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Amathangi German "Tiger": izici lobuchwepheshe uvivinyo kudivayisi, imodeli, isithombe, umlilo. Njengoba izikhali Soviet owahlaba German ithangi T-6 "Tiger"?

Le nqubo, okuyinto uye wahlanganyela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili nhlangothi zombili phambili, ngezinye izikhathi liyabonakala kakhulu futhi "sekhenoni" ukwedlula ngisho abahlanganyela kuso. A salokhu submachine isibhamu yethu PCA tanks German "Tiger". "Udumo" Zabo phambi empumalanga kwakusobala kangangokuthi cishe njalo ithangi lesitha yesibili amasosha ethu bekubona T-6.

Indlela Bonke baqala?

Ngo-1942, izisebenzi German Ekugcineni ngabona ukuthi "umbani impi" ayisebenzanga, kodwa mkhuba kuyabonakala isikhundla kokuqina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathangi Russian T34 avunyelwe ukubhekana ngempumelelo nge izingxenye German ifakwe T-3 ne-T-4. Azi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi onjalo ukuhlaselwa ithangi futhi iyini indima yalo empini, amaJalimane wanquma ukuthuthukisa i tank entsha ngokuphelele esindayo.

Ngo nokungakhethi, siphawula ukuthi umsebenzi wokwakha zazisekhona ngo-1937, kodwa izimfuneko 40 sika wamabutho wathatha ijamo ukhonkolo xaxa. On the project ethangini esindayo wasebenza abasebenzi izinkampani ezimbili: Henschel Porsche. Ferdinand Porsche kwaba intandokazi kukaHitler, ngakho wenza iphutha elilodwa ngeshwa, nilangazelela kakhulu ... Nokho, lokhu thina namanje ukukhuluma.

I prototypes lokuqala

Kakade ngo-1941 izinkampani Wehrmacht ahlinzekwa "umphakathi" prototypes ezimbili: VK 3001 (H) kanye VK 3001 (P). Kodwa ngo-May wangalowo nyaka, ibutho lezempi ahlinzekwa izidingo Ukuvuselela amathangi esindayo, okuholela amaphrojekthi kwadingeka ukuba aphinde acabange sina.

Yingaleso sikhathi lapho imibhalo yokuqala umkhiqizo VK 4501, okuyinto komkhondo German ethangini layo lozalo esindayo "Tiger". Izimbangi Bekulindeleke ukunikeza amasampula lokuqala ngo-May-June 1942. Isibalo imisebenzi bebelokhu catastrophically okusezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba bobabili ezisekelweni amaJalimane wayesenikelwe kabusha design. Entwasahlobo ka-1942 bobabili prototypes, ifakwe kwemibhoshongo Friedrich Krupp AG, kwalethwa le "Lair Wolf sika" ukuze abonise ubuchwepheshe obusha e lokuzalwa sokudumisa sika.

Emncintiswaneni winner

Kwavela ukuthi kokubili izimoto kukhona nemiphumela ethile engathandeki abalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, Porsche is ngakho "wathumba" umqondo yokudala "kagesi" ithangi ukuthi prototype yayo, ngokuba nzima kakhulu, kwakunzima niguquke ngu-90 °. Thina 'uHenschel waba futhi akubona bonke kwesokudla: ithangi yakhe kwakubucayi angase ahlakazekile ukuba edingekayo 45 km / h, kodwa injini yayo iye sekuqala ukufudumala ukuze kunobungozi wangempela umlilo. Kodwa namanje Nganqoba ke lokhu ethangini.

Izizathu zisobala: umklamo zakudala kanye chassis ukuxegiselwa. Tank Porsche efanayo uyinkimbinkimbi futhi lidinga inamba zethusi ayindlala zokukhiqiza, ukuthi ngisho Hitler wayethambekele ekubhekeni give up unjiniyela yakhe ethandekayo. Naye-ke samukelwa nekomidi Ukukhetha. Kwakuwusuku amathangi German "Tiger" kusukela " 'uHenschel" futhi uye waba neyaziwayo "uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli."

