A321, indiza - the workhorse

Indiza i-Airbus A321 imishini yezobuchwepheshe ikhophi eziphambili wababe yayo A320. Khishiwe maphakathi nawo-90s kwekhulu elidlule, it has a umgibeli nomthwalo obunamandla. Ngokusho ilungiselelo ejwayelekile, akusiyo ezahlukene kakhulu kusukela umsunguli yochungechunge. Uma A320 ingathwala abantu 150, imodeli 321 efanayo isevisi izindleko ukuthwala abagibeli 180. Lona wokuqala uchungechunge 320, okwakuqabukela eqoqwe France (Toulouse). Esitolo inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-imodeli kuhanjiswe ku Hamburg.

Abanikazi, onjiniyela, abanikazi bamasheya

Ukuze esigabeni sokugcina inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-izindiza likhethiwe ithuba Toulouse. Uhulumeni waseFrance kuyinto shareholder ezinkulu eliyifa oveza Airbus (emoyeni amabhasi). Umninimasheya ngobukhulu iyona "Daimler", inkampani isiJalimane, okuyinto iqoqa izimoto "Mercedes". Idlanzana ukwabelana kungokwakho Russia ne-Spain.

mncintiswano

Yethulwe ekuqaleni '80s version of the umsunguli - the A320, sesiye nesincintisana sína ngoba omunye ezinguqulweni ethandwa kakhulu "Boeing" - "737". Yona futhi le ndiza seyithuthuke (ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso), abanikeze asebenza nabo, ideshibhodi olubukeziwe ngokuphelele. Ngokungafani izinguqulo ezindala, iningi lithathe amashubhu eziningana CRT. Njengoba sekunama-on-ebhodini ikhompyutha izinguqulo ezintsha A321 (izindiza) wathola LCD-izikrini.

Eshukunyiswe impumelelo imodeli 320, onjiniyela French waqala ukuthuthukisa ezinye izinguqulo zisekelwe ke. Ngakho kwakunabantu abangu-319, 321, ngokulandelana, elinesimo umthamo kungancipha noma lenyuke umthwalo aphethe, futhi ukuhlela kabusha ezimbalwa ezikhethekile 320 - kusukela version zebhizinisi zokuthutha impahla yempi. Ngokusho indiza yabo nokushayela izici ancintisane 321 imodeli 727 "Boeing". Uma sicabanga ulayini "Boeing", the 747 uyisibonelo nekilasi ezahlukene, ngakho original 321 kwakufanele abe khona, ngaphandle kokudala mncintiswano. Kodwa indima enkulu eyadlalwa yokuthi Airbus kwaba indiza European. Esinye isizathu sokuba ezingeni lelisetulu mncintiswano kwaba ukuthi umndeni 320 kwakungokokuqala ngqá isigaba "digital" izindiza.

Induku yokudlala - isici Airbus

Ngaphandle ray amashubhu, izinjini kusukela "Daimler", le A320 khona isici esithakazelisayo, okuyinto njengefa wonke "izingane", kuhlanganise A321. Le ndiza asisho anamathele ngomqondo evamile. Esikhundleni abashayeli isondo saydstika kakhulu zifane ezivamile ikhompyutha joysticks. Umshayeli wendiza wokuqala (uCaptain) uye saydstik kwesokunxele uqobo, owesibili - ngakwesokudla.

zifana Omkhulu ne joysticks unamathisele kubo ukuthi lezi amadivaysi ungenalo uxhumano ngqo izindiza we okuyiqondisa, ailerons, nabanye. Nge ESDU entsha zonke izenzo pilot kuthiwa ngobulili kwi-ebhodini computer, okuyinto hydraulically ngokwayo uphatha izindiza, ukuvula amasondo ayo, isandiso enezinto, kokufika igiya . ESDU yaqale ithuthukiswe 1980 ngqo imodeli 320. Kuleyo minyaka engu-, lokhu Kwakuwuhambo isixazululo ezintsha. ESDU - uhlelo lokulawula electronic, okuyinto kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-320 chungechunge Useke wadlula ukulungiswa eziningana futhi okwamanje zonke izindiza umndeni ifakwe ukulungiswa zalo ezihlukahlukene.

Aircraft 320 umndeni

Umkhaya 320 x Airbus, yize kwasetshenziswa ezivamile ekilasini (medium-izindiza), zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba eziningana. indiza A319, ngokuba "little brother" inguqulo ye 320, iningi abathwali ezisebenza izindiza kwamazwe ase-Europe. A320 ngokwayo sifana kakhulu izindiza eziqhutshwa "omncane", kodwa kokuba Ubukhulu emikhulu futhi izihlalo ngaphezulu, isetshenziselwa izindiza ezithwele ngaphezulu. A321 - indiza kokuba esiphezulu umthwalo umthamo nobungako, yayikwazi ukuthwala kufika ku abagibeli 200 emizileni medium and eside hola, kuba ngingowokuqala imodeli umndeni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindiza uhlobo A321, njengoba 320 noma ngaphezulu entsha - 319, 318, iphathelene isakhiwo fuselage ewumngcingo, imishini esezingeni elinendawo ndima olulodwa nezihlalo ezintathu ohlangothini ngalunye. 2 futhi lengxenye 9 kumugqa lezihlalo kukhona ukuguqulwa ububanzi.

Ngokungafani A319, emelelwe Onjiniyela emazingeni amathathu ngombala, A321, eyakhululwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, eside kuye kwaba esikhundleni okulula mu 320, ibe banzi ezintsha. Kodwa emva kokwethulwa ngempumelelo 319 kanye 318 onobuhle 2003-2005, izinguquko ezenziwe futhi 321 izindiza. Omunye ukulungiswa 319 wathola olwengeziwe fuel amathangi, okwenza bakwazi ukuba banqobe ibanga by one-third ephakeme kunaleyo esiphezulu indiza ibanga imodeli eziyisisekelo. Ngemva kokwethulwa ngempumelelo kule modeli idale ukukhiqizwa kuvuselelwe Airbus A321-100 izindiza. 200 imodeli lithole izinjini ezinamandla kakhudlwana, extra fuel amathangi aft futhi ngokushesha wathuthela isigaba ekilasini imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo.

Isici sici A321-200, isidlulile ku amamodeli amasha abe wingtips bifurcated, ngeke kakhulu ukulondoloza ukukhwezelwa kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu - off kokwehla.

imicabango yabantu abagibeli

Futhi zimelelani abagibeli mayelana A321 (izindiza)? Izibuyekezo kulokhu subjective kakhulu, ngoba izinkampani eziningi, le imodeli isibe workhorse ekuphishekeleni amamayela, izindawo kanye umthamo ethwele. Amanothi kuthule isihlobo phambi gumbi nomninikhaya okokuqala kuyingxenye enzima kakhulu indiza probrel ubumnene uncharacteristic, nakuba ngezindlela eziningi lokubikezela, njengoba ngempela futhi kuyanda kuncike isimo lobuchwepheshe kwesikhumulo sezindiza. Kuyathakazelisa, ukuthi lokhu izindiza, okuyinto kubhekwa esincintisana ngqo 727 "American" (ngokuvumelana umenzi), eziningi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne 737 ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphandle kwabanye yobunzima abantu abade, nezinye izimfanelo bayalingana.

isiphetho

Ekugcineni kungabonwa ukuthi A321 - indiza, okwakubekelwa kubhekwe ekuqaleni ibhodi medium-range, isibe izinkampani eziningi inombolo eyodwa izindiza. A321 fly njalo, futhi emapaki izinkampani eziningi izenzo ezibonisa jostle imbangi yakhe American - ". Boeing"