Turboprop injini: idivayisi, isifunda ukusebenza isimiso. Ukukhiqizwa turboprop izinjini eRussia

Engine turboprop njengomuntu piston: futhi yena nabanye babe bendiza. Kodwa kungenjalo zihlukile. Cabanga ukuthi ziyini kule yunithi, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, yiziphi ubuhle nobubi bayo.

izici Jikelele

Turboprop injini utfolakala kuluhlobo gas abaphehla ugesi okuyinto zenzelwe njengoba jikelele amandla transducers futhi ziye kabanzi zezindiza. Zakhiwa a injini ukushisa, lapho amagesi enwetshiwe ukushintshanisa ophephela futhi yakha torque, futhi nesicu salo enamathiselwe nezinye amayunithi. Injini unikezwa bendiza turboprop.

Kuyinto isiphambano phakathi piston kanye Turbo amayunithi. Okokuqala, efakwe izindiza piston izinjini, ehlanganisa isilinda nge star emise ahlelwe ngaphakathi kushaft. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi bona babengenamduduzi usayizi kakhulu nesisindo, kanye nokwenzeka sihamba kancane, kodwa awasasetshenziswa, enika ntandokazi uvele izilungiselelo turbojet. Kodwa lezi izinjini kwakungafanele ngaphandle nemiphumela ethile engathandeki. Abakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini leSupersonic, kodwa ibusa eziningi nophethiloli. Ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwabo abiza kakhulu tekutfutsa bagibeli.

Engine turboprop kwadingeka ukuba zibhekane nabo kusimo esinjalo. Futhi le nkinga iye ixazululwe. Ukwakhiwa nokusebenza ezathathwa mshini injini turbojet, futhi piston - ophephela. Ngakho, yaba inhlanganisela okungenzeka usayizi encane, izindleko kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu kahle.

I izinjini yasungulwa futhi lakha emuva namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule eSoviet Union, futhi neminyaka engamashumi amabili kamuva, baqala ekukhiqizweni. Amandla u ahluka 1880 kuya 11000 kW. Isikhathi eside yayisetshenziswa e zezindiza ezempi kanye civil. Nokho, isivinini leSupersonic, babengakholwa ukulingana. Ngakho-ke, nge obhekwe izikhungo ezinjengalezi e-Air Force wenqaba kubo. Kodwa kwendiza yabantu abangekho ikakhulu enikeziwe ngazo.

Iinsetjenziswa turboprop injini futhi kuyasebenza yayo isimiso

motor design silula. Kuhlanganisa:

• reducer;
• bendiza;
• ikamelo omlilo;
• compressor;
• umlomo wombhobho.

Isikimu turboprop kanje: emva umjovo kanye kokucindezelwa air yi compressor ingena egumbini amandla omlilo. Nalokho kwaba injected nophethiloli. Ingxube nomphumela ephakamayo futhi kudala amagesi okuyinto ufaka ophephela ukunwetshwa uphinde uphendule, futhi-ke, ngesikhathi, phendula le compressor futhi isikulufa. amandla engasetshenzisiwe kukhishwa umlomo wombhobho, ukudala wagxila esisheshayo. Ngenxa ukubaluleka kwalo akukho abalulekile (amaphesenti ayishumi), ke kungabhekwa njengophawu turboprop turbojet.

Nokho, Umgomo we operation kanye nomklamo, zifana kubo, kodwa amandla ayiveli nhlobo ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho, udala torque engu ukuphendula ingalo, kodwa kancane kuphela, njengoba amandla ewusizo futhi uphendukisa screw.

yokusebenza kushaft

Kukhona izinjini oyedwa noma ababili, imiphini. I okufana eyodwa-shaft elilodwa shaft kanye compressor futhi a ophephela nesikulufu. Esikhathini kabili kushaft - omunye wabo ukukhwezwa ophephela kanye compressor, futhi ngakolunye - screw ngokusebenzisa igiya ukunciphisa. Lapha kukhona abaphehla ugesi ezimbili ezixhunywe isiqeshana komunye nomunye indlela igesi-ashukumisayo. Omunye wabo ngoba screw, kanye nezinye - ngokuba compressor. i samuntu onjalo uvamile kakhulu, kusukela amandla singasetshenziswa ngaphandle egijima ngezikulufo. Lokhu kuyasiza ikakhulukazi lapho indiza phansi.