Mayelana ekubalekeni nasemiphumeleni yaso

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Porsche uqobo ngaphambi kokuqala isivivinyo wayeqiniseka ngakho impumelelo yakhe kangangokuba wayala ukuqala ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela ukwamukelwa. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1942 e-workshop zalesi sihlahla kakade iye wema ncamashi 90 chassis ngomumo eyenziwe. Ngemva kucwila isidingo ukuxazulula izivivinyo, yini okufanele uyenze nabo. Isivuno watholakala - chassis eqinile isetshenziselwe ukudala i-ACS "uFerdinand."

Lokhu isibhamu self ezinezinjini kwaba engengaphansi ezidumile kuka uma siqhathanisa ngayo T-6. "Ebunzini" lesi silo awazange ayiphule cishe noma yini, ngisho iphuzu-blank ububanzi futhi bekude kwamamitha 400-500 nje. Akumangalisi ukuthi "Fyodor" Soviet ithangi nabasebenza obala babemesaba futhi ihlonishwe. Nokho, elihamba akazange avumelane nabo, "uFerdinand" akazange abe Yiqiniso isibhamu, kodwa ngoba eziningi izimoto 90 baqothulwa ezimayini kazibuthe kanye anti-tank amacala, "ngokucophelela 'walala ilungelo ngaphansi amathrekhi.

ukukhiqizwa serial kanye intuthuko

Ekupheleni kuka-August ngawo lowo nyaka ethangini wangena ekukhiqizeni. Okumangazayo ukuthi, kodwa esikhathini esifanayo baqhubeka ukuhlolwa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe obusha. Ngokokuqala ngqá wabonisa isampula Hitler wayefunge ukuthi wayevele isikhathi ukuya emigwaqweni ngemapholigoni 960 km. Kwatholakala ukuthi anolaka sezwe umshini angase yashesha 18 km / h, futhi lapho uphethiloli kwaqothuka ukuba 430 amalitha per km 100. Ngakho ithangi German "Tiger", okuyinto isici sihloko, ngenxa nokubukisa yayo ilethe izinkinga amasevisi supply.

Ukukhiqiza kanye nomklamo ngcono esenyukele isixha olulodwa. Izinto eziningi zangaphandle ashintshiwe, kuhlanganise amabhokisi kanye izingxenye ezisele. Khona-ke, azungezwe basembhoshongweni aqala ukuyibheka njengengcono izigqulo ezincane eziklanyelwe ngoba intuthu amabhomu nezimayini "S" uhlobo. Lesi sakamuva yayihloselwe ukubhubhisa isitha elihamba futhi kwaba omshoshaphansi kakhulu: kokudedelwa esiqwini, yena iqhume ngesikhathi kwaleli chibi, esinabantu falling isikhala elele emhlabeni ithangi encane zazifakwa amabhola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikakhulukazi ukugqiba umshini empini ezinye amabhomu intuthu NbK 39 (osezingeni 90 mm) Kwanikezwa.

Izinkinga zokuhamba

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amathangi German "Tiger" waba ngowokuqala e umlando tank izimoto ukuthi zifakwa njengoba imishini esezingeni zokushayela ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lokhu kwakubangelwa mass elikhulu T-6, okuyinto akazange avumele iyiswa ku amabhuloho kakhulu. Lokho nje umkhuba, okokusebenza cishe ayisetshenziswa.

izinga kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe ngesikhathi ibambene, njenge sivivinyo okwengeziwe ethangini ngaphandle kwezinkinga lachitha amahora angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili elisemcengezini ezijulile (nge injini ukugijima), kodwa yinkimbinkimbi ukufakwa futhi isidingo sokuqeqesha zobunjiniyela endaweni kwenza ukusetshenziswa uhlelo ezingenanzuzo. Emathangini avuzayo ngokwabo wayekholelwa ukuthi German ithangi esindayo T-VI "Tiger" nje babhajwe phansi ucishe ezinodaka, ngakho zama hhayi ukuba engozini usebenzisa izindlela "ejwayelekile" yokweqa emfuleni.

