Ngubani kukaKhesari, futhi nguye yini adumile?

Abantu abaningi yesimanje ukwazi igama Yuliya Tsezarya. Kukhulunywa ngaso njengoba igama ulethisi, omunye nezinyanga zasehlobo, kanye ifilimu nethelevishini. Kuyini lokhu sibalo yanqoba abantu mlando, akhumbula ngubani lo Khesari, ngisho emva kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngemva kokufa kwakhe?

umsuka

Ekuqaleni umkhuzi esizayo, sezombusazwe futhi umlobi kwakungomunye kusuka Julian umndeni patrician. Ngesinye isikhathi lo mkhaya oye ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwama-eRoma. Njenganoma yimuphi umkhaya, baba inguqulo yabo umsuka wasenganekwaneni. Agudle amagama abo kwaholela unkulunkulukazi Venus.

umama Guy kwakungu Aurelia cotta, waba baka a plebeians ocebile. Ngegama kuyacaca ukuthi uhlanga wakhe wabizwa ngokuthi Aurelius. Ubaba wayesazisa kakhulu isikhundla noGayu Yuliy Tsezar amadala. Nguye ababengabendlu patricians.

izingxoxo nezibi ziqhubeka ku ngonyaka lokuzalwa umashiqela. Ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi 100 noma 101 BC Kukhona futhi akukho ukuvumelana inombolo. Esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinguqulo ezintathu: 17 Mashi, 12 Julayi, 13 Julayi.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini kuKhesari, kufanele ubheke eseyingane. Yakhula endaweni waseRoma, okuyinto babenedumela kunalokho ezimbi. Wafundiswa ekhaya, ukufunda isi-Greek ulimi, imibhalo, mpendulo. IsiGreki eyamenza wakwazi ukuthola imfundo eyengeziwe, njengoba iningi amaphepha zesayensi ezabhalwa kuso. Omunye wothisha baKhe kwaba eyiqaphuqaphu abadumile Marcus Antonius Gnipho, owake wafundisa Cicero.

Kucatshangwa e 85 BC Guy ayesmhola ozala Julian ngenxa yokufa ezingalindelekile kayise.

Personality: ukubukeka, uhlamvu, imikhuba

Mayelana nokubukeka Gaya Yuliya kwesokunxele eziningi zezincazelo zaba ziningi ekumeni kwakhe sculptural, kuhlanganise nokuphila konke. Caesar isithombe (nokwakha kabusha) okuyinto uvezwa ngenhla, wayengumuntu, ngokusho uSuetonius, ubude, enesikhumba esimhlophe. Yena yayakhiwe kahle futhi waba mnyama, amehlo eshubile.

Sezombangazwe kanye nomholi wezempi kunalokho bheka ngokucophelela ukuba bawalandele. Angakuqeda zezinkozi nezinzipho zakhe, aphuce, ngabahluthula izinwele. Nge endaweni Bald ku phambi ikhanda, ayecashe ke ngazo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga, ecwaninga izinwele nge umqhele esiphongweni. Ngokusho UPlutarch, Imizimba kaKhesari kwaba engaqinile kakhulu.

Abalobi basendulo zavumelana ngazwi linye ukuthi umashiqela kwadingeka ngamandla. Ngokushesha phendula nezimo ezishintshayo. Ngokusho uPliny Omdala, yena waba nokuxhumana nabantu abaningi nge ukuxhumana. Uma wayefisa, umashiqela ungase efundiwe ngesikhathi ebizela othile izincwadi eziningana ukuze onobhala abamukeli ahlukahlukene. Kulokhu, wayengase ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi ukubhala okuthile.

Gay Yuly cishe akazange iwayini kwaba linesizotha kakhulu ukudla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wakhipha yemikhankaso yezempi lwezinto okunethezeka ezifana izibuya KaMose, izitsha ezibizayo. Wathenga imidwebo, izithombe eziqoshiwe, izigqila enhle.

Umkhaya kanye nempilo yakho

Yuliy Tsezar, ogama biography kubhekwa ngokusemthethweni washada kathathu. Nakuba kukhona ulwazi ngaphambili le mishado, yena ukuba asidlulisele Kossutsiey. Abafazi bakhe babe:

• Cornelius inxusa amalungu omkhaya.
• UPompey - umzukulu umashiqela Sulla.
• Calpurnia - nomele lomkhaya ocebile plebeian.

