Svyatoslav, iSikhulu Kiev: isithombe kanye kwebalingisi

Isibalo Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolovicha - omunye okucebile ezithakazelisayo phakathi izikhulu Russia XII leminyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, wabusa izinkambo uVladimir-naseVolyn, Novgorod-Seversky, Chernigov futhi Kiev. Imikhankaso lempi Svyatoslav waya round wonke eRussia, wavakashela emaqeleni kude eningizimu futhi waqala zisongele Polovtsy ayimizulane.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Ikusasa Prince Svyatoslav wazalwa cishe 1123 emkhayeni Vsevoloda Olgovicha, abusa Chernigov, bese eKiev. Okwenzeka empeleni ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XII, ngaphambi ekugcineni a Old isimo esisodwa Russian isihlakazeka ibe principalities kweshumi. Ngamunye wabo ilawulwa igatsha eqondile Rurik.

Svyatoslav kwakungekaNkulunkulu Olgovich - kangaka okuthiwa generalized ozalwa, abusa Chernigov. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sakhe Kiev Namanje ngegama kubhekwe umuzi omkhulu eRussia, futhi yonke imindeni emikhulu izinduna wazama waze wambeka phezu control. Ubaba Vsevolod Svyatoslav wakwenza 1139. NeNdodana yakhe umbusi wokuqala kule Tour, bese - uVladimir-naseVolyn. Ngakho umfana ithole okwenzeka lapho eqala ukuya kwesikhulu.

Ukuhlanganyela ukuxabana

Vsevolod Olgovich washona ngo 1139. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe kwaqala esempini isihlalo sobukhosi Kiev. I-oda ubudala, lapho indodana endala ulandele uyise labhujiswa, futhi manje ukuze ubukhulu main Russian amangalelwe izikhulu eziningana. owalandela Vsevolod kwakungu umfowabo Igor Olgovich. Nokho, lokhu akazange asijabulele Izyaslav Mstislavovich, eyise futhi yake yabusa Kiev.

Ngubani Igor Kiev isikhulu Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich? Kwaba umalume wakhe, ngakho-ke umshana inakekelwa isihlobo sakhe. Nokho, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje kokwenyukela kwesihlalo sobukhosi, Igor liketulwa Izyaslav amthume sezindela. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile indela nhlobo ubulawe ngesikhathi kubhikisha ethandwa eKiev.

Wabusa edolobheni Izyaslav Mstislavovich impi Yuri Dolgoruky we Rostov-Suzdal ubukhulu. Naye wanikelwa engakwenqeni ukuthatha ukulawula Kiev. Svyatoslav kulokhu kubulalana asekelwe Izyaslav, owayeneminyaka umalume ngasohlangothini lukanina, wamnika ifa naseVolyn emadolobheni amaningana.

Ngo Chernihiv

Ngo 1157-1164 GG. imithetho Svyatoslav Novgorod-Seversky, futhi ngemva kokufa umalume wakhe Svyatoslav Olegovich wathola Chernigov - phetho main yebala lakhe. Prince njalo kwadingeka inqubomgomo ezimele. Ngo 1169, akazange ukusekela Andreya Bogolyubskogo (kusukela Vladimir) e impi yayo yokulwa Kiev. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi umkhankaso kwaba kuphangwa okungakaze kubonwe muzi wasendulo futhi ecebile.

Against Kiev (obuswa Mstislav Izyaslavovich) united lonke umfelandawonye izikhulu. Kuhlanganisa omkhaya Svyatoslav - abazala, Igor futhi Oleg Seversk, futhi Svyatoslav eyodwa kuphela linqaba yezimpi zombango.

Nokho, ngemva kokubhujiswa Kiev akazange ingafeza lukhulu e-Russia (waya emzini Rostov futhi Vladimir), wahlala imbangela yombango owawuzothatha izikhulu eziningi eningizimu. Ngo 1173 omuzi aqala abathi uJaroslav Izyaslavovich. Svyatoslav akazange ayisekele kuye futhi wawuthumba umuzi isikhathi eside. Ukuphendula empini kwahamba umzala Oleg, ukuvinjezelwa Starodub.

Svyatoslav futhi akazange zizungeze wathathela ukuvinjezelwa Novgorod-Seversky. ngomzuzu wokugcina hhayi ukungqubuzana kuphela kwakukhula kuze kube emikhulu impi yombango. Prince Svyatoslav kwesokunxele Kiev, phela kokulahlekelwa uJaroslav yakhe Izyaslavovichu wabuyela Chernigov nokuthula umzala.