Kuyathakazelisa ngalolo kanye ezimbili zamathrekhi lakhiwe kulo mshini: emincane 520 mm 725 mm ububanzi. Eyokuqala esetshenziswa ukuthutha amathangi ku standard amapulatifomu kajantshi futhi, uma kunokwenzeka - ukuhambisa ngaphansi kwamandla ayo ku migwaqo ekhonkiwe. Uhlobo lwesibili kwaba amacimbi ukulwa, lalisetshenziswa zonke ezinye izimo. Sasiyini kudivayisi "Tiger" ithangi German?

umklamo Izici

kakhulu Umklamo imoto entsha kwaba zakudala, nge Mto labaqaphi elingemuva. It ithatha wonke phambi control unit. Kulapho imisebenzi atholiwe umshayeli nomsakazo opharetha, okuyinto kanyekanye wakhonza njengomdala umcibisholo, nokuphatha exchange angaphandle machine gun.

Ingxenye phakathi ethangini wafakwa ngaphansi gumbi nezisebenzi. Kufakiwe phezu umbhoshongo ngesibhamu nesibhamu umshini, kwakukhona umkhuzi zokusebenza endaweni, umdubuli kambayimbayi futhi Loader. Nalo lungaphansi zonke izinhlamvu ethangini ekulweni gumbi engangikulo.

izikhali

Insimbi main kwaba isibhamu KwK 36 osezingeni 88 mm. Lwakhiwe esekelwe elidumile anti-aircraft izibhamu "UMTHETHO-UMTHETHO" we osezingeni elifanayo, okwathi ngo 1941 ngokuqiniseka baqhatha wonke amathangi Allied cishe nayo yonke amabanga. Gun emgqonyeni obuphelele - 4928 mm, ikhumbula ukubopha nomlomo - 5316 mm. Yileso ezibalulekile zokugcina thola onjiniyela German njengoba kunciphisa amandla ubuyela ezingeni elemukelekile. izingalo elisizayo kwakungaphezu 7.92 mm machine gun MG-34.

Exchange machine gun, okuyinto, njengoba sishilo, wabusa opharetha yomsakazo, wabekwa phambi kuleli gumbi engangikulo. Phawula ukuthi, cupola lomyali, uma ukusetshenziswa okunamathiselwe ekhethekile ukuthwala abantu omunye MG-34/42, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba sisetshenziswe njengesigungu sokufaka izikhali anti-aircraft. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ngesilinganiso kwaba bephoqeleka futhi wayevame amaJalimane e-Europe.

Ngokuvamile, le ndiza akakwazanga ukumelana eliphi elinye ithangi German esindayo. T-IV, «Tiger» - base izisulu ezilula Allied izindiza. Sinazo isimo esifanayo yayihluke kakhulu, ngoba kuze 1944 eU.SSR nje azange abe stormtroopers ngokwanele ukuba ukuhlaselwa okunzima ubunjiniyela German.

Izungezisa turret eyalo rotator wokubacindezela, emandleni akhe kwaba 4 kW. Amandla ethathwa gearbox, okuyinto wasebenzisa igiya ehlukile. Mshini yayiphumelela kakhulu: at isivinini umbhoshongo uzungeza 360 e umzuzu nje.

Uma ngasizathu simbe injini kwaba cwilisa, kodwa kwakudingeka ukuvula umbhoshongo, le emathangini avuzayo ongasebenzisa kudivayisi inhlukano ligijima. ethile yayo, ngaphandle imithwalo phezulu ukuthutha, kwakuwukuthi kancane Itshekisela ukujikeleza umgqomo kwakungenakwenzeka.

amandla plant

Mto equkethwe njengoba isitshalo amandla nophethiloli umthamo. Lokhu amathangi German "Tiger" kahle ayehlukile kuzo imishini yethu ukuthi uphethiloli ezitolo ezibekwe ngqo ekulweni gumbi engangikulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Mto wahlukaniswa namanye amagumbi ukwahlukanisa okuqinile ezinciphisa ukuphila kwakhe engozini ukuze iqembu hit ngqo egumbini lenjini.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amathangi German kweMpi Yezwe II ( "Tiger" iyathinteka), naphezu "uphethiloli" inkazimulo yayo "kulula" ingemukelwa. Kwaba ngenxa ngokunembile elungiselelweni ezinengqondo uphethiloli amathangi.

