Umqambi Borodin P:. Biography, lokusungula, isithombe

Umuntu esiyingqayizivele - Alexander Borodin, umqambi kanye nososayensi zonke iphuma zibe munye. Ubizwa ngokulinganayo waqaphela ezindaweni ezimbili okuphambene, okwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela kahle. Ukuphila kwakhe kusuke isibonelo umsebenzi onzima futhi uthando abanothando ukuze yonke indalo.

Umkhaya kanye Childhood

Novemba 12 1833, eSt wazalwa umntwana, kwaba umphumela lithandana komshado ePrince Luka Stepanovich Gedianova futhi ovamile Avdotya Konstantinovna Antonova. Ubaba ngesikhathi kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe eneminyaka engu-62 ubudala, unina - 25, abakwazanga ukushada ngenxa umehluko ekilasini, futhi bakubone ingane Prince kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, silotshwe njengoba indodana serfs Gedianova. Ngakho kwaba khona umqambi esizayo Borodin Aleksandr Porfirevich. Kufika iminyaka 8 ubudala, yena waba ohlwini impahla uyise, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, kwakufanele bonyana enze ukusinikeza inkululeko yakhe ngaphambi kokuba afe. Wabuye wathenga ngokuba nomama wendodana yakhe, yashada udokotela Kleyneke nengane big house lwamatshe 4 emabhilidini hlinzeka them khona ntofontofo. Ngo-1840 Gedianova bungasekho, kodwa lokhu hhayi kubonakala nenhlalakahle yendodana yakhe.

Lokudabuka engaziwa akazange avumele u-Alexander ukufunda esikoleni esiphakeme, ngakho wafundiswa ekhaya. Unina alalelwa kakhulu kuyo, futhi beza kuye umfundisi omuhle, wafunda izilimi ezimbili zakwamanye amazwe futhi ngenxa yalokho wathola imfundo yekhethelo, eyamsiza ngawo-1850 ukuze ngempumelelo baphumelele ezivivinyweni zabo kamatikuletsheni. Kodwa kungakenzeki lokho, nonina usingababa kwadingeka ukuba "zivunyelwe" ingane, baphenduké ukuba PR Kleyneke futhi bakwazi ukurekhoda nomfana inhlangano abathengisi, kodwa bavunyelwe Borodin ngokusemthethweni esikoleni samabanga aphakeme futhi kamuva wajoyina sokuzithandela Medical Steel-Academy Petersburg.

Passion umculo

Eminyakeni 8, Sasha abasha baqala ukubonisa isithakazelo esinamandla umculo, wayedlala ku ikhaya kokuzwa imisebenzi upiyano ukuthi izwakale ngaphandle endlini, ngesikhathi impi umbukiso phansi, lapho ibutho lempi ngesikhathi ukubukeza. Wayebuka ngokunaka okukhulu kubo bonke zomculo, wabuza abantu ukudlala nabo. Umama yabhekisela, futhi nakuba wayengenazo okuthandwa zomculo namakhono, wammemela umculi kusuka ibutho lempi, futhi wafundisa Sasha ukudlala umtshingo.

Kamuva lo mfana ngafunda ukudlala upiyano ne-cello, wakwazi ukufunda bebodwa. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-9 ubudala izingoma zakhe kuqala ukuvela. Sasha Borodin, umqambi ngokwemvelo, uqamba for girls Polka "U-Ellen." Ndawonye nomngane esikoleni, ngokuvakashela zonke amakhonsathi Petersburg, ifunda zabuna, ubhala kancane, ezifana ubhala Concerto for umtshingo, violin futhi cello esekelwe opera ngu Meyerbeer sika "Robert le Diable". Young Alexander Borodin - Umqambi kaNkulunkulu, kodwa asithandayo umculo hhayi kuphela. Wayenesithakazelo eziningi, wayekuthanda sculpt, ukudweba, kodwa uthando lwakhe enkulu kusukela ebuntwaneni kwaba kwamakhemikhali.

Ukuqalekela isayensi

Kakade lapho ngineminyaka engu-12 umqambi esizayo Borodin wahlangana umsebenzi wakhe wokuphila konke yesibili - nesayensi. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi iziqhumane, njengabantwana eziningi, Sasha bayahlonishwa lezi izibani agqoke, kodwa wayefuna ukwenza yezandla zabo. Wayefuna ukungena ezintweni akazange ukupenda ngomdwebo, ukuxuba imithi ehlukahlukene. Indlu semvelo abasha khona orgy ka flasks futhi retorts. Umama womfana wayekhathazeke ukuphepha endlini, kodwa wayengakwazi ukumvimbela ukuba afeze ucwaningo. Magic ukuguqulwa izixazululo acacile chemical yokusabela umxhwele Sasha Borodin futhi kuvimbele Entrainment yayo kwakungenakwenzeka. Ekupheleni kuka-passion esikoleni ngoba isayensi zazizidlula uthando lomculo, futhi Borodin waqala ukulungiselela for ukungena emanyuvesi.