Kushayisana Rostislavich

Njengezinye izikhulu eningizimu, Svyatoslav ubekade isimo impi njalo Polovtsy, uhlele kuphangwa elonakalisayo emadolobheni komngcele kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngo 1176, umfelandawonye Rurik eziningana egqilazwe asemaqeleni, okwaholela kuphangwa omusha esibhubhisayo. Svyatoslav, ngalolo umkhankaso akazange iqhaza, bafuna ukuba i-Prince esilandelayo Kiev Roman Rostislavovich bancishwa ifa umnakabo kaDavide, enecala umphumela akuphumelelanga we ngilwe abayimizulane.

Umbusi wezizwe, ukuze dolobha lasendulo Wenqaba ukujezisa elilandelayo wakhe isihlobo. Kunalokho, le noveli waphoqwa ukunikeza Svyatoslav Kiev. Ngokushesha Chernigov isikhulu wathutha ngempela loMfula Dnieper. Nokho, endaweni emisha, wayeziqhenya ngesiko ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu. Nakuba Svyatoslav wayenezimvu Kiev, lonke Kiev izwe eningi izinqaba nemizana okuqondene abazalwane abaningana Rostislavich oluphethe, ngaphandle nje kokuba ngaphezulu futhi Smolensk.

ukulahlekelwa Kiev lesikhashana

Ngo-1180 Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Kievsky waqala ukulwa Rostislav. Wahlasela emzini kaDavide, kodwa walahlekelwa isikhashana, Kiev, lapho, njengoba engekho waxosha Rurik (futhi Rostislavich). Nakuba imithetho Svyatoslav loMfula Dnieper iminyaka eminingi, uye wagxila ngokuyinhloko izithakazelo bomdabu Chernigov ubukhulu bakhe. Yingakho ekulahlekelweni Kiev akazange hit kanzima yi-amathuba nkosi.

Emuva e Chernigov, Prince waqala ukulungisa njengoba liqhubeka empini Rostislavich. Nokho, okumangalisayo ukuthi anakho Umphikisi entsha - okulungile uVladimir Vsevolod Nest Big. Lokhu isikhulu iqale impi ngo-umbusi waseRoma we Ryazan Glebovich - umlekeleli umkhwenyana Svyatoslav.

Kusukela Chernigov Vsevolod efika amanxusa ababezama ukuxazulula lolo dweshu. Ehola ithimba wazala indodana Svyatoslav Gleb. Vsevolod ethumba grand isikhulu eyisithunjwa ukuthi empeleni sempi. Ngo nezenzakalo ezalandela ngokucacile lwembula isici Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Wayengasabi bempi kanye principalities eziningana futhi wanquma ngowokuqala ukuthatha isinyathelo yezandla zabo.

Zahamba ku North-Eastern Russia

Ujezisa Vsevolod kwakungatholakala kuphela behlaselwa ezweni lakubo. Ngakho Svyatoslav benza, kusukela ngo-1181 yakhe edumile Northern Expedition, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho wahola ibutho wakunqoba indlela eya 2000 amakhilomitha. Lo mkhankaso yahanjelwa zonke oyisihlobo esiseduze, okuyinto kuphela kwadingeka Svyatoslav. Trubčeŭsk Prince, Prince Seversky, isikhulu eKursk futhi lonke Olegovichy nema phansi omunye banner.

Ingxenye ibutho ihlanganiswe kwesokunxele Svyatoslav e Chernigov uma kuhlasela Rurik Rostislavich. amabutho Key efanayo wathutha maqondana uVladimir. Vsevolod namabutho Svyatoslav wahlangana osebeni okuphambene bangabonwa. Le mpi akazange athathe indawo. Prince uVladimir waqiniswa ezintabeni, lapho kuhlasela kwaba ungakhululekile kakhulu. Vsevolod yena noma yisiphi isenzo asebenzayo esithathwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, Svyatoslav ngenxa ukuqala kwentwasahlobo waphenduka kolunye uhlangothi, phansi emgwaqeni umlilo edolobheni elincane Dmitrov.

Nalapha e Kiev

Ngemuva kokushiya North-Eastern Russia, Chernigov ibutho emzini Drutsk lapho iJerusalema livinjezelwe waphenduka Davyd Rostislavich. Prince wakwazi ukubaleka, kodwa ke ngaphandle Svyatoslav umzabalazo waya Kiev, lapho ngalesi sikhathi waba umbusi imithetho kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Chernihiv wanika umfowabo ngoJarosław.