Ukunyakaza kwabantu noma izithunzi imoto ezimbili motor Maybach HL 210P30 650 hp noma Maybach HL 230P45 700 hp (okuyinto ayebekelwe ezisukela 251-th "Tiger"). Motors V emise, ezine-unhlangothi, isilinda 12. Qaphela ukuthi ithangi "Panther" kwadingeka ncamashi injini efanayo, ngaphandle koyedwa. injini selehlile nge ezipholile ezimbili uketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nhlangothi zombili yenjini abanye abalandeli ukuthuthukisa inqubo Ukupholisa sezisunguliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlukile Ukuhamba generator qeda manifolds Kuye kwanikezwa.

Ngokungafani amathangi bomdabu angasetjentiswa ngokugcwalisa kaphethiloli ephezulu grade kuphela inombolo octane okungenani 74. Four uphethiloli ithangi ahlelwe ku Mto ihlanganise 534 amalitha nophethiloli. Lapho sihamba ngemoto emgwaqweni kanzima emigwaqweni ewubhuqu ngayinye amakhilomitha angamakhulu wayichitha 270 amalitha uphethiloli, futhi ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo izinga off-road anda ngokushesha 480 amalitha.

Ngakho, izici lobuchwepheshe ethangini "Tiger" (German) is hhayi Kusolwa amamashi kwayo okwakuzothatha isikhathi eside "ezimele". Uma nje ithuba ubuncane, amaJalimane wazama ukuthatha kwamsondeza empini phezu izitimela. Ngakho-ke kwaphuma ishibhile.

Ikhoyili Imininingwane

On Uhlangothi ngalunye kwadingeka amasondo umgwaqo 24, okuyinto hhayi kuphela uvalo, kodwa wema imigqa emine nje! On amasondo endleleni elisetshenziswa enjoloba, ngakolunye base steel, kodwa usebenzise uhlelo olwengeziwe of ukwehla yangaphakathi. Qaphela ukuthi ithangi German T-6 "Tiger" kwadingeka ethile kakhulu ukuba kwakunzima ukuqeda: Ngenxa imithwalo eliphezulu kakhulu ngokushesha kakhulu egqoka amabhandeshi rollers.

Kusukela cishe umshini 800th nhlobo rinks aqala ukuyibheka njengengcono band steel kanye cushioning kwangaphakathi. Ukuze lula futhi sinciphise izindleko yokwakhiwa rinks olulodwa ongaphandle nazo ayifakiwe iphrojekthi. By the way, kanye nezindleko jikelele Wehrmacht ithangi German "Tiger"? isampula isiqalo ngonyaka imodeli 1943 kwalinganiselwa imithombo ehlukahlukene, ezisukela izinkulungwane 600 kuya 950 tysyach Reichsmarks.

Isetshenziswa ukulawula amasondo ayo, efana isondo isithuthuthu: ngokusebenzisa idrayivu wokubacindezela ithangi nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani 56 kalula ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngesandla esisodwa. Guqula igiya kungaba iminwe emibili nje. By endleleni, lokhu PPC ithangi Wayeziqhenya esisemthethweni nabaqambi: - (!) Kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi, amagiya amane phambili futhi emibili eyedlule.

Ngokungafani amathangi sethu, lapho mehvoda kungenzeka kuphela umuntu abanolwazi kakhulu ku efaneleyo okuvame kwakuxhomeke empilweni wonke nezisebenzi oshayelayo of "Tiger" kungathatha cishe kunoma iyiphi infantryman, ngaphambi kokushayela isithuthuthu okungenani. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngasendleleni, okuthunyelwe mehvoda "Tiger" into ekhethekile njengenkulumo, ngenkathi umshayeli T-34 kwaba cishe main tank nomyali.