Yena ngempumelelo kudlule izivivinyo, futhi umqambi esizayo Borodin owaba umfundi eMedical Steel-Academy, egcwele umuzi wesibili ngaye. wayengumuntu nganoma iyiphi indlela ehambisana nayo zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe okwalandela. Umhlangano no-Professor Zinin phathelana kwesibhamu ngoba u-Alexander, ngomqondo, yathola uyise kuye. Wakhuthaza abafundi ukuba ukuphishekela isayensi futhi wamsiza ukuqonda zonke izimfihlakalo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Ngo-1856, Borodin lolungenamaphutsa iziqu esikoleni futhi ngabelwa ezweni esibhedlela samasosha. udokotela Ukusebenza, wabhala mqondo, futhi 1858 wathola iziqu zakhe kwezokwelapha. Kodwa konke lokhu engashiyi izifundo kwamakhemikhali kanye nomculo.

isipiliyoni angaphandle

Ngo-1859, AP Borodin, umqambi, udokotela kanye nososayensi, wathunyelwa phesheya athole ukuqeqeshwa okusezingeni eliphezulu emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Eminyakeni emithathu Alexander Porfirevich aphethwe e Heidelberg, eJalimane, e-University ngaleso sikhathi kwaba cishe Russian umbuthano brilliant yesayensi: Mendeleev, Junge, Botkin, Sechenov - ukhilimu yesayensi yanamuhla Russian. Kulo mphakathi asikwazanga kuphela izingxoxo zeziyaluyalu kwesayensi, kodwa kuyaxoxwa izinkinga yobuciko, umphakathi kanye nezombusazwe. Imiphumela yocwaningo eJalimane Borodin baletha udumo emhlabeni wonke njengenhlangano wemithi oluvelele. Kodwa ucwaningo lwesayensi akabakhohlwa mayelana umculo, khona amakhonsathi, ukuhlangabezana amagama amasha - Weber, Liszt, Wagner, Berlioz, Mendelssohn waba Admirer oshisekayo Schumann futhi Chopin. Borodin futhi uyaqhubeka ukubhala umculo ngepeni wakhe eshiya eziningana ekamelweni imisebenzi, kuhlanganise Sonata idume Cello futhi Piano Quintet. Futhi, u-Alexander Porfirevich uye amabanga amade kulo lonke elaseYurophu, cishe ngonyaka ayihlala eParis, lapho uyaqonda izimfihlakalo chemistry waphonseka ezweni nomculo wamuva.

Chemistry njengoba kuyindaba yokuphila

Zonke Biography of Borodin, umqambi by ubizo, uhlobene eduze isayensi. Ukubuyela kusukela izwe, washiya ngempumelelo kudlule umbiko izifundo futhi uthole i-woprofesa alma yakhe Mater. Income Borodin wayengekho abakhaliphile uthisha iholo ngokulambisa embozwe izidingo zabo eziyisisekelo. Waqhubeka ukufundisa at the Academy kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila, kanye imali ukudluliselwa. Liphinde imatasa ucwaningo. Ngo-1864 wathola isihloko Uprofesa, iminyaka engu-10 kamuva waba umphathi elabhorethri yesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Ngo-1868, Borodin nothisha wakhe Zinin iba umsunguli we Russian Chemical Society. Ngo-1877 waba academician zabomdabu esikoleni esiphakeme, ngo-1883 wakhethwa yilungu zokuhlonipha we Russian Society of Physicians.

Ngokuba ukuphila kwakhe yesayensi Borodin ishicilele amaphepha ucwaningo mayelana 40, izinto ezimbalwa, ezifana ukusabela uxhumano lokudlulisa, ngegama lakhe, wabeka isisekelo inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela yesimanje ye Plastics.

Indlela umculo

Emuva eminyakeni yakhe umfundi Aleksandr Borodin, umqambi Russian, kudala eziningi imisebenzi oluvelele, naye edlala umculo njengendlela cellist. Waqhubeka ukufunda umculo ngesikhathi internship phesheya. Futhi Waphindela eRussia, ihlanganyela umbuthano lezihlakaniphi nesithakazelo umculo. Ngane endlini Botkin, ehlangana Balakirev okwathi ekanye Stasov luwuthinte kumiswa umbono wakhe ngenxa yobuhle. Yena wethula Borodino eqenjini eliholwa Mussorgsky, ukuthi njengoba kusondela umqambi yazuza ifomu ephelele futhi kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "Onamandla idlanzana". Umqambi Borodin baba continuer esingaguquguquki emasikweni esikoleni Russian kazwelonke, Mikhail Glinka.

opera lokusungula

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe zokudala, okuyinto eye yaba parallel njalo kwezinye imisebenzi, u-Alexander Porfirevich wabhala imisebenzi 4 enkulu opera.