Isenzakalo sokugcina lapho kuqala impi yombango kwaba impi phakathi squads Svyatoslav futhi Rurik. Rostislavich iwine. Ngakho-ke saze saphiliswa isimo esikhona manje. Rurik waqaphela ukuthi Svyatoslav - Prince of Kiev, kodwa agcinwayo kusukela enhlokodolobha uqobo lonke izwe Kyïv, ngaphandle. Vsevolod Nest Big nokuthula kuphothuliwe. Ngo 1183 Sviatoslav Army iye yaba nesandla ijima Prince uVladimir ku Bulgaria iVolga.

Impi nge Polovtsy

Ekugcineni ekubeni iSikhulu Kiev, Sviatoslav wagxila ekulweni nosongo olukhulu ukuze ukuthula Russia - Polovtsy. impi Internecine babhebhethekisa kuphela isimo - abayimizulane ujabulile abaye bahlanganyela ingxabano njengoba amasosha futhi ehlaselwa ezweni ukuzilwela kuze Rurik babematasa hlandla nobuhlobo babo. Nakuba eziqine khans Polovtsian babe Kobyak futhi Konchak. Svyatoslav iqale impi ngo-kubo. Ngo-1184,, wahola umfelandawonye izikhulu eziningana (eyayihlanganisa kuhlanganise Rurik Rostislavich) wahlasela asemaqeleni phezu lomfula Khorol. izindimbane eliholwa Polovtsian kwaba Konchak. Nguye kuphela esinda wakwazi ukubaleka futhi ugweme kokuthi abulawe.

Isinde Khan Kobyakov. zidlamlilo bakhe baphinda ngobugebengu emkhankasweni ngempumelelo squad Russian. Svyatoslav inqobe wesibili Aurelie emfuleni. Kobyak elathunjwa futhi kamuva wabulawa Kiev. Ngemva izenzakalo 1185 Polovtsy hhayi ehlasela izwe lakwa kwesikhulu ngaphezulu. izindimbane abo avela e-Russia kuphela uma ngabe waqoqa njengoba amasosha ehilelekile feuds Rurik.

Naphezu yokunqoba Svyatoslav, ngokushesha kwalezi zindaba ezibuhlungu efika e Kiev. umzala wakhe Igor, abusa Novgorod-Seversky, wakhetha ukungahlukanisi zisale ngemuva kwesibalo isihlobo wangena uhambo ahlukene ehlane. Ngo 1185 Cumans wahlulwa squad, futhi isikhulu ngokwakhe bathunjwa. Ngokushesha isiphetho umzala wathola Svyatoslav. "Lay" (umkhiqizo oyinhloko izincwadi Old Russian) nje ukhuluma ngezenzakalo yomkhankaso akuphumelelanga. Svjatoslav njengoba kuqhathaniswa isihlobo esibi ukuba inkondlo ukuboniswa Umbusi ohlakaniphile futhi inzalamizi zonke eningizimu Dukes.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngo 1187, wafa isikhulu Galician Yaroslav Osmomysl. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe ifa umzabalazo abukhali ukuze South-West of Russia. Ingxabano kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga iqiniso ukuthi liphazamisa Hungarian King Bela III. Wathatha galich, wanikela ukuze adlulisele lokhu ocebile idolobha Gleb indodana Svyatoslav.

Prince of Kiev wayezobanika kwemvume yabo, kodwa lesi senzakalo akakuthandanga Rurik Rostislavich. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwakhe kanye Svyatoslav kwaholela yokuthi isikhathi esifushane Galicia kusungulwa indodana Yaroslav Osmomysl uVladimir owacabanga wasemuva yabo Vsevolod Nest Big.

Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe Svyatoslav wangena ezingqubuzana izikhulu Ryazan, nabo Olegoviches yiziphi izingxabano umngcele. Impi Nokho, akuzange kwenzeke. Ryazanschine kwaba ngo ihogela ithonya Vsevolod Nest Big. Akazange avume ukunqotshwa imvume Svyatoslav ukubukeka kwabaqaphi eduze kwemingcele yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1194, inkosi yase-Kiev uye kukhanselwe ehleliwe ukuze bamashe futhi yafa ngemva nje kwalokho. Ukufa Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, kuyisihluthulelo ukuzinza nokuthula eNingizimu Russia, kuye kwaholela enye futhi impi yombango phakathi Olegovichy futhi Rostislavichi.