I permeability kazibuthe we ketshezi

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kazibuthe (H) kanye magnetic ukuminyana ecucuza (B) asendabeni libhekene eliningi ngokomzimba ngokuthi permeability kazibuthe. ngokuphelele kazibuthe permeability medium - isilinganiso esingu-B ukuthi H. Ngokusho kwe-International System of Units kukalwa amayunithi ngokuthi 1 henry imitha ngalinye.

Inani lenombolo esashiwo isilinganiso ezidlula yayo ubukhulu permeability yayo magnetic cleaner futhi luchazwa ngegama μ. Lokhu value ubizwa ngokuthi isihlobo kazibuthe permeability (noma permeability) of the medium. Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi isihlobo, alinaso amayunithi.

Ngakho-ke, isihlobo kazibuthe permeability μ - Inani ukubonisa izikhathi eziningi kanjani lokungeniswa emkhakheni medium lingaphansi (noma ngaphezulu) of the cleaner lokungeniswa kazibuthe.

Lapho eyizwa izidakamizwa, aba uzibuthe ngu amandla kazibuthe angaphandle. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ngokwe-mbono ka Ampere, e gcwele buzo njalo afundwa imisinga ezincane kagesi okubangelwa ukuhamba electron ezungeza yabo futhi khona bebodwa okwamanje la mandla kazibuthe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, lokhu ukunyakaza disordered, futhi insimu "iqeda" (ukukhansela) nomunye. Lapho obeka isidumbu ensimini zangaphandle imisinga ukuhleleka kuka, futhi umzimba iba uzibuthe (m. E. Ukuba ensimini yayo).

zonke izinto i-permeability lihlukile. Kususelwa ukubaluleka yalo, nodaba division ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu.

Ngo ukubaluleka diamagnetic ka kazibuthe permeability μ - kancane esingaphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-bismuth μ = 0,9998. Ngu diamagnetic kukhona zinc, okuhola asebenza ngebhethri, idwala usawoti, ithusi, ingilazi, i-hydrogen, benzene, amanzi.

I permeability magnetic paramagnetic amayunithi inkudlwana (i μ = 1,000023 aluminiyamu). Izibonelo paramagnetic --nickel, i-oksijini, tungsten ebonite, i-platinum, i-nitrogen, umoya.

Ekugcineni, iqembu lesithathu eyakhe eziningi izinto (ikakhulukazi izinsimbi kanye Alloys), permeability kabani kazibuthe kakhulu (nge-oda eziningana ezihlanganisa) idlula ubunye. Lezi izinto - ferromagnets. Empeleni lapha zihlanganisa-nickel, i-iron, ayibe futhi Alloys yabo. Ukuze steel μ = 8 ∙ 10 ^ 3 ingxubevange nickel-yensimbi μ = 2.5 ∙ 10 ^ 5. Ferromagnetic ifa izakhiwo lapho kwehlukaniswe nezinye izinto. Okokuqala, banalo uzibuthe asalile. Okwesibili, permeability kwabo umsebenzi we zangaphandle emkhakheni lokungeniswa. Okwesithathu, ngamunye wabo kukhona lokushisa ethile umbundu, ebizwa ngokuthi Curie iphuzu lapho nje leyo ndawo ilahlekelwa impahla yayo ferromagnetic bese uba paramagnetic. Ukuze nickel Curie iphuzu - 360 ° C, i-iron - 770 ° C.

I izakhiwo ferromagnets inquma permeability nje kuphela kodwa futhi ubukhulu mina, ukubizwa ngokuthi magnetization we ketshezi. Lena eziyinkimbinkimbi nonlinear umsebenzi lokungeniswa kazibuthe, lokwanda okuchazwe magnetization umugqa ngokuthi magnetization ijika. Ngakho, kokuba izikhathi eziningana zafinyelela eqophelweni elithile, magnetization cishe iyeke ukwandisa (ukugcwaliswa kazibuthe kwenzeka). Ukusilela muva ukubaluleka magnetization ferromagnetic kusukela ubukhulu elikhulayo amandla kazibuthe angaphandle lokungeniswa libizwa hysteresis. Kulokhu, kukhona ukwencika a ferromagnet izici kazibuthe hhayi kuphela esimweni saso okwamanje, kodwa futhi ku magnetization sangaphambilini. Ukumelwa sokuqhafaza lo msebenzi ijika libizwa hysteresis iluphu.

Ngenxa impahla yayo, izinto ferromagnetic elisetshenziswa kakhulu ngalobu buciko. Zisetshenziswa rotors izinjini kanye nama-generator, enkulu ekwakhekeni transformer cores futhi udlulisela kagesi, ekwenzeni izinto amakhompyutha electronic. I izakhiwo kazibuthe materials ferromagnetic asetshenziswa itheyiphu abalobi, izingcingo, tape nezinye izinto ezigcina.