Borodin umqambi - isithelo iminyaka yakhe eminingi emsebenzini. "Bogatyr" Waloba 1868. Kamuva, "Mlada" livela ukusebenzisana ngokuhlanganyela nabanye abalobi. Iminyaka 18 wayesebenza ku ambitious kunazo indalo yakhe - opera "Prince Igor" by "Lay", okuyinto kwaba engenamandla okuqeda, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe emsebenzini ekuqaleni sebuqoqiwe ngabangani bakhe. I-opera "uMlobokazi I Tsar sika" futhi awukapheli, futhi empeleni lokhu nje uhlaka.

ekamelweni umculo

Umculo umqambi Borodin ikakhulu emelelwa ekamelweni imisebenzi, wabhala Sonatas, concertos sonata nama-quartet. He kubhekwa, kanye Tchaikovsky umsunguli we quartet Russian. umculo wakhe izici okuxubene lyricism futhi amaqhawe, avame sikala, bekholelwa Motifs yendabuko umculo isiRashiya, kodwa futhi kungabonakali kuhambisana umculo Western Europe, yena uthathwa njengomgcini ngukhokho European Impressionism.

imisebenzi esalele

Umqambi Borodin idume ezinye ngendalo yakhe. Okokuqala yakhe Symphony es dur, ebhalwe ngo-1866, kwashaqisa abantu besikhathi sakhe ngamandla alo, okwakhe kanye Ukukhalipha eyakuletha umqambi enkazimulweni European. Zonke umculo wezinsimbi ezintathu esiphelele Borodin amagugu umculo Russian. opera umqambi Borodin sika "Prince Igor" kanye "uMlobokazi Tsar" miningi odumo emhlabeni. Kuwo, emelela konke kuhamba phambili engomeni isiRashiya, kudala isithombe ezibanzi umlando yeqhawe yeRussia.

umqambi Borodin ezimbalwa, kodwa ucezu ngalunye - wobuciko ngempela. umculo wakhe ngokuvamile eyenziwa wezinsimbi yesimanje. A "Prince Igor" ungaphakathi repertoire of opera izindlu Russian.

imisebenzi yangaphandle

Qamba Borodin umqambi ihlobene eduze nokufundisa. Abafundi walithanda inkanuko ethanda nge uprofesa wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Wayehlale ekulungele ukusiza abafundi abahlwempu, umusa ezahlukene futhi ukuzwela. Kuvikela abafundi woshushiso zezombusazwe, ezifana nokulekelela abahlanganyeli kokubulawa uMbusi u-Alexander II.

Ngaphandle pedagogy Borodin uhlela a khulula umculo esikoleni, uyasisiza neziphiwo abasha ukuthola indlela yabo umculo. Borodin eziningi umzamo esichithwa amathuba abesifazane ukuba aphishekele imfundo ephakeme, uhlela izifundo zokwelapha zabesifazane, lapho efundisa khulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayekhokha kungaholela ekwayeni umfundi, bahlela ethandwa isayensi iphephabhuku "Ulwazi".

yobumfihlo

Umqambi Borodin, Biography iDemo okuyinto okusesihlokweni esithi, abaye baphila ukuphila okwanelisayo kakhulu ngokwesayensi futhi kwezobuciko. Futhi kwakungeyona kuze kube sekupheleni nokuphila komkhaya okujabulisayo. Enomkakhe wayehlangane naye ngesikhathi uhambo phesheya. Bashada kuphela 1863, umkakhe wahlushwa ufuba nasekulweni ayiqondakali kubekezelelwe isimo Petersburg, wayevame kwadingeka zihambe ngenxa climes ukufudumala, okuyinto libukelwa phansi kakhulu ibhajethi umndeni. Izingane lezi zithandani wayengekho, kodwa babe abafundi abambalwa, okuyinto Borodin babekholelwa namadodakazi.

ukuphila kube nzima futhi olunzulu ubhidliza Borodin impilo. Yena sadabuka phakathi lokusungula, isayensi kanye inkonzo, futhi inhliziyo yakhe ayizange sikhuthazele umthwalo ongako. Februwari 27, 1887, wafa ngokuzumayo. Ngemva kokuhamba kwakhe, abangane, eliholwa Rimsky-Korsakov kuphelile "Prince Igor" futhi ngokucophelela ukuqoqa wonke ifa okudala umqambi omkhulu Russian.