Cornelia nomlawuli saba nendodakazi, ayivusa wayeshade uzakwabo Gnaeus uPompey. Ngokuqondene nobuhlobo bakhe Cleopatra, zazenzeka ngenkathi Gay Yuly wayeseGibhithe. Ngemva kwalokho Cleopatra kwadingeka ingane, okwakunginika igama Aleksandriya Caesarion. Nokho, Yuliy Tsezar alimazanga yena ukuba abe yindodana yakhe, waloba intando yakhe.

umsebenzi bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa

Ngasekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe kwaba isikhundla flamen of Jupiter, okuyinto Guy wathatha in the 80s BC Ukuze enze lokhu, ukhansele ukuzibandakanya futhi indodakazi kaKorneliyu Cinna, esamqokela lokhu okuthunyelwe ohloniphekile. Kodwa izinto zashintsha ngokushesha lapho iRoma salandelwa amandla, futhi Guy kwadingeka ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi.

Qonda lokho kuyinto kuKhesari, ivumela izibonelo eziningi ekuphileni kwakhe. Omunye walena uwukuba kunjalo, lapho lathunjwa pirates ngomhlatjelo. Lo mholi wezombusazwe sikhululiweI, kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ihlelwe ukuthunjwa kwabathumbi babo walibulala, esiphambanweni.

Wayengubani Yuliy Tsezar eRoma yasendulo? Wabamba izikhundla ezilandelayo:

• Upapa;
• induna enkulu empi;
• quaestor ngezindaba zezimali eSpain ephakeme;
• likansumpa i-Appian Way, okuyinto kwalungisa ngezindleko zabo;
• aediles curule - obhekene inhlangano yokwakha ezisemadolobheni, ukuhweba, iIgama;
• inhloko Inkantolo yamacala unomphela;
• impilo yonke wayenesikhundla sokuba Maximus;
• umbusi Spain ephakeme.

Konke lokhu izikhundla ezidinga imali eshisiwe. Ngiqonde wathatha kusukela abakweletwayo bakhe, ngubani aqonda enikeziwe.

triumvirate lokuqala

Ngemva yokubusa yimpumelelo eSpain Long elindelwe Inqubomgomo Triumph eRoma. Nokho, le ndoda yenqaba inhlonipho enjalo ngenxa yezizathu umsebenzi. Iqiniso lokuthi beza nini (ngobudala), lapho yayingase ibizwe akhethwe inxusa e iSigele. Kodwa-ke kwakudingeka bayobhalisa njengoba umfundi mathupha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu owenze ulinde Triumph, akukwazi maduzane ukuvela edolobheni. Wayefanele ukuba benze isinqumo esivuna umsebenzi okunye, adikile honours wathembela winner.

Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi kuKhesari, kuyacaca ukuthi isifiso sakhe kwangithokozisa sisaqhubeka e iSigele ngonyaka wokuqala lapho kuvunyelwe ngaphansi komthetho. Ngaleso sikhathi cishe lokhu kwakubhekwa njengomkhakha ohloniphekile kakhulu.

Ngenxa yalokho inhlanganisela eside zezombusazwe izinqubomgomo ukuvumelanisa nabangane bakhe ababili, kuphumele triumvirate lokuqala sekukhona. I nkulumo isho ukuthi "inyunyana madoda amathathu." Unyaka indalo yayo alwaziwa ngokuqinisekile, ngoba lesi sibopho somshado eyayigqoke uhlamvu imfihlo. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuye kwenzeka ngo-59 noma engu-60 BC Siqukethe kuKhesari, uPompey, Crassus. Ngenxa yalokho yesenzo Gaius Julius ngakwazi abe inxusa.

Ukubamba iqhaza neMpi gallic

triumvirate kwabo Yuliy Tsezar, ogama biography uvezwa sihloko baba guba izakhamuzi waseRoma. Nokho, ngenxa ukuhamba kwakhe esifundazweni zonke izikhalazo ke kwadingeka ukuba uthele Gnaeus uPompey.

Ngalesi sikhathi esiFundazweni Narbonne eGaul yasungulwa ngo lokho manje France. Caesar efika e Bandar Ganaveh kusayithi manje esemgwaqweni Geneva yezinkulumo nebaholi kwesinye sezizwe zakwa-Celtic. Zacindezelwa amaJalimane, lezi zizwe baqala ukuhlala endaweni Republic wamaRoma. Guy kwadingeka alwe esifundazweni izwe Gauls namaJalimane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naye wahola uhambo eBrithani.

