo bungabonakala - sichaziwe ngezansi.

Uhlelo endocrine kanye nezici zayo

Endocrine apharathasi ethulwa amaseli ukusebenza, ezinye zazo zitholakala ezindaweni ezithile, obumba umzimba, nabanye - abahlakazekile ngokukhululekile isimo. Ngemizimba okungokwendlela ohlelweni, ngokuthi endocrine nezindlala. I engavamile ukwakheka komzimba womuntu yabo yokuthi Amapayipi excretory, okuyinto kwenzeka irisidi ezivezwa uketshezi, evulekile ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Umsebenzi wayo lelawula ohlelweni endocrine isebenza kusetshenziswa izinto ezithile - hormone. Lezi makhemikhali izindlela ezibalulekile obusebenzayo kunesidingo ukuze kusebenze ezanele umzimba iyonke.

Imisebenzi nezindlala endocrine

Ngemva contact yama-hormone ukusakaza igazi, uhlelo lymph noma cerebrospinal fluid, baqala ukwenza njenge yelikhono. Imisebenzi esemqoka nezindlala endocrine kusekelwe izinqubo ezilandelayo:

• iqhaza umzimba;
• kusebentisana umzimba kanye nokuxhumana zonke izinhlelo zalo;
• ukulondoloza ukulinganisela lapho zihlatshwa ezenzeka ngaphandle;
• ukulawulwa izinqubo ukukhula;
• isilawuli yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo ngokobulili;
• ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini angokomzwelo nangokwengqondo.

izinto ezisebenzayo ukuthi eyenziwe simiso endocrine nezindlala, yizici ethize, kanye ngamunye wabo umsebenzi othile. Kuthiwa ama-hormone isinyathelo emzimbeni womuntu adingekayo izimo physico-amakhemikhali. Lokhu kwenzeka kuye izakhi ephambili we ukudla udle, futhi izigaba Lesisemkhatsini umzimba.

Kuthiwa ama-hormone bathambekele kuthinta ukusebenza kwezitho akude nezindlala, okungukuthi, ukuba kude target. Esinye isici ukuthi ushintsho lokushisa akuphazamisi ukusebenza kwe-izinto asebenzayo.

I nezindlala kohlelo endocrine

Ukuze endocrine nezindlala zihlanganisa pituitary parathyroid futhi yegilo, amanyikwe, izindlala adrenal, amaqanda futhi testes, indlala pineal.

Thyroid, cortex adrenal futhi gonads kubhekwe ethembele emsebenzini wabo lo pituitary hormone pituitary njengoba ngqo ukusebenza nezindlala.

Ezinye izindaba zika-ndlala akuyona utho, ukuthi akuyona kuncike pituitary.

Nazi zonke nezindlala endocrine. Ithebula libonisa indawo lezitho-hormone asikhiqizayo.

ubuchopho indlala

Ukuze endocrine nezindlala zihlanganisa pituitary kanye indlala pineal. Ake sicabangele ukusebenza ngamunye wabo.

Indlala pituitary Itholakala Turkish sehhashi ubuchopho ivikelwe ngaphambili sehhashi skull amathambo. Le ndlala kubhekwa ekuqaleni kwazo zonke izinqubo umzimba okwenzeka emzimbeni. It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili, ngasinye sazo ukhiqiza isakhi esithile ethize asebenzayo:

• Front - pituitary anterior;
• Yenza isipele - neurohypophysis.

Bobabili amasheya ezizimele komunye nomunye, ngoba babe ehlukile innervation, kwegazi futhi uxhumano ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho.

Omunye ingxenye indlala pituitary njalo ukhiqiza i-hormone antidiuretic, noma vasopressin. Umsebenzi yalesi material ibaluleke kakhulu umuntu, ngoba elawula ibhalansi uketshezi umsebenzi we tubules kwezinso. Lapho ama-hormone antidiuretic ingena egazini, izinso uqale ukugcina amanzi emzimbeni, kuyilapho ngincipha ubuningi bayo - ukunikeza imvelo yayo yangaphandle.

Oxytocin - the "owesifazane" ama-hormone, kodwa futhi ekhona amadoda. Umsebenzi wakhe kubonakala ikhono isibeletho imisipha asebenzayo, okungukuthi, ketshezi obhekene i zabasebenzi ezanele. Lokhu i-hormone ezifanayo ehilelekile inqubo kokukhipha kwangemva kokubeletha placenta kanye lactation ngemva kokubeletha.

pituitary anterior kuyinto nomthwalo wokuxhumanisa umsebenzi ezinye izindlala endocrine. Yini nezindlala endocrine kulawulwa namanoni aphezu anterior kohlelo pituitary kanye nalokho izinto kunjalo?