Isivikelo zempi

Icala - ibhokisi emise, izakhi zalo bayahamba "spike" futhi ashiselwe. amashidi Zempi iphuma, nge izithasiselo of chromium kanye molybdenum, waqinisa. Izazi-mlando eziningi agxeke "ibhokisi emise", "Tiger", kodwa, okokuqala, kakade hhayi ezishibhile ngakho umshini kungaba okungenani njengoba into kulula. Okwesibili, okubaluleke kakhulu, kuze kube-1944 emphini kwakungelona Allied ithangi olulodwa, okungase hit T-6 e-projector engaphelele. Nokho, uma kungekho ekugxiliseni.

Ngakho ukuthi German ithangi esindayo T-VI «Tiger" ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwaba umshini ephephile kakhulu. Empeleni, ngoba lokhu wayethandwa futhi emathangini avuzayo Wehrmacht. By the way, isikhali Soviet owahlaba ithangi German "Tiger"? Okuningi ngokunembile, yini izikhali?

Yisiphi isikhali Soviet owahlaba "Tiger"

I zempi frontal has a ukushuba 100 mm, side futhi feed - 82 mm. Ezinye izazi-mlando sezempi bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa "oqoshiwe" izinhlobo izindlu ne "Tiger" ngempumelelo ikwazi ukulwa ZIS-3 osezingeni 76 yethu mm, kodwa kukhona ezinye ubuqili:

  • Okokuqala, ukunqoba esiphongweni ucishe yibhange kuphela amamitha 500, kodwa eliphansi projectiles udibi Ukubhoboza ngokuvamile musa ibhoboze nasezembathweni imfanelo lokuqala "Tigers", ngisho uhla close.
  • Okwesibili, okubaluleke, enkundleni yempi ke kwakwandile "polkovushka" osezingeni 45 mm, okuyinto esiphongweni T-6 akazange athathe nhlobo. Ngisho uma engena uhlangothi Ukungena angase aqinisekiswe yibhange ngaphandle uma imitha 50, futhi akuyona Empeleni.
  • Cannon F-34 T-34-76 futhi kukhanye, futhi ngisho ukusetshenziswa subcaliber "ohlobo" isimo ilungisa ababuthakathaka. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngisho Ukubhoboza amagobolondo lokhu isibhamu ukuthatha ngokuphepha Egibela "Tiger" nge amamitha 400-500 kuphela. Bese - uzitshela ukuthi "esondweni" kwaba izinga akubi njalo ngaso sonke.

Kusukela izikhali Soviet owahlaba ithangi German "Tiger" akuyona njalo amathangi wanikwa umyalelo elula: ukudubula udibi Ukubhoboza kuphela uma kukhona 100% amathuba ukushaya. Ngakho kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ayivela kancane futhi kuyabiza kakhulu tungsten Carbide. Ngakho ukuthi inganono wamaSoviet wawungakwazi knock out T-6 kuphela ngesikhathi kuqondana ezimeni eziningana:

  • ibanga ezincane.
  • Yiba engela ezinhle.
  • A izinga igobolondo.

Ngakho kuze ucishe ukubukeka mass T-34-85 ngo-1944 futhi amabutho ukugcwaliswa izibhamu self ezinezinjini SU-85/100/122 "abazingeli" SU / Isitayela-152 "Tigers" babeyizitha esiyingozi kakhulu amasosha ethu.

Izici ukulwa nokusetshenziswa

Mayelana nendlela abantu babemhlonipha kakhulu German ithangi T-6 "Tiger" umyalo Wehrmacht, uthi okungenani yokuthi entsha Tactical iyunithi amabutho badalelwa lezi izimoto - esindayo ithangi Ibutho. Futhi kwaba ehlukile, yama yodwa ingxenye, wayenelungelo lokwenqaba yesenzo ezimele. Kuyini sici Battalion 14 ekuqaleni edalwe eyodwa isinyathelo e-Italy - eyodwa e-Afrika, kanye asele 12 - e-USSR. Lokhu kunikeza umbono walokho wawuhlukunyezwe ekulweni ku Eastern Front.