Ngemva uchungechunge ngokunqoba kuKhesari wakwazi '50 BC kucabangela konke eGaul eRoma. Nokho, akazange abakhohlwe ukulandela izenzakalo Lomuzi Waphakade. Ngezinye izikhathi wayehluleka ngisho wangenela kubo ngokusebenzisa bawo.

Ukusungulwa ubushiqela

Emuva eRoma, jikelele wangena ezingqubuzana Gnaeus uPompey. Eminyakeni 49-45 BC Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni kulwiwa. Gay Tsezar kwadingeka abasekeli abaningi kulo lonke elase-Italy. Wancika abasohlangothini lwakhe ingxenye enkulu yempi futhi baya eRoma. UPompey wabalekela Greece. Impi zenzeka kulo lonke leli zwe. Umlawuli futhi amabutho akhe alternated kwi ukulahlekelwa. Impi ewumnqamula-juqu, yiMpi Pharsalus, owawina okwakukhona kaKhesari.

Gnaeus kwadingeka babaleke futhi. Lesi sikhathi waya eGibhithe. Julius yahamba emva kwakhe. Akekho nabaphikisi besingalindele ukubulala uPompey eGibhithe. Kube Gay Yuly waphoqeleka ukuba icabange. Ekuqaleni, isizathu kwaba okungekuhle lwemikhumbi umoya, bese umlawuli wanquma ukuthuthukisa isimo sakhe sezimali ngenxa lwamakhosi Ptolemaic. Ngakho, yaba umhlanganyeli emzabalazweni sobukhosi phakathi uPtolemy nantathu kanye Cleopatra.

EGibhithe, wachitha izinyanga ezimbalwa, bese waqhubeka nomkhankaso wakhe ukubuyisela yeRoma, yona eyaqala ukwenza i aphule ngenxa kulwiwa.

Caesar baba umashiqela kathathu:

1. Ngo-49 BC, esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezingu 11, ngemva kwalokho wesula ka.
2. Ngo '48 BC, unyaka owodwa, wabe eseqhubeka wokubusa kwakhe njengombusi sifundazwe, inxusa kamuva.
3. Ngomnyaka-46 BC Waba umashiqela nge asikho isizathu esisemthethweni sokuba inkathi eyiminyaka engu-10.

Zonke amandla akhe yayisekelwe impi, ngakho-ke, ukhetho zikaKesari zonke izikhundla okwalandela kwaba umkhuba.

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, noGayu uJulius Caesar (isithombe ebaziwe kungabonwa ngenhla), kanye nabangane bakhe aphethwe ezihlukahlukene kabusha. Nokho, ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiziphi babo kuhlobane ngokuqondile isikhathi kokubusa kwakhe, kunzima ngempela. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke iyona izinguquko ikhalenda wamaRoma. Izakhamizi kwadingeka ukuya ikhalenda solar, olwasungulwa ososayensi owawuvela e-Aleksandriya Sozingen. Ngakho, ngo-45 BC manje kukhona kwaziwa yibo bonke likaJulius.

Ukufa Testament

Manje kuyacaca ngubani Yuliy Tsezar, ogama biography yaqedwa ngempela ezibuhlungu. Ngo-44 BC kwamiswa ugobe kokubusa kwakhe autocratic. Abaphikisi nabasekeli umashiqela wesaba kwaba UAdamu wamqamba inkosi. Elinye iqembu eyayiholwa Mark Yuny Brutus.

Emhlanganweni iSigele bakhi waqaphela umbono kaKhesari ekubhujisweni. On umzimba wakhe ngemuva kokuthi kubulawe kwatholakala 23 okugwazwa. izakhamuzi waseRoma ashisiwe umzimba ngesikhathi Forum.

Gay Yuly wenza ukuba angene esikhundleni sakhe umshana noGayu Octavius (yokutholwa kuye), owangena ezintathu kwezine ifa, futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi kanje: noGayu Yuliy Tsezar.

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, waphishekela umgomo sacralization ligama lakhe kanye nohlu lozalo. Ngokusobala, impumelelo isinyathelo sakhe phezu ukukhuthazwa lomuntu sakhe kudlulwe ayekulindele. Mhlawumbe yingakho ezweni lanamuhla ngoGayu Yuliya Tsezarya is njengoba abafundi, kanye nabamele izwe art ezaziwayo.