compressor

Le ngxenye unezigaba amabili kuya kwayisithupha, okuvumela ukuba ngiziqonde izinguquko eziphawulekayo lokushisa nokucindezelwa, kanye ukunciphisa ijubane. Nale design, kuvela ukunciphisa isisindo kanye nosayizi, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu izinjini izindiza. I compressor kuhlanganisa impellers futhi Umhlahlandlela vanes. On the yokugcina ingase inikezwe noma alinikezelwanga isiqondiso.

bendiza

kwakhiwa Ngenxa yalesi imininingwane wagxila, kodwa ijubane lilinganiselwe. Kuthathwa kuyindlela engcono ebonisa ezingeni 750 1500 ngomzuzu, kusukela okwandisa nekusebenta iqala ukuba bawe futhi ukuhlakaza isikulufa esikhundleni iguqulwe ibe ukubopha. Lo mkhuba ubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela lokuvala." Sibangelwa izindwani isikulufa okuyinto ngesivinini ngokushintshana, kokweqa ijubane umsindo, ziqale ukusebenza kahle. Umphumela ofanayo sizoba ne ukwanda ubukhulu babo.

ophephela

Ophephela uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini linemibhikisho kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ngomzuzu, kodwa awukwazi ukuyihlanganisa kufanelekile, ngakho lapha kukhona igiya ukunciphisa ukuthi kunciphisa ngesivinini futhi kukhulisa torque engu. Ama-gearbox enza kungaba ezahlukene, kodwa lo msebenzi wabo oyinhloko kungakhathaliseki uhlobo - ukubambezela futhi ukwandisa isikhathi.

Lesi sici kukhawulela ukusetshenziswa turboprop wezempi izindiza. Nokho, ukuthuthuka ku ukudalwa nenjini leSupersonic akuvimbi, okungenani okwamanje futhi asiphumelelanga. Ukuze uthuthukise traction ngezinye izikhathi ngezikulufo ezimbili unikezwa turboprop. Umgomo we operation ngesikhathi esifanayo baye ezalethwa ujikeleze oluyi, kodwa nge igiya elilodwa.

Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga injini D-27 (Turbopropfan) kokuba umlandeli ezimbili Helical exhunywe khulula ophephela gearbox. Lona kuphela isibonelo idizayini elisetshenziswa civil aviation. Kodwa isicelo yayo ngempumelelo kubhekwa eqa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza injini yokubika.

Izinzuzo Ububi

Thina ukuqokomisa pluses kanye minuses eziye libhekene nomsebenzi we turboprop. Okuhle ngalokhu ukuthi:

• isisindo ukukhanya ziqhathaniswa amayunithi piston;
• ukuqeqesheka kuqhathaniswa turbojet izinjini (ngenxa kahle bendiza ifinyelela amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili nesithupha).

Nokho, naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo elingenakuphikwa, jet izinjini, kwezinye izimo kukhona akukhetha kakhulu. ijubane injini Turboprop ingamakhilomitha angu eziyisikhombisa namashumi amahlanu ngehora. Nokho, i- izindiza yesimanje ambalwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsindo elakhiwe kuphezulu kakhulu, kokweqa izindinganiso avumelekile International Civil Aviation Organization.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma turboprop izinjini eRussia lilinganiselwe. Empeleni, basuke efakwe kule izindiza ezindiza ibanga elide futhi ngesivinini aphansi. Khona-ke isicelo buyafaneleka.

Nokho, zezindiza ezempi, lapho izici eziyinhloko okwakufuneka izindiza maneuverability okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokusebenza ethule, kunokuba kahle, lezi izinjini musa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo futhi turbojet amayunithi asetshenziswa lapha.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo njalo isakhiwa ukwakha nezikulufi leSupersonic izithathe ukuze ixazulule leyo "umphumela ivimbela" futhi bafinyelele ezingeni elisha. Mhlawumbe, uma okusunguliwe ibe ngokoqobo, kusukela jet izinjini senqabe turboprops futhi izindiza zempi. Kodwa okwamanje bangakwazi kuphela lingachazwa ngokuthi "workhorses" Awuyena enamandla kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza esitebeleni.