Ngo-August 1942, "Tigers 'ziye zaba" ezokhulumela "by Mgoy lapho Gunners yethu wadubula phansi amabili kuya kwamathathu nengxenye izimoto test (kwakukhona ayisithupha), futhi ngo-1943 amabutho zethu ezakwazi wasithatha kuqala T-6 zisesimweni cishe ephelele. Ngokushesha ukuhlolwa umlilo Kwakuseshwa ithangi German "Tiger", okwakunginika okutholakele esidumazayo: T-34 ethangini nge entsha amasu mpi undlovukayiphikiswa ngemibandela alinganayo kabakubonanga, amandla ejwayelekile 45-mm anti-tank isibhamu ibutho azange abe anele ukuze ifohle iye yaphelela ngezingubo zempi.

Kukholakala ukuthi leli cala omkhulu kakhulu ngalokho usebenzisa isixhumanisi "Tigers" eSoviet Union senzeke Battle of eKursk. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba 285 izimoto zalolu hlobo zizosetshenziswa, kodwa eqinisweni Wehrmacht ukubeka 246 T-6.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ngesikhathi we Allied lihlala kwakunamabandla amathathu esindayo ithangi Battalion ifakwe 102 "Tiger". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-March 1945 kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-185 amathangi yalolu hlobo sendleleni emhlabeni. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange cishe 1,200 amayunithi zavezwa. Namuhla, kukhona enye indlela German ithangi "Tiger" emhlabeni. Izithombe ethangini, esemgwaqweni at Aberdeen Nihlola Ground, ezivela njalo komagazini abezindaba.

Kungani kwamiswa "tigroboyazn"?

Ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu lezi amathangi kubangelwa ikakhulu handling kakhulu futhi zikhululekile umsebenzi nezisebenzi. Kuze kube ngo-1944 emphini kwakungelona Allied ithangi olulodwa, okuyinto kwakuzodingeka ilwe ne "Tiger" ku-nokuwumisa alinganayo. Abaningi emathangini avuzayo yethu bashonile ngesikhathi imoto abebehamba ngayo ishayisa amaJalimane ibanga 1.5-1.7 km. Lapho T 6 baqhatha inombolo encane kakhulu ezingavamile.

Ukufa umpetha German Wittmann - isibonelo. tank yakhe amakhefu ngokusebenzisa "Sherman" yagcina wakhawula nge amabanga isibhamu wadubula. Omunye padded "Tiger" kwadingeka 6-7 T-34 wokushiswa, amaMelika ngezibalo amathangi yabo kwaba ngisho nakakhulu. Yiqiniso, "amathathu nane" - umshini i class ehlukene ngokuphelele, kodwa ezimweni eziningi yaphikiswa T-6. Lokhu waphinda kuqinisekisa ubuqhawe nokuzinikela amasosha ethu.

I yokuntula eyinhloko umshini

Ububi eyinhloko isisindo okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ububanzi, okwenza kwaba nzima ukuba athuthe ethangini ezivamile amapulatifomu kajantshi ngaphandle preconditioning. Ngokuphathelene ukuqhathanisa zempi emincane "Tiger" futhi "Panther" nge-engeli okunengqondo buka, practice T-6 usenayo Umphikisi esesabekayo esengeziwe amathangi kweSoviet futhi azihlanganisa ngezithukuthuku ukubhuka iyashelela. Ngezinye T-5 wawuvikelwa kahle kwelivi ngokuqondile, kodwa ibhodi futhi ukudla bacishe elingenalutho.

Yini okubi nakakhulu, ngisho amandla izinjini ezimbili kwakunganele ukuhambisa imoto osinda kangaka ku ezindaweni ezimbi. On nenhlabathi exhaphozini nje Elm. BaseMelika ngisho athuthukile ekhethekile ukulwa amacebo "amahlosi": baphoqekile ukuba flip Ibutho German esindayo komunye umphetho ingxenye komunye, kuphumele kwamasonto ambalwa, kwesigamu T-6 (okungenani) wazibonakalisa lilungiswe.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo amaphutha, ithangi German "Tiger", okuyinto has a isithombe esihlokweni kwaba esesabekayo kakhulu yokulwa umshini. Mhlawumbe, kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, awusebenzi woza ezishibhile, kodwa emathangini avuzayo, kuhlanganise nelethu, ukugijima inqubo indondo esikalini le "ikati" kuphezulu kakhulu.

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