Amandla sangaphakathi igesi

Njengoba yaziwa, njalo umzimba has isakhiwo yaso ehlukile okuyinto kunqunywa yawo yamakhemikhali ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo. Ngakho, izinhlayiya akha isakhiwo kukhona ephathekayo, bona nihlanganyele, okubenza babe ethile namandla yangaphakathi. I ukudla okuqinile izinhlayiya lokuxhumana bakha isakhiwo umzimba, namandla, ngakho ukuxhumana zabo izinhlayiya ezakha isakhiwo nezinye izindikimba, kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ehluke, kubukeka e uketshezi noma umoya, lapho izibopho yamangqamuzana sibuthakathaka, kepha ngoba amangqamuzana Ungahambisa ngokukhululekile ngokwanele ukuba uhlanganyele izinhlayiya kanye nezinye izinto. Kulokhu, isibonelo, ububonisa solubility impahla.

Ngakho, amandla sangaphakathi igesi liyipharamitha ebheka isimo igesi, isb amandla ezishisayo ukunyakaza ke microparticles okuyinto isinyathelo amangqamuzana, ama-athomu, nuclei nokunye okunjalo. D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mqondo uchaza amandla kanye nokuxhumana yabo.

Ngo ukwedlulela molecule esimweni eyodwa kuya kwenye amandla sangaphakathi igesi kabani ifomula - WU = DQ - Da - sibonisa kuphela inqubo ushintsho mandla yangaphakathi. Kungoba ngempela kubonakala ifomula, njalo libhekene umehluko phakathi ukubaluleka kwayo ekuqaleni nasekupheleni ukwedlulela engqamuzaneni esimweni esisodwa kuya kwesinye. Indlela ushintsho ngesikhathi esifanayo, okungukuthi, inani layo akunandaba. Lokhu impikiswano kulandela esiphethweni eyisisekelo kunazo ephawula lesi simanga - amandla sangaphakathi igesi kunqunywa kuphela inkomba lokushisa igesi futhi akuxhomekile amagugu umthamo yayo. Ukuze izingabunjalo ka ngemiphumela yalolu cwaningo kubalulekile ngomqondo wokuthi ngqo ukukala ubukhulu amandla yangaphakathi akunakwenzeka, futhi kungenziwa ekufinyelelwa zezibalo ukuhambisa ushintsho yayo kuphela (ke kugcizelelwa khona ifomula uhlamvu - W).

Ukuze eziphathekako amandla yangaphakathi echayeke ashukumisayo (ekushintsheni) kuphela uma ukuxhumana kwalezi nezinye iinhlangano. umsebenzi (lapho kwenziwa friction, umthelela, kokucindezelwa nokunye okunjalo) nokudlulisa ukushisa: Kulokhu, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ukuthi ukushintsha ukuphi. Lesi sakamuva indlela - ukushisa ukudluliselwa -otrazhaet Dynamics izinguquko amandla yangaphakathi ezimweni lapho umsebenzi hhayi lwenziwa, futhi amandla idluliselwa, isib, ezinesibopho esingagcwele emizimbeni lokushisa eliphakeme nge ezincane ukubaluleka kwayo.

Kulokhu, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ukushisa njengoba:

• conductivity ezishisayo (ngqo amandla exchange izinhlayiya okuyinto enze ezinyakazayo okungahleliwe);
• Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows (yangaphakathi igesi notshwala energy idluliswe);
• ngemisebe (amandla idluliswe esebenzisa amagagasi kagesi).

Zonke lezi zinqubo abaqashelwa umthetho ukulondolozwa amandla. Uma lo mthetho kubhekwa maqondana izinqubo thermodynamic okwenzeka amagesi, kungashiwo zavela ngale ndlela: amandla sangaphakathi igesi langempela, - noma kunalokho, ushintsho yayo, limelela inani ukushisa wayiswa ke emithonjeni yangaphandle noma ubuya emsebenzini, okwakukhona uzibophezele phezu igesi.

Uma sicabanga lo mthetho (umthetho wokuqala wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto) ngoba i-gas ekahle, singabona iphethini elandelayo. Phakathi nalokho kubingelelana, izinga lokushisa alushintshi (inqubo isothermal), amandla yangaphakathi futhi njalo njalo.

Phakathi inqubo isobaric, okuyinto izinguquko izici izinga lokushisa igesi, ukwandisa, ukwehla, kuholela ngokulandelana i sokukhuphula noma ukwehlisa amandla yangaphakathi futhi enze operation igesi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, isibonelo, ubonisa ukunwebeka igesi phezu Ukushisa ikhono gas ezifana ukushayela lokubolekwa umusi.

Uma sicabanga inqubo isochoric, lapho ipharamitha yevolumu yayo ihlala njalo, amandla sangaphakathi igesi washintsha kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya inani ukushisa ngocansi.

Kukhona inqubo adiabatic okuyinto eziyizici ukungabi khona negesi lokushintshisana nge imithombo yangaphandle. Kulokhu, ukubaluleka amandla layo langaphakathi kuyehla, yingakho - igesi epholisa.