1. Thyroid - umsebenzi wakhe kuyinto encike ngqo kwi-hormone yegilo-inkanuko.
2. nezindlala adrenal - amazinga ngokomthetho we-hormone adrenocorticotropic egazini.
3. Gonads - umsebenzi wabo ithonya FSH futhi LH.
4. Prolactin - hormone we pituitary anterior, esithinta umsebenzi we nezindlala mammary ngesikhathi lactation. ozokusebenzisa - ikhemikhali kabani mission ukuxhumanisa ekukhuleni komzimba futhi ukuthuthukiswa, kanye iqhaza amaprotheni biosynthesis.
5. Kuthiwa ama-hormone we ndlala pineal (ndlala pineal) kukhona ahileleke ukulawulwa biorhythms abantu nsuku zonke, zishukumisa izivikeli mzimba, ukunciphisa amazinga ukucindezeleka wegazi lazo wawungcono, ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini.

Ukulawulwa kwendlala yegilo kanye parathyroid nezindlala

Ukuze endocrine nezindlala zihlanganisa ndlala futhi parathyroid. Basuke etholakala endaweni eyodwa - ezingeni uqwanga yesibili kuqhoqhoqho.

Ama-hormone egilo ezibhekwa izinto yodovmestitelnymi asebenzayo - triiodothyronine thyroxine. bayasiza nalapho umzimba, kulawula ezingeni abatholako glucose by amaseli futhi ziwohloke amafutha. Calcitonin kwehlisa izinga le-calcium egazini.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-hormone parathyroid futhi kusekelwe ngcono ukusebenza ohlelweni kwemizwa kanye zemisipha, okuyinto ibangelwa okwandisa izinga le-calcium umzimba futhi abatholako yayo by amaseli.

izici Functional kwamanyikwe

Leli gunya awasebenzi kuphela ohlelweni endocrine, kodwa wokugaya ukudla. umsebenzi kwama-hormone wenziwa okubizwa ngokuthi neziqhingana ka-Langerhans, okuyinto zitholakala kule umsila we ndlala. Lezi ziqhingi yakhiwa zamangqamuzana amaningi, okuyinto zingafani isakhiwo kanye namahomoni ukuthi kuzala:

• -alpha amaseli: ukukhiqiza glucagon i-hormone (ulawula umzimba carbohydrate);
• amaseli Beta: ukukhiqiza insulini (kunciphisa inani ushukela egazini);
• delta amaseli: uketshezi of somatostatin;
• Epsilon amaseli: ukukhiqiza "elambile" i-hormone ghrelin.

I nezindlala adrenal futhi hormone zabo

Iron kuyinto ungqimba yangaphandle lamaseli (cortical ingxenye) futhi kwangaphakathi (cerebral okuyingxenye). ingxenye ngayinye ukhiqiza izinto ayo ethize asebenzayo. Libhekene cortex isizukulwane glucocorticoids futhi mineralocorticoids. La ma-hormone kuthiwa bahileleke izinqubo umzimba.

Adrenaline - ikhemikhali i-hormone kwangaphakathi unesibopho isimiso sezinzwa. Nge waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi senani esegazini livela tachycardia, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, mydriasis, kanti nemisipha kokuqina. Norepinephrine kwemiqondo njengoba ungqimba kwangaphakathi amaseli adrenal. isenzo sayo kuhloswe ukusebenza kwawo parasympathetic kwemizwa uhlelo imisebenzi.

gonads

Ukuze nezindlala endocrine nazo testes futhi ezikhiqiza amaqanda. hormone ekhiqizwa yibo banesibopho ukusebenza evamile uhlelo zokuzala. Ukuze abesifazane kuba yokuvuthwa isikhathi, ukukhulelwa kanye nabasebenzi. hormone Male iphinde ibheke ukuvela kanye nokuvuthwa ngezici ngokobulili.

Imisebenzi nezindlala endocrine zisekelwe phambili bese ukuhlanekezela link. Testes futhi ezikhiqiza amaqanda iqembu emizimbeni utho, ngoba umsebenzi wabo encike ngqo kwi pituitary anterior.

Eyiphutha ezivamile mayelana nomsebenzi kohlelo endocrine

Abantu abaningi ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi zonke yensimbi emzimbeni womuntu kungenziwa ngokuthi endocrine.

Uma kubuzwa lo mbuzo olandelayo: "kuya endocrine nezindlala kukhona nezindlala mammary" ukuthi ulandele impendulo esiqondile - akukho. nezindlala mammary uphakathi kwabantu abangenalo leli kwezitho excretory, okungukuthi Amapayipi yabo excretory ivulekele ngaphandle, kunokuba ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezindlala mammary musa ukukhiqiza ama-hormone yabo.

Impendulo omubi kuyoba kugxile embuzweni othi: "ukuba izindlala of uketshezi yangaphakathi kukhona nezindlala izinyembezi?" Kusukela umbono wezokwelapha, izindlala lacrimal, kanye yobisi, ingeyona ohlelweni endocrine, ngoba akukho ithuba ukuthuthukisa izinto ama-hormone asebenzayo.