Indiza i-Airbus-321: A Brief History futhi Uhlolojikelele

Ngenxa izindleko elincani ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa kanye ukukhanda, Airbus-321 izindiza, okuyizinto izithombe enzansi, uyawuthanda ukuthandwa eliphezulu kakhulu phakathi ehola izinkampani zezindiza emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa fuselage side of indiza ithwale ebhodini yayo inombolo olukhudlwana abagibeli kuqhathaniswa ukuguqulwa odlule. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalo Kuzoxoxwa.

Umlando omfishane

Umsebenzi wokwakha umkhumbi entsha wethulwa 1989. Umsebenzi main okuyinto wabekwa phambi Abaklami esigabeni design, kwaba ukuqinisekisa mncintiswano efanele American indiza Boeing-757. Ngesisekelo Umklamo imikhiqizo emisha wabeka isibonelo 320th. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, onjiniyela enwetshiwe ngamamitha ayisikhombisa fuselage Airbus-321. izindiza gumbi, ngenxa yalokho, isibe ivulekile okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ukukhiqiza onjiniyela ifakwe imodeli nge namandla kakhulu ngamandla amayunithi, kanjalo ngcono uhla indiza. Kwenziwa ushintsho futhi iphiko, eyayizoba ukumelana umthwalo okukhulu kuneyokuqala.

Le nguqulo aseqala indiza wathola isiqu esithi "100" esihlokweni. Ukundiza test obenziwe 11 ngoMashi ngonyaka 1993. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili emoyeni uvukile ukuguqulwa, ifakwe izinjini ezinamandla kakhudlwana. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili indiza lidlule isitifiketi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1995, indiza wafika amakhasimende kuqala abaye baba abathwali ezifana Alitalia (Italy) kanye Lufthansa (Germany). Ngemva kwalokho, saqala umsebenzi ukuguqulwa entsha - Airbus-321-200. I eseyintsha lithole ezengeziwe fuel amathangi, futhi lokho kwenza esiphezulu indiza ibanga 4500 kuya 5550 amakhilomitha. indiza yayo yokuqala Kwasetshenziswa ngo-1996.

incazelo jikelele

Ngu uqobo, le izindiza iyithuluzi ebanga umgibeli airliner, ogama ukukhiqiza akagcini namuhla. imodeli inhlangano, ngokungafani nezinye aircrafts we-Airbus, elalakhiwa edolobheni German of Hamburg, hhayi French Toulouse. Namhlanje, sekuvele eqoqwe amakhophi angaphezu kuka-700 indiza. Kulokhu, ukulethwa olulindelekile has amayunithi angaba inkulungwane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, izindiza ahlukahlukene emhlabeni.

Model Airbus-321 yakhelwe ukuthwala abantu 220 abasemakilasini elilodwa noma amabili. Uma kudingekile uhla indiza afika ku 5.600 amakhilomitha, inani abagibeli kuyehla kube 170. aircraft ifakwe iminyango-umgibeli eziyisithupha zokuphuma eziphuthumayo eziyisishiyagalombili, okuyinto zitholakala nhlangothi zombili fuselage yayo.

Okwamanje, imodeli isetshenziswa izinkampani eziningi emhlabeni: ngebhajethi, futhi charter izindiza. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba indiza iyona ukonga kakhulu imigomo yesevisi zonke nomkhaya walo. Izindleko version oshibhile siqala yakhe nge uphawu eziyizigidi ezingu-110,1 aseMelika.

salon

Njengoba standard, Airbus-321 airliner gumbi isikimu sihlinzekela izihlalo 185. Kulokhu, 16 babo basonta business class. Lolu hlobo yokucushwa charter izindiza kungashintshwa yikhasimende. Ikakhulukazi, umkhumbi ifakwe ukuthutha kalula abantu 220, kodwa kulokhu, bonke abagibeli fly ekilasini umnotho. Akungabazeki ukuthi izihlalo ezingcono kunezinye asezindaweni ekilasini lokuqala. Njengoba leli lungiselelo zihlalo, kuhlukile ngoba izindiza ezahlukene.

Izici Key

Inani izindiza Ubude 44,51 metres, kuyilapho kwenkululeko amaphiko ayo - 34.1 amamitha. Amatilosi kunabantu ababili - umshayeli nomsizi wakhe. Sihamba ngesivinini esiphelele Airbus-321 silingana 840 km / h. Njengoba for petrol, umkhumbi kuthatha isilinganiso 2900 amalitha kaphalafini ihora indiza ngayinye. Airplane ifakwe digital elawula uhlelo, kanye Avionics EFIS (ezifana elisetshenziswa ukuguqulwa 320th). eyandulela fanekiso nazo elakhiwe umsindo ezingeni futhi ekushayweni emkhathini izidakamizwa eziyingozi. Umkhawulo indiza engamamitha kuyinto 11.800 metres, kanye nebanga - 5950 amakhilomitha.

Ingozi enkulu

Ukuphahlazeka enkulu khona ngala airliner Airbus-321 ngo-Pakistan Julayi 28, 2010. Khona-ke emkhunjini nge nenombolo ye-serial 1218, ekhishwe ngo-2010, ukwenza indiza yasekhaya phakathi emizini Karachi futhi Islamabad. Indiza iphahlazeke ngesikhathi kokufika indlela at 9:45 am nesikhathi sendawo. Imbangela enkulu nhlekelele, ngaleso sikhathi uJesu wabulala bonke abantu abangu-152 ebhodini, izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi Meteorological zihlonzwe ngesisekelo uphenyo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi umkhumbi wakwazi endizela amahora angaphezu kuka-34 eziyinkulungwane, Esenze njengoba kungabantu abangaphezulu kuka 13 ayizinkulungwane izindiza.

ukuguqulwa Kugcine

Ngaphezu nokulungiswa ezimbili ezinkulu, esixoxe kabanzi ngazo ngaphambili, kukhona enye inguqulo ye-Airbus-321. Izibuyekezo abamele eziningi izinkampani yokusebenza yayo kanye nochwepheshe ufakaze phambi ezimakethe ukufuneka kakhulu ngaphezulu izimoto futhi eyonga uphethiloli. Kule ndaba, inguqulo ethuthukisiwe imodeli ezavela isihloko wokugubha «NEO» yasungulwa. amakhasimende wakhe bakwazi ukukhetha phakathi izitshalo ezimbili amandla amasha.

Ngamunye wabo has a ezincane petrol, uma kuqhathaniswa izinguqulo ejwayelekile, futhi ngenxa yalokho ibanga ukundiza liner liye landa ngamaphesenti cishe eyinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omusha izinto amaphiko kukhona ngesimo shark fin, okuyinto enomthelela engcono ukusebenza sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza. Passenger umthamo indiza sekuphenduke abantu 235 (isigaba zokuthutha umnotho kuphela). Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuxhashazwa izinto ezintsha uzoqala ngo-2016. Namhlanje, Airbus lithole oda kuka-500 kulezi aircrafts.